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Li X, Dolbier WR. Visible-Light-Induced Three-Component Tetrafluoroethyl-heteroarylation of Alkenes with 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl Chloride and Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301814. [PMID: 37467364 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl-containing compounds are valuable structures due to their unique physicochemical properties, which have increasing potential application in drug discovery. However, synthetic methods for preparing such compounds are rare. Herein, we report the first use of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl chloride to introduce the HCF2 CF2 group into organic molecules via a three-component, radical tetrafluoroethyl-heteroarylation of alkenes with readily available quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones. This method provides a new and facile approach for late-stage functionalization of potential biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - William R Dolbier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States
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2
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Ohsato H, Kawauchi K, Yamada S, Konno T. Diverse Synthetic Transformations Using 4-Bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and Its Applications in the Preparation of CF 2 CF 2 -Containing Sugars, Liquid Crystals, and Light-Emitting Materials. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300080. [PMID: 37140105 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecules with fluoroalkylene scaffolds, especially a tetrafluoroethylene (CF2 CF2 ) moiety, in their molecular structures exhibit unique biological activities, or can be applied to functional materials such as liquid crystals and light-emitting materials. Although several methods for the syntheses of CF2 CF2 -containing organic molecules have been reported to date, they have been limited to methods using explosives and fluorinating agents. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop simple and efficient approaches to synthesize CF2 CF2 -containing organic molecules from readily available fluorinated substrates using carbon-carbon bond formation reactions. This personal account summarizes the simple and efficient transformation of functional groups at both ends of 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and discusses its synthetic applications to biologically active fluorinated sugars and functional materials, such as liquid crystals and light-emitting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Ohsato
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kawauchi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Konno
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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3
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4
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Sunagawa DE, Ishida N, Iwamoto H, Ohashi M, Fruit C, Ogoshi S. Synthesis of Fluoroalkyl Sulfides via Additive-Free Hydrothiolation and Sequential Functionalization Reactions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6015-6024. [PMID: 33781063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A modular synthetic method, involving a hydrothiolation, silylation, and fluoroalkylation, for the construction of highly functionalized fluoroalkyl sulfides has been developed. The use of aprotic polar solvents enables the additive-free chemoselective hydrothiolation of tetrafluoroethylene, trifluorochloroethylene, and hexafluoropropene with various thiols. The stepwise functionalization reactions convert the hydrothiolated intermediates into the tetrafluoroethyl sulfides in high efficiency. The method avoids the use of the environmental pollutant Halon-2402, which was employed as a building block in a reported synthetic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E Sunagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Ohashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Corinne Fruit
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Ishikawa's Reagent – a Valuable Source for Fluoroorganic Iminium Salts. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Keßler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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6
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Václavík J, Klimánková I, Budinská A, Beier P. Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Tetrafluoroethylene- and 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl-Containing Compounds. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Václavík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Klimánková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Alena Budinská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
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7
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Li L, Ni C, Xie Q, Hu M, Wang F, Hu J. TMSCF
3
as a Convenient Source of CF
2
=CF
2
for Pentafluoroethylation, (Aryloxy)tetrafluoroethylation, and Tetrafluoroethylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9971-9975. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Mingyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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8
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Li L, Ni C, Xie Q, Hu M, Wang F, Hu J. TMSCF
3
as a Convenient Source of CF
2
=CF
2
for Pentafluoroethylation, (Aryloxy)tetrafluoroethylation, and Tetrafluoroethylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Mingyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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9
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Commare B, Schmitt E, Aribi F, Panossian A, Vors JP, Pazenok S, Leroux FR. Fluoroalkyl Amino Reagents (FARs): A General Approach towards the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Bearing Emergent Fluorinated Substituents. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060977. [PMID: 28604633 PMCID: PMC6152730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated heterocycles are important building blocks in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and material sciences. Therefore, organofluorine chemistry has witnessed high interest in the development of efficient methods for the introduction of emergent fluorinated substituents (EFS) onto heterocycles. In this context, fluoroalkyl amino reagents (FARs)—a class of chemicals that was slightly forgotten over the last decades—has emerged again recently and proved to be a powerful tool for the introduction of various fluorinated groups onto (hetero)aromatic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Commare
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, LCM UMR 7509, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Etienne Schmitt
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, LCM UMR 7509, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Fallia Aribi
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, LCM UMR 7509, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Armen Panossian
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, LCM UMR 7509, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Vors
- Bayer S.A.S., 14 Impasse Pierre Baizet, BP 99163, 69263 Lyon CEDEX 09, France.
| | - Sergiy Pazenok
- Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
| | - Frédéric R Leroux
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, LCM UMR 7509, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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10
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Mei H, McCloud R, Ibrahim F, Nworie C, Musket A. Alkaline aqueous solution promoted debromination of 1,2 dibromo-fluorocarbons – A convenient method for electron deficient perfluorovinyl ethers. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Schmitt E, Landelle G, Vors JP, Lui N, Pazenok S, Leroux FR. A General Approach towards NH-Pyrazoles That Bear Diverse Fluoroalkyl Groups by Means of Fluorinated Iminium Salts. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Vaidyanathaswamy R, Raman GA, Ramkumar V, Anand R. Nucleophilic difluoroalkylation of benzophenones, benzaldehydes and Schiff's bases by tetrafluoroethyl ether and difluoroacetamide. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Liu C, Zhao H, Zhao H, Wang Z, Zhang B. Base-promoted direct and highly selective alkynylation of electron-deficient octafluorotoluene. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies are reported on the base-promoted direct alkynylation of octafluorotoluene via highly selective C–F bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
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14
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Giornal F, Landelle G, Lui N, Vors JP, Pazenok S, Leroux FR. A New Synthesis and Process Development of Bis(fluoroalkyl)pyrazoles As Novel Agrophores. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Giornal
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7509, SynCat, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Grégory Landelle
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7509, SynCat, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Norbert Lui
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse
50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Vors
- Bayer S.A.S, 14 Impasse Pierre
Baizet, BP99163, 69263 Lyon Cedex 09, France
| | - Sergiy Pazenok
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse
50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Frédéric R. Leroux
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7509, SynCat, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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15
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Giornal F, Pazenok S, Rodefeld L, Lui N, Vors JP, Leroux FR. Synthesis of diversely fluorinated pyrazoles as novel active agrochemical ingredients. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Liang T, Neumann CN, Ritter T. Introduction of fluorine and fluorine-containing functional groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8214-64. [PMID: 23873766 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1953] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the most significant, conceptual advances in the field of fluorination were enabled most prominently by organo- and transition-metal catalysis. The most challenging transformation remains the formation of the parent C-F bond, primarily as a consequence of the high hydration energy of fluoride, strong metal-fluorine bonds, and highly polarized bonds to fluorine. Most fluorination reactions still lack generality, predictability, and cost-efficiency. Despite all current limitations, modern fluorination methods have made fluorinated molecules more readily available than ever before and have begun to have an impact on research areas that do not require large amounts of material, such as drug discovery and positron emission tomography. This Review gives a brief summary of conventional fluorination reactions, including those reactions that introduce fluorinated functional groups, and focuses on modern developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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17
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18
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Jin G, Zhang X, Cao S. Transition-Metal-Free Sonogashira-Type Cross-Coupling of Alkynes with Fluoroarenes. Org Lett 2013; 15:3114-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401317m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuxue Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Song Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Pazenok S, Giornal F, Landelle G, Lui N, Vors JP, Leroux FR. A New Life for an Old Reagent: Fluoroalkyl Amino Reagents as Efficient Tools for the Synthesis of Diversely Fluorinated Pyrazoles. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Xue-Mei D, Bing-Hua Y, Chang-Ming H. Syntheses of polyfluoroalkyl aryl ether. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.19860040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Boiko VN. Aromatic and heterocyclic perfluoroalkyl sulfides. Methods of preparation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:880-921. [PMID: 20978611 PMCID: PMC2956459 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers all of the common methods for the syntheses of aromatic and heterocyclic perfluoroalkyl sulfides, a class of compounds which is finding increasing application as starting materials for the preparation of agrochemicals, pharmaceutical products and, more generally, fine chemicals. A systematic approach is taken depending on the mode of incorporation of the SR(F) groups and also on the type of reagents used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Boiko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanskaya St. 5, 02094 Kiev, Ukraine.
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22
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Vasilyeva TP, Karimova NM, Slavich YV. Synthesis of fluorine-containing benzimidazole derivatives. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-010-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Andreev VG, Kolomiets AF. [3,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangements as a method of organofluorine synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1993v062n06abeh000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Guo Y, Shreeve JM. Difluoromethylene compounds as precursors to ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides and carbonates. J Fluor Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Rudnichenko AV, Shermolovich YG. New Synthesis of 2‐Polyfluoroalkyl Substituted 1,4,5,6‐Tetrahydro‐pyrimidines and 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐1,3‐diazepines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910601039192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Petko KI, Sokolenko TM, Yagupolskii LM. Chemical properties of derivatives of N-difluoromethyl-and N-2-H-tetrafluoroethylpyrazoles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-006-0222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Theodoridis G. Chapter 4 Fluorine-Containing Agrochemicals: An Overview of Recent Developments. FLUORINE AND THE ENVIRONMENT - AGROCHEMICALS, ARCHAEOLOGY, GREEN CHEMISTRY & WATER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-0358(06)02004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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28
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29
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Moiseev SV, Vasil'ev NV. Synthesis and cycloaddition of N-substituted pyrroles with polyfluorinated substituents. Russ Chem Bull 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leroux F, Jeschke P, Schlosser M. α-Fluorinated Ethers, Thioethers, and Amines: Anomerically Biased Species. Chem Rev 2005; 105:827-56. [PMID: 15755078 DOI: 10.1021/cr040075b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Leroux
- Laboratoire de Stéréochimie associé au CNRS (UMR 7008), Université Louis Pasteur (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
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Huh DH, Jeong JS, Lee HB, Ryu H, Kim YG. An efficient method for one-carbon elongation of aryl aldehydes via their dibromoalkene derivatives. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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35
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Kirsch P, Bremer M. Nematic Liquid Crystals for Active Matrix Displays: Molecular Design and Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:4216-4235. [PMID: 29711908 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001201)39:23<4216::aid-anie4216>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/1999] [Revised: 05/04/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Substances forming calamitic mesophases have been known for more than 100 years but only the recent, rapid advance in active matrix liquid crystal display (AM-LCD) technology helped these materials to achieve the crucial position in flat panel display technology they hold today. Due to their high contrast, large viewing angle, and rapid switching times, modern AM-LCDs offer a superior picture quality even compared to conventional cathode ray tubes. Their flatness, low weight, and low energy consumption render them the technology of choice for all kinds of portable devices. Some of the future promises of AM-LCD technology are centered around the development of liquid crystalline materials for the different subtypes of active matrix applications. This development is aimed, on the one hand, towards improved electrooptical and viscoelastic properties; on the other hand, the increasing performance of LCDs leads to extremely stringent reliability demands on the liquid crystals. Responding to these high standards of performance and quality, most liquid crystals for contemporary AM-LCD applications are multiply fluorinated compounds with very high purities, as is typical for materials used in the electronics industry. The synthesis of these superfluorinated materials (SFMs) often requires specialized methods, which, in several cases, had to be introduced for the first time into the canon of industrial production. The immense market pressure, as well as the rapid advance of AM-LCD technology on the side of the display manufacturers, urges an increasing pace of the materials development. This demand for new materials can no longer be fulfilled by conventional trial-and-error approaches. As in the pharmaceutical industry, in the search for new, superior liquid crystals, the purely empirical methods are increasingly supported by a rational design based on computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Kirsch
- Merck KGaA, Liquid Crystals Division 64271 Darmstadt, Germany, Fax: (+49) 6151-722593
| | - Matthias Bremer
- Merck KGaA, Liquid Crystals Division 64271 Darmstadt, Germany, Fax: (+49) 6151-722593
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