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Tasaka A, Inoue H, Isogai T, Nakai T, Morihiro S, Inaba M. Analysis of the Ionic Conduction Behavior in a Few of Room Temperature Molten Fluorides. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brandt JR, Lee E, Boursalian GB, Ritter T. Mechanism of Electrophilic Fluorination with Pd(IV): Fluoride Capture and Subsequent Oxidative Fluoride Transfer .. Chem Sci 2014; 5:10.1039/C3SC52367E. [PMID: 24376910 PMCID: PMC3870902 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52367e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic fluorinating reagents derived from fluoride are desirable for the synthesis of 18F-labeled molecules for positron emission tomography (PET). Here, we study the mechanism by which a Pd(IV)-complex captures fluoride and subsequently transfers it to nucleophiles. The intermediate Pd(IV)-F is formed with high rates even at the nano- to micromolar fluoride concentrations typical for radiosyntheses with 18F due to fast formation of an outer-sphere complex between fluoride and Pd(IV). The subsequent fluorine transfer from the Pd(IV)-F complex is proposed to proceed through an unusual SET/fluoride transfer/SET mechanism. The findings detailed in this manuscript provide a theoretical foundation suitable for addressing a more general approach for electrophilic fluorination with high specific activity 18F PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen R. Brandt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gregory B. Boursalian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Matalin VA, Kaurova GI, Berenblit VV, Lebedev NV. Products of electrochemical fluorination of tripropylamine and triallylamine. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427211060279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Furin GG, Fainzil'berg AA. N-Fluoro amines and their analogues as fluorinating reagents in organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1999v068n08abeh000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Toullec P, Devillers I, Frantz R, Togni A. Relative Electrophilic Fluorinating Power as Assayed by Competitive Catalytic Halogenation Reactions. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200490240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abe T, Pandey SK, Baba H. Electrochemical fluorination of hexahydroazepine, methylpiperidines and methyl 1-hexahydroazepine-acetate: the preparation of F-(1-hexahydroazepine-acetyl fluoride) and its derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Electrochemical fluorination of N-containing carboxylic acids Part 5. Fluorination of the methyl esters of cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholino-group substituted carboxylic acids. J Fluor Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(97)00145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sartori P, Velayutham D, Ignat'ev N, Noel M. Investigations on the product distribution pattern during the electrochemical fluorination of 2-fluoropyridine and pyridine. J Fluor Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(97)00095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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BECKER EF, ZIMMERMAN BK, GEIDUSCHEK EP. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CROSS-LINKED DNA. I. REVERSIBLE DENATURATION AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS TRANSFORMATION. J Mol Biol 1996; 8:377-91. [PMID: 14168692 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(64)80202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Sankar Lal
- Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 7201 Hamilton Boulevard, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18195-1501
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Synthesis of Pyridines by Electrochemical Methods. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abe T, Nagase S, Baba H. Electrochemical Fluorination of Diols and Heterocyclic Compounds. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1973. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.46.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chang B, Yanase H, Nakanishi K, Watanabe N. The electrochemical fluorination of n-propyl-, diethyl- and triethylamine. Electrochim Acta 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(71)85106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schmeisser M, Huber F. Elektrochemische Fluorierung von stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen zur Gewinnung von Stickstofftrifluorid. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19693670108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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GEIDUSCHEK EP, HERSKOVITS TT. Nonaqueous solutions of DNA. Reversible and irreversible denaturation in methanol. Arch Biochem Biophys 1961; 95:114-29. [PMID: 13897513 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(61)90116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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HERSKOVITS TT, SINGER SJ, GEIDUSCHEK EP. Nonaqueous solutions of DNA. Denaturation in methanol and ethanol. Arch Biochem Biophys 1961; 94:99-114. [PMID: 13713795 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(61)90016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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