1
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Hao Z, Yue X, Zhou X, Ma Z, Han Z, Lin J, Lu G. Selective Oxidation of C (sp
3
)−H Bonds Enabled by Ruthenium Clusters Containing Pyridine‐alkoxide Ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hao
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center (Hebei Normal University), Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yue
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center (Hebei Normal University), Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center (Hebei Normal University), Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- School of Pharmacy Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangang Han
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center (Hebei Normal University), Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Lin
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center (Hebei Normal University), Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Liang Lu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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2
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Wang XL, Chiang NY, Peng JJ, Yu L, Xu LJ, Yang HR, Jin BY, Zhang P, Lai YY, Li Z, Lai GQ, Luh TY. A Fischer-Type Ruthenium Carbene Complex as a Metathesis Catalyst for the Synthesis of Enol Ethers. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17629-17639. [PMID: 34846148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Grubbs G-I or G-II catalyst gives the ruthenium ethoxy carbene complex, which catalyzes ring-opening cross metathesis (ROCM) of a strained cyclic alkene to give a diene where one of the two alkene moieties in the product contains an ethoxy substituent. No polymeric products are detected. Hydrocarbons such as parent norbornene or substituted cyclopropenes can proceed with the reaction smoothly. Tertiary amines, N-alkylimides, esters, and aryl or alkyl bromides remain intact under the reaction conditions. In addition to vinyl ethers, vinylic esters can also be used. The time required to reach a 50% yield of the ROCM product t50 varies from 0.01 to 140 h depending on the strain and nucleophilicity of the double bond. Anchimeric participation of an electron-rich group would result in significant enhancement of the reactivity, and the t50 could be as short as several minutes. A similar substrate without such a neighboring group shows a much slower rate. An exo-norborne derivative reacts much faster than the corresponding endo-isomer. Alkenes with poor nucleophilicity are less favored for the ROCM process, so is less strained cyclooctene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | | | - Jian-Jhih Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hau-Ren Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bih-Yaw Jin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pinglu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yu-Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guo-Qiao Lai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Meikle TG, Keizer DW, Babon JJ, Drummond CJ, Separovic F, Conn CE, Yao S. Chemical Exchange of Hydroxyl Groups in Lipidic Cubic Phases Characterized by NMR. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:571-580. [PMID: 33251799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proton transportation in proximity to the lipid bilayer membrane surface, where chemical exchange represents a primary pathway, is of significant interest in many applications including cellular energy turnover underlying ATP synthesis, transmembrane mobility, and transport. Lipidic inverse bicontinuous cubic phases (LCPs) are unique membrane structures formed via the spontaneous self-assembly of certain lipids in an aqueous environment. They feature two networks of water channels, separated by a single lipid bilayer which approximates the geometry of a triply periodic minimal surface. When composed of monoolein, the LCP bilayer features two glycerol hydroxyl groups at the lipid-water interface which undergo exchange with water. Depending on the conditions of the aqueous solution used in the formation of LCPs, both resonances of the glycerol hydroxyl groups may be observed by solution 1H NMR. In this study, PFG-NMR and 1D EXSY were employed to gain insight into chemical exchange between the monoolein hydroxyl groups and water in LCPs. Results including the relative population of hydroxyl protons in exchange with water for a number of LCPs at different hydration levels and the exchange rate constants at 35 wt % hydration are reported. Several technical aspects of PFG-NMR and EXSY-NMR for the characterization of chemical exchange in LCPs are discussed, including an alternative way to analyze PFG-NMR data of exchange systems which overcomes the inherent low sensitivity at high diffusion encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Meikle
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - David W Keizer
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Charlotte E Conn
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shenggen Yao
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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4
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Yarolimek MR, Coia BM, Bookbinder HR, Kennemur JG. Investigating the effect of α-pinene on the ROMP of δ-pinene. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ring opening metathesis polymerization of δ-pinene with varying amounts of α-pinene is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Yarolimek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Brianna M. Coia
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Heather R. Bookbinder
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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5
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Jawiczuk M, Młodzikowska-Pieńko K, Trzaskowski B. Impact of the olefin structure on the catalytic cycle and decomposition rates of Hoveyda-Grubbs metathesis catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13062-13069. [PMID: 32478784 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01798a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A relatively fast degradation of ruthenium catalysts in the presence of selected olefins, and ethylene in particular, is one of the bottlenecks in their use in metathesis reactions. Here we explore the structure-activity relationships between the rate of degradation of Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts and the structure of olefins by means of DFT calculations. We show that (Z)-1,2-dichloroethene can't form stable complexes with a 14-electron active complex due to a strong inductive electron withdrawal effect. Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts can be, however, used to convert (Z)-1,2-dichloroethene to (E)-1,2-dichloroethene due to differences in crucial barriers in the catalytic cycle for E/Z isomers. Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts in the presence of both isomers of 1,2-dimethoxyethene and 1,2-dichloroethene are predicted to be very stable in the unproductive metathesis, while for monosubstituted olefins the methoxyethene presence gives relatively low barriers for crucial degradation transition states and can readily undergo decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jawiczuk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
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6
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Jawiczuk M, Młodzikowska-Pieńko K, Osella S, Trzaskowski B. Molecular Modeling of Mechanisms of Decomposition of Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts by Acrylonitrile. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jawiczuk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Młodzikowska-Pieńko
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Silvio Osella
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
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7
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Paredes-Gil K, Mendizábal F, Jaque P. Further understanding of the Ru-centered [2+2] cycloreversion/cycloaddition involved into the interconversion of ruthenacyclobutane using the Grubbs catalysts from a reaction force analysis. J Mol Model 2019; 25:305. [PMID: 31494753 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reactivity of the first- and second-generation Grubbs catalysts has always been a significant issue in olefin metathesis. In the present work, we study the [2+2] cycloreversion/cycloaddition and the alkylidene rotation involved into the interconversion of the ruthenacyclobutane intermediate, through the reaction force and reaction force constant analysis. It has been found that the structural contribution controls the barrier energy in the interconversion of ruthenacyclobutane via [2+2] cycloreversion/cycloaddition, which is slightly lower in the second generation of Grubbs catalysts while its electronic contribution is slightly higher, which unveils a major rigidity and donor/acceptor properties of the NHC. This finding explains a greater structural contribution in the rate constant. Moreover, on the basis of the reaction force constant, the process can be classified as "two-stage"-concerted reactions, noting a more asynchronous process when the first generation is used as a catalyst.Finally, a similar analysis into the alkylidene rotation was performed. It was determined that [2+2] cycloreversion and alkylidene rotations take place in a sequential manner, the energy barrier is again controlled by structural reorganization, and the pathway is less asynchronous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Paredes-Gil
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fernando Mendizábal
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Jaque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Peschek N, Wannowius KJ, Plenio H. The Initiation Reaction of Hoveyda–Grubbs Complexes with Ethene. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Peschek
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jürgen Wannowius
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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9
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Singh A, Mobin SM, Mathur P. Preparation of the Ru 3(CO) 8-pyridine-alcohol cluster and its use for the selective catalytic transformation of primary to secondary amines. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14033-14040. [PMID: 30232491 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02972e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of pyridine alcohol based ruthenium carbonyl clusters Ru3(hep)2(CO)8 (1), Ru3(hpp)2(CO)8 (2), and Ru3(bhmp-H)2(CO)8 (3) {hep-H = 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridine, hpp-H = 2-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyridine and bhmp-H2 = 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine} has been carried out by the reaction of the corresponding pyridine-alcohol ligands with Ru3(CO)12. Clusters 1-3 have been characterized using elemental analysis, NMR, FT-IR, mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray structures. The clusters were explored for the selective catalytic transformation of primary amines into secondary amines using alcohols as the mono-alkylating agents via hydrogen transfer reactions. All three display efficient catalytic activity with 1 being the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India.
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10
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Ogba OM, Warner NC, O'Leary DJ, Grubbs RH. Recent advances in ruthenium-based olefin metathesis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4510-4544. [PMID: 29714397 PMCID: PMC6107346 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts, known for their functional group tolerance and broad applicability in organic synthesis and polymer science, continue to evolve as an enabling technology in these areas. A discussion of recent mechanistic investigations is followed by an overview of selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Ogba
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91775, USA.
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11
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Luo SX, Engle KM, Dong X, Hejl A, Takase MK, Henling LM, Liu P, Houk KN, Grubbs RH. An Initiation Kinetics Prediction Model Enables Rational Design of Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Bearing Modified Chelating Benzylidenes. ACS Catal 2018; 8:4600-4611. [PMID: 32528741 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of second-generation ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts with desired initiation rates can be enabled by a computational model that depends on a single thermodynamic parameter. Using a computational model with no assumption about the specific initiation mechanism, the initiation kinetics of a spectrum of second-generation ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts bearing modified chelating ortho-alkoxy benzylidenes were predicted in this work. Experimental tests of the validity of the computational model were achieved by the synthesis of a series of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts and investigation of initiation rates by UV/Vis kinetics, NMR spectroscopy, and structural characterization by X-ray crystallography. Included in this series of catalysts were thirteen catalysts bearing alkoxy groups with varied steric bulk on the chelating benzylidene, ranging from ethoxy to dicyclohexylmethoxy groups. The experimentally observed initiation kinetics of the synthesized catalysts were in good accordance with computational predictions. Notably, the fast initiation rate of the dicyclohexylmethoxy catalyst was successfully predicted by the model, and this complex is believed to be among the fastest initiating Hoveyda-Grubbs-type catalysts reported to date. The compatibility of the predictive model with other catalyst families, including those bearing alternative NHC ligands or disubstituted alkoxy benzylidenes, was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xiong Luo
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew Hejl
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Michael K. Takase
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lawrence M. Henling
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Harvey
- US Navy Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) Research Department Chemistry Division 93555 China Lake California USA
| | - Richard D. Ernst
- Inorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Utah 84112 Salt Lake City Utah USA
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13
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Bidange J, Fischmeister C, Bruneau C. Ethenolysis: A Green Catalytic Tool to Cleave Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds. Chemistry 2016; 22:12226-44. [PMID: 27359344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable innovations have been made in the field of olefin metathesis due to the design and preparation of new catalysts. Ethenolysis, which is cross-metathesis with ethylene, represents one catalytic transformation that has been used with the purpose of cleaving internal carbon-carbon double bonds. The objectives were either the ring opening of cyclic olefins to produce dienes or the shortening of unsaturated hydrocarbon chains to degrade polymers or generate valuable shorter terminal olefins in a controlled manner. This Review summarizes several aspects of this reaction: the catalysts, their degradation in the presence of ethylene, some parameters driving their productivity, the side reactions, and the applications of ethenolysis in organic synthesis and in potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bidange
- UMR 6226, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis, Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Fischmeister
- UMR 6226, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis, Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Christian Bruneau
- UMR 6226, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis, Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France.
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14
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Chen CR, Lai YX, Wu RY, Liu YH, Lin YC. Cyclization of 2-Ethynylphenyl Vinyl Ether Catalyzed by a Ruthenium Complex: Mechanism of Catalytic Cyclization and Stoichiometric Cycloisomerization. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ren Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. Taipei 10617, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ying-Xuan Lai
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. Taipei 10617, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Rong-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. Taipei 10617, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. Taipei 10617, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. Taipei 10617, Taiwan R.O.C
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15
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Chen P. Designing Sequence Selectivity into a Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Catalyst. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1052-60. [PMID: 27105333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of a chemoselective catalyst for the sequence-selective copolymerization of two cycloolefins by ring-opening metathesis polymerization is described, starting with the mechanistic work that established the structure of the key metallacyclobutane intermediate. Experimental and computational investigations converged to a conclusion that the lowest energy metallacyclobutane intermediate in the ruthenium carbene-catalyzed metathesis reaction had the four-membered ring trans to the phosphine or NHC ligand. The trans-metallacyclobutane structure, for the case of a degenerate metathesis reaction catalyzed by a Grubbs first-generation complex, necessitated a rotation of the 3-fold symmetric tricyclohexylphosphine ligand, with respect to the 2-fold symmetric metallacyclobutane substructure. The degeneracy could be lifted by constraining the rotation. Lifting the degeneracy created the possibility of chemoselectivity. This mechanistic work led to a concept for the "tick-tock" catalyst for a chemoselective, alternating copolymerization of cyclooctene and norbornene from a mixture of the two monomers. The design concept could be post facto elaborated in terms of stereochemistry and topological theory, both viewpoints providing deeper insight into the design of selectivity into the catalytic reaction. The iterative interaction of theory and experiment provided the basis for the rational design and optimization of a new selectivity into an existing catalytic system with decidedly modest structural modifications of the original carbene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chen
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Griffiths JR, Keister JB, Diver ST. From Resting State to the Steady State: Mechanistic Studies of Ene-Yne Metathesis Promoted by the Hoveyda Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5380-91. [PMID: 27076098 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of intermolecular ene-yne metathesis (EYM) with the Hoveyda precatalyst (Ru1) has been studied. For 1-hexene metathesis with 2-benzoyloxy-3-butyne, the experimental rate law was determined to be first-order in 1-hexene (0.3-4 M), first-order in initial catalyst concentration, and zero-order for the terminal alkyne. At low catalyst concentrations (0.1 mM), the rate of precatalyst initiation was observed by UV-vis and the alkyne disappearance was observed by in situ FT-IR. Comparison of the rate of precatalyst initiation and the rate of EYM shows that a low, steady-state concentration of active catalyst is rapidly produced. Application of steady-state conditions to the carbene intermediates provided a rate treatment that fit the experimental rate law. Starting from a ruthenium alkylidene complex, competition between 2-isopropoxystyrene and 1-hexene gave a mixture of 2-isopropoxyarylidene and pentylidene species, which were trappable by the Buchner reaction. By varying the relative concentration of these alkenes, 2-isopropoxystyrene was found to be 80 times more effective than 1-hexene in production of their respective Ru complexes. Buchner-trapping of the initiation of Ru1 with excess 1-hexene after 50% loss of Ru1 gave 99% of the Buchner-trapping product derived from precatalyst Ru1. For the initiation process, this shows that there is an alkene-dependent loss of precatalyst Ru1, but this does not directly produce the active catalyst. A faster initiating precatalyst for alkene metathesis gave similar rates of EYM. Buchner-trapping of ene-yne metathesis failed to deliver any products derived from Buchner insertion, consistent with rapid decomposition of carbene intermediates under ene-yne conditions. An internal alkyne, 1,4-diacetoxy-2-butyne, was found to obey a different rate law. Finally, the second-order rate constant for ene-yne metathesis was compared to that previously determined by the Grubbs second-generation carbene complex: Ru1 was found to promote ene-yne metathesis 62 times faster at the same initial precatalyst concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Griffiths
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Jerome B Keister
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Steven T Diver
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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17
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Torker S, Koh MJ, Khan RKM, Hoveyda AH. Regarding a Persisting Puzzle in Olefin Metathesis with Ru Complexes: Why are Transformations of Alkenes with a Small Substituent Z-Selective? Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - R. Kashif M. Khan
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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18
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Nelson DJ, Manzini S, Urbina-Blanco CA, Nolan SP. Key processes in ruthenium-catalysed olefin metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:10355-75. [PMID: 24931143 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the fundamental series of [2+2]cycloadditions and retro[2+2]cycloadditions that make up the pathways of ruthenium-catalysed metathesis reactions is well-established, the exploration of mechanistic aspects of alkene metathesis continues. In this Feature Article, modern mechanistic studies of the alkene metathesis reaction, catalysed by well-defined ruthenium complexes, are discussed. Broadly, these concern the processes of pre-catalyst initiation, propagation and decomposition, which all have a considerable impact on the overall efficiency of metathesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Nelson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
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19
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20
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Paredes-Gil K, Solans-Monfort X, Rodriguez-Santiago L, Sodupe M, Jaque P. DFT Study on the Relative Stabilities of Substituted Ruthenacyclobutane Intermediates Involved in Olefin Cross-Metathesis Reactions and Their Interconversion Pathways. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Paredes-Gil
- Departamento
de Ciencias Quı́micas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Mariona Sodupe
- Departament
de Quı́mica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pablo Jaque
- Departamento
de Ciencias Quı́micas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Hoveyda AH. Evolution of catalytic stereoselective olefin metathesis: from ancillary transformation to purveyor of stereochemical identity. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4763-92. [PMID: 24720633 PMCID: PMC4049245 DOI: 10.1021/jo500467z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There have been numerous significant advances in catalytic olefin metathesis (OM) during the past two decades. Such progress has transformed this important set of reactions to strategically pivotal processes that generate stereochemical identity while delivering molecules that cannot be easily prepared by alternative routes. In this Perspective, an analysis of the origin of the inception of bidentate benzylidene ligands for Ru-based OM catalysts is first presented. This is followed by an overview of the intellectual basis that culminated in the development of Mo-based diolates and stereogenic-at-Ru complexes for enantioselective OM. The principles accrued from the study of the latter Ru carbenes and Mo alkylidenes and utilized in the design of stereogenic-at-Mo, -W, and -Ru species applicable to enantioselective and Z-selective OM are then discussed. The influence of the recently introduced catalytic OM protocols on the design of synthesis routes leading to complex organic molecules is probed. The impact of a better understanding of the mechanistic nuances of OM toward the discovery of stereoselective catalysts is reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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22
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Torker S, Khan RKM, Hoveyda AH. The influence of anionic ligands on stereoisomerism of Ru carbenes and their importance to efficiency and selectivity of catalytic olefin metathesis reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3439-55. [PMID: 24533571 DOI: 10.1021/ja410606b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigations detailed herein provide insight regarding the mechanism of stereochemical inversion of stereogenic-at-Ru carbene complexes through a nonolefin metathesis-based polytopal rearrangement pathway. Computational analyses (DFT) reveal that there are two key factors that generate sufficient energy barriers that are responsible for the possibility of isolation and characterization of high-energy, but kinetically stable, intermediates: (1) donor-donor interactions that involve the anionic ligands and the strongly electron donating carbene groups and (2) dipolar effects arising from the syn relationship between the anionic groups (iodide and phenoxide). We demonstrate that a Brønsted acid lowers barriers to facilitate isomerization, and that the positive influence of a proton source is the result of its ability to diminish the repulsive electronic interactions originating from the anionic ligands. The implications of the present studies regarding a more sophisticated knowledge of the role of anionic units on the efficiency of Ru-catalyzed olefin metathesis reactions are discussed. The electronic basis for the increased facility with which allylic alcohols participate in olefin metathesis processes will be presented as well. Finally, we illustrate how a better understanding of the role of anionic ligands has served as the basis for successful design of Ru-based Z-selective catalysts for alkene metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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23
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Valyaev DA, Bastin S, Utegenov KI, Lugan N, Lavigne G, Ustynyuk NA. A Direct, Modular, and Efficient Construction of the PCP Structural Motif through Coupling of Manganese Carbyne Complexes with Phosphines. Chemistry 2014; 20:2175-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Lummiss JAM, Ireland BJ, Sommers JM, Fogg DE. Amine-Mediated Degradation in Olefin Metathesis Reactions that Employ the Second-Generation Grubbs Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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The Influence of Structure on Reactivity in Alkene Metathesis. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800256-8.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Cyclometalated Ruthenium Alkylidene Complexes: A Powerful Family of Z-Selective Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2014_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Gregg TM, Keister JB, Diver ST. Inhibitory Effect of Ethylene in Ene–Yne Metathesis: The Case for Ruthenacyclobutane Resting States. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16777-80. [PMID: 24187985 DOI: 10.1021/ja4085012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Gregg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, United States
| | - Jerome B. Keister
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Steven T. Diver
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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28
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2011. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Núñez-Zarur F, Solans-Monfort X, Pleixats R, Rodríguez-Santiago L, Sodupe M. DFT Study on the Recovery of Hoveyda-Grubbs-Type Catalyst Precursors in Enyne and Diene Ring-Closing Metathesis. Chemistry 2013; 19:14553-65. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Ashworth IW, Hillier IH, Nelson DJ, Percy JM, Vincent MA. Olefin Metathesis by Grubbs–Hoveyda Complexes: Computational and Experimental Studies of the Mechanism and Substrate-Dependent Kinetics. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400164w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Ashworth
- Global Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Charter Way,
Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Ian H. Hillier
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13
9PL, U.K
| | - David J. Nelson
- WestCHEM, Department
of Pure and
Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Jonathan M. Percy
- WestCHEM, Department
of Pure and
Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Mark A. Vincent
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13
9PL, U.K
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31
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Khan RKM, Torker S, Hoveyda AH. Readily Accessible and Easily Modifiable Ru-Based Catalysts for Efficient and Z-Selective Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization and Ring-Opening/Cross-Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10258-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja404208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Kashif M. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467,
United States
| | - Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467,
United States
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467,
United States
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32
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Wang ZJ, Jackson WR, Robinson AJ. An Efficient Protocol for the Cross-Metathesis of Sterically Demanding Olefins. Org Lett 2013; 15:3006-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401194h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen J. Wang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - W. Roy Jackson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea J. Robinson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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33
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Bai XF, Xu LW, Zheng LS, Jiang JX, Lai GQ, Shang JY. Aromatic-Amide-Derived Olefins as a Springboard: Isomerization-Initiated Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Olefins and Reductive Decarbonylation of Acyl Chlorides with Hydrosilane. Chemistry 2012; 18:8174-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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35
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Thiel V, Hendann M, Wannowius KJ, Plenio H. On the Mechanism of the Initiation Reaction in Grubbs–Hoveyda Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:1104-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208967h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Thiel
- Organometallic Chemistry, FB Chemie, Petersenstr. 18, 64287 Darmstadt, TU Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marina Hendann
- Organometallic Chemistry, FB Chemie, Petersenstr. 18, 64287 Darmstadt, TU Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jürgen Wannowius
- Organometallic Chemistry, FB Chemie, Petersenstr. 18, 64287 Darmstadt, TU Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry, FB Chemie, Petersenstr. 18, 64287 Darmstadt, TU Darmstadt, Germany
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36
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Keitz BK, Grubbs RH. Probing the origin of degenerate metathesis selectivity via characterization and dynamics of ruthenacyclobutanes containing variable NHCs. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16277-84. [PMID: 21919449 DOI: 10.1021/ja207252r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of new phosphonium alkylidene ruthenium metathesis catalysts containing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) that result in a preference for degenerate metathesis is described. The reaction of the catalysts with ethylene or substrates relevant to ring-closing metathesis (RCM) produced ruthenacyclobutanes that could be characterized by cryogenic NMR spectroscopy. The rate of α/β methylene exchange in ethylene-only ruthenacycles was found to vary widely between ruthenacycles, in some cases being as low as 3.97 s(-1) at -30 °C, suggesting that the NHC plays an important role in degenerative metathesis reactions. Attempts to generate RCM-relevant ruthenacycles resulted in the low-yielding formation of a previously unobserved species, which we assign to be a β-alkyl-substituted ruthenacycle. Kinetic investigations of the RCM-relevant ruthenacycles in the presence of excess ethylene revealed a large increase in the kinetic barrier of the rate-limiting dissociation of the cyclopentene RCM product compared with previously investigated catalysts. Taken together, these results shed light on the degenerate/productive selectivity differences observed for different metathesis catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Keitz
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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37
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Gallenkamp D, Fürstner A. Stereoselective Synthesis of E,Z-Configured 1,3-Dienes by Ring-Closing Metathesis. Application to the Total Synthesis of Lactimidomycin. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9232-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2031085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gallenkamp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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