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Rajasekhar T, Singh G, Kapur GS, Ramakumar SSV. Recent advances in catalytic chain transfer polymerization of isobutylene: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18180-18191. [PMID: 35517218 PMCID: PMC9053765 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01945c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the development of highly reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB), a major commercial intermediate toward fuel and lubricant additives. Recent years have witnessed very substantial advances in the catalytic chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) of isobutylene/industrial Raffinate-1 (C4 Raffinate) to produce HRPIB, particularly in nonpolar solvents at elevated temperatures. The main subjects of this review are cationic polymerization of isobutylene, progress in HRPIB research and existing challenges, and recent advances of CCTP. New initiating/catalyst systems based on ionic liquids with Lewis acids are detailed, and this approach may open new views in the synthesis of HRPIB. Some current developments in CCTP of industrial Raffinate-1 and mechanistic studies are also described. This review strongly supports that the hydrocarbon soluble Lewis acid·ether (LA·ether) complex catalyzed CCTP will become the most popular technique for preparing HRPIB and could replace the traditional BF3 catalyzed industrial method. This review presents the development of highly reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB), a major commercial intermediate toward fuel and lubricant additives.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tota Rajasekhar
- R&D Center, Indian Oil Corporation Limited Sector-13 Faridabad-121007 Haryana India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- R&D Center, Indian Oil Corporation Limited Sector-13 Faridabad-121007 Haryana India
| | - Gurpreet Singh Kapur
- R&D Center, Indian Oil Corporation Limited Sector-13 Faridabad-121007 Haryana India
| | - S S V Ramakumar
- R&D Center, Indian Oil Corporation Limited Sector-13 Faridabad-121007 Haryana India
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Jin Y, Dong K, Xu L, Guo X, Cheng R, Liu B. Facile synthesis of medium molecular weight polyisobutylene with remarkable efficiency employing the complexed BF3·EtOH/TiCl4·H2O initiating system. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hand N, Mathers RT, Damodaran K, Lewis SP. Bulk and Solution Polymerization of Isobutene Using Tris(pentafluorophenyl)gallium and Tris(pentafluorophenyl)aluminum. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4038483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hand
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
| | - Krishnan Damodaran
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stewart P. Lewis
- Innovative Science Corporation, Roanoke, Virginia 24019, United States
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Lichtenthaler MR, Higelin A, Kraft A, Hughes S, Steffani A, Plattner DA, Slattery JM, Krossing I. Univalent Gallium Salts of Weakly Coordinating Anions: Effective Initiators/Catalysts for the Synthesis of Highly Reactive Polyisobutylene. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4005516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Lichtenthaler
- Institut für
Anorganische und Analytische
Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) and Freiburg Institute
for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) Section Soft Matter Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Higelin
- Institut für
Anorganische und Analytische
Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) and Freiburg Institute
for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) Section Soft Matter Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für
Anorganische und Analytische
Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) and Freiburg Institute
for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) Section Soft Matter Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alberto Steffani
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar A. Plattner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - John M. Slattery
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für
Anorganische und Analytische
Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) and Freiburg Institute
for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) Section Soft Matter Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Huang Q, Wu Y, Dan J. Cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether coinitiated with heteropolyacid or its salts in aqueous medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li BT, Wu YX, Cheng H, Liu WH. Synthesis of linear isotactic-rich poly(p-methylstyrene) via cationic polymerization coinitiated with AlCl3. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mathers RT, Lewis SP. Aqueous cationic olefin polymerization using tris(pentafluorophenyl)gallium and aluminum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li Y, Cokoja M, Kühn FE. Inorganic/organometallic catalysts and initiators involving weakly coordinating anions for isobutene polymerisation. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu Q, Wu Y, Yan P, Zhang Y, Xu R. Polyisobutylene with High exo-Olefin Content via β-H Elimination in the Cationic Polymerization of Isobutylene with H2O/FeCl3/Dialkyl Ether Initiating System. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1027017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of carbon fiber and functional polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yixian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of carbon fiber and functional polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of carbon fiber and functional polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of carbon fiber and functional polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Riwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of carbon fiber and functional polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Liu Q, Wu YX, Zhang Y, Yan PF, Xu RW. A cost-effective process for highly reactive polyisobutylenes via cationic polymerization coinitiated by AlCl3. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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