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Huang C, Yang Y, Li M, Qi X, Pan C, Guo K, Bao L, Lu X. Ultrahigh Capacity from Complexation-Enabled Aluminum-Ion Batteries with C 70 as the Cathode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306244. [PMID: 37815787 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Restricted by the available energy storage modes, currently rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries (RABs) can only provide a very limited experimental capacity, regardless of the very high gravimetric capacity of Al (2980 mAh g-1 ). Here, a novel complexation mechanism is reported for energy storage in RABs by utilizing 0D fullerene C70 as the cathode. This mechanism enables remarkable discharge voltage (≈1.65 V) and especially a record-high reversible specific capacity (750 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1 ) of RABs. By means of in situ Raman monitoring, mass spectrometry, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is found that this elevated capacity is attributed to the direct complexation of one C70 molecule with 23.5 (super)halogen moieties (superhalogen AlCl4 and/or halogen Cl) in average, forming (super)halogenated C70 ·(AlCl4 )m Cln-m complexes. Upon discharging, decomplexation of C70 ·(AlCl4 )m Cln-m releases AlCl4 - /Cl- ions while preserving the intact fullerene cage. This work provides a new route to realize high-capacity and long-life batteries following the complexation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Li
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Changwang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lipiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, No. 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, P.R.China
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Stepin EA, Sushko ES, Vnukova NG, Churilov GN, Rogova AV, Tomilin FN, Kudryasheva NS. Effects of Endohedral Gd-Containing Fullerenols with a Different Number of Oxygen Substituents on Bacterial Bioluminescence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:708. [PMID: 38255785 PMCID: PMC10815327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-containing fullerenols are perspective agents for magnetic resonance imaging and cancer research. They combine the unique paramagnetic properties of Gd with solubility in water, low toxicity and antiradical activity of fullerenols. We compared the bioeffects of two Gd-containing fullerenols with a different number of oxygen groups-20 and 42: Gd@C82O20H14 and Gd@C82O42H32. The bioluminescent bacteria-based assay was applied to monitor the toxicity of fullerenols, bioluminescence was applied as a signal physiological parameter, and bacterial enzyme-based assay was used to evaluate the fullerenol effects on enzymatic intracellular processes. Chemiluminescence luminol assay was applied to monitor the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial and enzymatic media. It was shown that Gd@C82O42H32 and Gd@C82O20H14 inhibited bacterial bioluminescence at >10-1 and >10-2 gL-1, respectively, revealing a lower toxicity of Gd@C82O42H32. Low-concentration (10-3-10-1 gL-1) bacterial bioluminescence activation by Gd@C82O42H32 was observed, while this activation was not found under exposure to Gd@C82O20H14. Additional carboxyl groups in the structure of Gd@C82O42H32 were determined by infrared spectroscopy and confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. The groups were supposed to endow Gd@C82O42H32 with higher penetration ability through the cellular membrane, activation ability, lower toxicity, balancing of the ROS content in the bacterial suspensions, and lower aggregation in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evsei A. Stepin
- Biophysics Department, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.S.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Sushko
- Biophysics Department, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
| | - Natalia G. Vnukova
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
- Department of Solid State Physics and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660074 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Grigoriy N. Churilov
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
- Department of Solid State Physics and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660074 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Rogova
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, 660025 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Felix N. Tomilin
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, 660025 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva
- Biophysics Department, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Structure and Vibrational Spectroscopy of C 82 Fullerenol Valent Isomers: An Experimental and Theoretical Joint Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041569. [PMID: 36838557 PMCID: PMC9965979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gd@C82OxHy endohedral complexes for advanced biomedical applications (computer tomography, cancer treatment, etc.) were synthesized using high-frequency arc plasma discharge through a mixture of graphite and Gd2O3 oxide. The Gd@C82 endohedral complex was isolated by high-efficiency liquid chromatography and consequently oxidized with the formation of a family of Gd endohedral fullerenols with gross formula Gd@C82O8(OH)20. Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the structure and spectroscopic properties of the complexes in combination with the DFTB3 electronic structure calculations and infrared spectra simulations. It was shown that the main IR spectral features are formed by a fullerenole C82 cage that allows one to consider the force constants at the DFTB3 level of theory without consideration of gadolinium endohedral ions inside the carbon cage. Based on the comparison of experimental FTIR and theoretical DFTB3 IR spectra, it was found that oxidation of the C82 cage causes the formation of Gd@C82O28H20, with a breakdown of the integrity of the parent C82 cage with the formation of pores between neighboring carbonyl and carboxyl groups. The Gd@C82O6(OOH)2(OH)18 endohedral complex with epoxy, carbonyl and carboxyl groups was considered the most reliable fullerenole structural model.
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Lebedev VT, Charykov NA, Shemchuk OS, Murin IV, Nerukh DA, Petrov AV, Maystrenko DN, Molchanov OE, Sharoyko VV, Semenov KN. Endometallofullerenes and their derivatives: Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Perspective Application in Biomedicine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sushko ES, Vnukova NG, Churilov GN, Kudryasheva NS. Endohedral Gd-Containing Fullerenol: Toxicity, Antioxidant Activity, and Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cellular and Enzymatic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095152. [PMID: 35563539 PMCID: PMC9106034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gd-containing metallofullerene derivatives are perspective magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. We studied the bioeffects of a water-soluble fullerene derivative, gadolinium-endohedral fullerenol, with 40−42 oxygen groups (Gd@Fln). Bioluminescent cellular and enzymatic assays were applied to monitor toxicity and antioxidant activity of Gd@Fln in model solutions; bioluminescence was applied as a signaling physiological parameter. The Gd@Fln inhibited bioluminescence at high concentrations (>2·10−1 gL−1), revealing lower toxicity as compared to the previously studied fullerenols. Efficient activation of bioluminescence (up to almost 100%) and consumption of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial suspension were observed under low-concentration exposure to Gd@Fln (10−3−2·10−1 gL−1). Antioxidant capability of Gd@Fln was studied under conditions of model oxidative stress (i.e., solutions of model organic and inorganic oxidizers); antioxidant coefficients of Gd@Fln were determined at different concentrations and times of exposure. Contents of ROS were evaluated and correlations with toxicity/antioxidant coefficients were determined. The bioeffects of Gd@Fln were explained by hydrophobic interactions, electron affinity, and disturbing of ROS balance in the bioluminescence systems. The results contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of “hormetic” cellular responses. Advantages of the bioluminescence assays to compare bioeffects of fullerenols based on their structural characteristics were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S. Sushko
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-3912-494-242
| | - Natalia G. Vnukova
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.)
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Grigoriy N. Churilov
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.)
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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6
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Yang W, Velkos G, Sudarkova S, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Liu F, Popov AA, Chen N. Carbon cage isomers and magnetic Dy⋯Dy interactions in Dy 2O@C 88 and Dy 2C 2@C 88 metallofullerenes. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01796b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isomers of Dy2O@C88 and Dy2C2@C88 show a strong variation in the type and strength of Dy⋯Dy superexchange interactions and magnetization relaxation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Svetlana Sudarkova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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7
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Synthesis, Mass Spectroscopy Detection, and Density Functional Theory Investigations of the Gd Endohedral Complexes of C82 Fullerenols. COMPUTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/computation9050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gd endohedral complexes of C82 fullerenols were synthesized and mass spectrometry analysis of their composition was carried out. It was established that the synthesis yields a series of fullerenols Gd@C82Ox(OH)y (x = 0, 3; y = 8, 16, 24, 36, 44). The atomic and electronic structure and properties of the synthesized fullerenols were investigated using the density functional theory calculations. It was shown that the presence of endohedral gadolinium increases the reactivity of fullerenols. It is proposed that the high-spin endohedral fullerenols are promising candidates for application in magnetic resonance imaging.
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Fuertes-Espinosa C, Pujals M, Ribas X. Supramolecular Purification and Regioselective Functionalization of Fullerenes and Endohedral Metallofullerenes. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fuertes-Espinosa C, Murillo J, Soto ME, Ceron MR, Morales-Martínez R, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Echegoyen L, Ribas X. Highly selective encapsulation and purification of U-based C 78-EMFs within a supramolecular nanocapsule. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23035-23041. [PMID: 31774082 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07660c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the tetragonal prismatic nanocapsule 1·(BArF)8 to selectively encapsulate U-based C78 EMFs from a soot mixture is reported, showing enhanced affinity for C78-based EMFs over C80-based EMFs. Molecular recognition driven by the electrostatic interactions between the host and guest is at the basis of the high selectivity observed for ellipsoidal C78-based EMFs compared to spherical C80-based EMFs. In addition, DFT analysis points towards an enhanced breathing adaptability of nanocapsule 1·(BArF)8 to C78-based EMFs to further explain the selectivity observed when the host is used in the solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Fuertes-Espinosa
- QBIS-CAT group, IQCC and Dept. Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
| | - Marco E Soto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
| | - Maira R Ceron
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
| | - Roser Morales-Martínez
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
| | - Xavi Ribas
- QBIS-CAT group, IQCC and Dept. Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Yang W, Velkos G, Liu F, Sudarkova SM, Wang Y, Zhuang J, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang X, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA, Chen N. Single Molecule Magnetism with Strong Magnetic Anisotropy and Enhanced Dy∙∙∙Dy Coupling in Three Isomers of Dy-Oxide Clusterfullerene Dy 2O@C 82. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901352. [PMID: 31637168 PMCID: PMC6794633 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new class of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) based on Dy-oxide clusterfullerenes is synthesized. Three isomers of Dy2O@C82 with C s(6), C 3v(8), and C 2v(9) cage symmetries are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which shows that the endohedral Dy-(µ2-O)-Dy cluster has bent shape with very short Dy-O bonds. Dy2O@C82 isomers show SMM behavior with broad magnetic hysteresis, but the temperature and magnetization relaxation depend strongly on the fullerene cage. The short Dy-O distances and the large negative charge of the oxide ion in Dy2O@C82 result in the very strong magnetic anisotropy of Dy ions. Their magnetic moments are aligned along the Dy-O bonds and are antiferromagnetically (AFM) coupled. At low temperatures, relaxation of magnetization in Dy2O@C82 proceeds via the ferromagnetically (FM)-coupled excited state, giving Arrhenius behavior with the effective barriers equal to the AFM-FM energy difference. The AFM-FM energy differences of 5.4-12.9 cm-1 in Dy2O@C82 are considerably larger than in SMMs with {Dy2O2} bridges, and the Dy∙∙∙Dy exchange coupling in Dy2O@C82 is the strongest among all dinuclear Dy SMMs with diamagnetic bridges. Dy-oxide clusterfullerenes provide a playground for the further tuning of molecular magnetism via variation of the size and shape of the fullerene cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Svetlana M. Sudarkova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhuang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Hanning Zhang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Ning Chen
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
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Jin P, Li Y, Magagula S, Chen Z. Exohedral functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes: Interplay between inside and outside. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Kovel ES, Sachkova AS, Vnukova NG, Churilov GN, Knyazeva EM, Kudryasheva NS. Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Fullerenols via Bioluminescence Signaling: Role of Oxygen Substituents. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092324. [PMID: 31083407 PMCID: PMC6539272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fullerenols are nanosized water-soluble polyhydroxylated derivatives of fullerenes, a specific allotropic form of carbon, bioactive compounds, and perspective basis for drug development. Our paper analyzes the antioxidant activity and toxicity of a series of fullerenols with different number of oxygen substituents. Two groups of fullerenols were under investigation: (1) C60Oy(OH)x, C60,70Oy(OH)x, where x+y = 24–28 and (2) C60,70Oy(OH)x, Fe0,5C60Oy(OH)x, Gd@C82Oy(OH)x, where x+y = 40–42. Bioluminescent cellular and enzymatic assays (luminous marine bacteria and their enzymatic reactions, respectively) were applied to monitor toxicity in the model fullerenol solutions and bioluminescence was applied as a signaling physiological parameter. The inhibiting concentrations of the fullerenols were determined, revealing the fullerenols’ toxic effects. Antioxidant fullerenol’ ability was studied in solutions of model oxidizer, 1,4-benzoquinone, and detoxification coefficients of general and oxidative types (DGT and DOxT) were calculated. All fullerenols produced toxic effect at high concentrations (>0.01 g L−1), while their antioxidant activity was demonstrated at low and ultralow concentrations (<0.001 g L−1). Quantitative toxic and antioxidant characteristics of the fullerenols (effective concentrations, concentration ranges, DGT, and DOxT) were found to depend on the number of oxygen substituents. Lower toxicity and higher antioxidant activity were determined in solutions of fullerenols with fewer oxygen substituents (x+y = 24–28). The differences in fullerenol properties were attributed to their catalytic activity due to reversible electron acceptance, radical trapping, and balance of reactive oxygen species in aqueous solutions. The results provide pharmaceutical sciences with a basis for selection of carbon nanoparticles with appropriate toxic and antioxidant characteristics. Based on the results, we recommend, to reduce the toxicity of prospective endohedral gadolinium-fullerenol preparations Gd@C82Oy(OH)x, decreasing the number of oxygen groups to x+y = 24–28. The potential of bioluminescence methods to compare toxic and antioxidant characteristics of carbon nanostructures were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Kovel
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Anna S Sachkova
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Natalia G Vnukova
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Grigoriy N Churilov
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Elena M Knyazeva
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
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13
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Nakagawa A, Aoyagi S, Omachi H, Ishino K, Nishino M, Rio J, Ewels C, Shinohara H. Isolation and structure determination of missing fullerenes Gd@C 74(CF 3) n through in situ trifluoromethylation. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181015. [PMID: 30839731 PMCID: PMC6170568 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Our trifluoromethyl functionalization method enables the dissolution and isolation of missing metallofullerenes of Gd@C74(CF3) n . After multi-stage high-performance liquid chromatography purification, Gd@C74(CF3)3 and two regioisomers of Gd@C74(CF3) are isolated. X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals that all of the isolated metallofullerenes react with CF3 groups on pentagons of the D 3 h-symmetry C74 cages. Highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps of these trifluoromethylated derivatives, estimated by absorption spectra, are in the range 0.71-1.06 eV, consistent with density functional calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Haruka Omachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Katsuma Ishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Makiko Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Jeremy Rio
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS UMR6502, 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Chris Ewels
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS UMR6502, 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Hisanori Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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14
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Ewels C, Rio J, Niwa H, Omachi H, Shinohara H, Rayson M, Briddon P. Determining addition pathways and stable isomers for CF 3 functionalization of endohedral Gd@C 60. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180588. [PMID: 30839750 PMCID: PMC6170591 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory approaches, we follow the sequential addition of CF3 functional groups to the surface of the metallic endofullerene species Gd@C60. The presence of gadolinium in the interior of the cage strongly influences the addition sequence. The calculations are able to successfully identify end points in the addition sequence at Gd@C60(CF3) n , n = 3 and two isomers at n = 5, in predictive agreement with experiment. Inverting the algorithm to determine the most labile groups also identifies the correct positively charged Gd@ C 60 ( C F 3 ) 4 + isomer, as confirmed by experimental mass spectra. The importance of surface mobility, notably at later stage addition, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ewels
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS UMR6502, 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Jeremy Rio
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS UMR6502, 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Hiroyuki Niwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruka Omachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisanori Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya City University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mark Rayson
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Patrick Briddon
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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15
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Stevenson S, Tepper KR, Davison CM, Powers XB, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. Identifying a Needle in a Haystack: Isolation and Structural Characterization of Er
2
C
94
as the Carbide Er
2
C
2
@
D
3
(85)‐C
92. Chemistry 2018; 24:13479-13484. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University Fort Wayne 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA
| | - Katelyn R. Tepper
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University Fort Wayne 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA
| | - Cody M. Davison
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University Fort Wayne 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA
| | - Xian B. Powers
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Marilyn M. Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Alan L. Balch
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
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16
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Pan C, Bao L, Yu X, Fang H, Xie Y, Akasaka T, Lu X. Facile Access to Y 2C 2n (2n = 92-130) and Crystallographic Characterization of Y 2C 2@C 1(1660)-C 108: A Giant Nanocapsule with a Linear Carbide Cluster. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2065-2069. [PMID: 29400943 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of giant metallofullerenes Y2C2n (2n = 92-130) have been successfully obtained through the treatment of the fraction enriched by 1,2-dichlorobenzene with SnCl4. Subsequent chromatographic separation gives a pure sample with a composition of Y2C110. Crystallographic results reveal that this endohedral takes the carbide form, namely Y2C2@C1(1660)-C108, representing as the largest metallofullerene that has been characterized by crystallography to date. Despite the disorder of the metal cluster, the major Y2C2 adopts a previously predicted linear configuration, indicating that the compression of the internal cluster by the cage is almost negligible in this giant cage. Electrochemical studies suggest that Y2C2@C1(1660)-C108 is a good electron donor instead of an electron acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lipiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xianyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology , Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Hongyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunpeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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17
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Samoylova NA, Avdoshenko SM, Krylov DS, Thompson HR, Kirkhorn AC, Rosenkranz M, Schiemenz S, Ziegs F, Wolter AUB, Yang S, Stevenson S, Popov AA. Confining the spin between two metal atoms within the carbon cage: redox-active metal-metal bonds in dimetallofullerenes and their stable cation radicals. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:7977-7990. [PMID: 28574078 PMCID: PMC5544111 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02288c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-lanthanide bonds are exceptionally rare, and dimetallofullerenes provide a unique possibility to stabilize and study these unusual bonding patterns. The presence of metal-metal bonds and consequences thereof for the electronic properties of M2@C82 (M = Sc, Er, Lu) are addressed by electrochemistry, electron paramagnetic resonance, SQUID magnetometry and other spectroscopic techniques. A simplified non-chromatographic separation procedure is developed for the isolation of Er2@C82 (Cs(6) and C3v(8) cage isomers) and Sc2@C82 (C3v(8) isomer) from fullerene mixtures. Sulfide clusterfullerenes Er2S@C82 with Cs(6) and C3v(8) fullerene cages are synthesized for the first time. The metal-metal bonding orbital of the spd hybrid character in M2@C82 is shown to be the highest occupied molecular orbital, which undergoes reversible single-electron oxidation with a metal-dependent oxidation potential. Sulfide clusterfullerenes with a fullerene-based HOMO have more positive oxidation potentials. The metal-based oxidation of Sc2@C82-C3v is confirmed by the EPR spectrum of the cation radical [Sc2@C82-C3v]+ generated by chemical oxidation in solution. The spectrum exhibits an exceptionally large a(45Sc) hyperfine coupling constant of 199.2 G, indicating a substantial 4s contribution to the metal-metal bonding orbital. The cationic salt [Er2@C82-C3v]+SbCl6- is prepared, and its magnetization behavior is compared to that of pristine Er2@C82-C3v and Er2S@C82-C3v. The formation of the single-electron Er-Er bond in the cation dramatically changes the coupling between magnetic moments of Er ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A. Samoylova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannah R. Thompson
- Indiana-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Department of Chemistry, 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, IN 46835, USA
| | - Amelia C. Kirkhorn
- Indiana-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Department of Chemistry, 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, IN 46835, USA
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja U. B. Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Steven Stevenson
- Indiana-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Department of Chemistry, 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, IN 46835, USA
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Wang Z, Omachi H, Shinohara H. Non-Chromatographic Purification of Endohedral Metallofullerenes. Molecules 2017; 22:E718. [PMID: 28468241 PMCID: PMC6154004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purification of endohedral metallofullerenes by high performance liquid chromatography is very time-consuming and expensive. A number of rapid and inexpensive non-chromatographic methods have thus been developed for large-scale purification of metallofullerenes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in non-chromatographic purification methods of metallofullerenes. Lewis acid-based complexation is one of the most efficient and powerful methods for separation of metallofullerenes from empty fullerenes. The first oxidation potential of metallofullerenes is a critical factor that affects the separation efficiency of the Lewis acid-based method. Supramolecular methods are effective for separation of fullerenes and metallofullerenes that are different in size and shape. Chemical/electrochemical reduction and exohedral functionalization are also utilized to separate and purify metallofullerenes on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Haruka Omachi
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Hisanori Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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19
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Fuertes-Espinosa C, García-Simón C, Castro E, Costas M, Echegoyen L, Ribas X. A Copper-based Supramolecular Nanocapsule that Enables Straightforward Purification of Sc3N-based Endohedral Metallofullerene Soots. Chemistry 2017; 23:3553-3557. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carles Fuertes-Espinosa
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Cristina García-Simón
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at El Paso; 500 West University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at El Paso; 500 West University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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20
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Takano Y, Tashita R, Suzuki M, Nagase S, Imahori H, Akasaka T. Molecular Location Sensing Approach by Anisotropic Magnetism of an Endohedral Metallofullerene. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8000-6. [PMID: 27314267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Location recognition at the molecular scale provides valuable information about the nature of functional molecular materials. This study presents a novel location sensing approach based on an endohedral metallofullerene, Ce@C82, using its anisotropic magnetic properties, which lead to temperature-dependent paramagnetic shifts in (1)H NMR spectra. Five site-isomers of Ce@C82CH2-3,5-C6H3Me2 were synthesized to demonstrate the spatial sensing ability of Ce@C82. Single-crystal structures, absorption spectra, and density functional theory calculations were used to select the plausible addition positions in the radical coupling reaction, which preferentially happens on the carbon atoms with high electron density of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) and positive charge. Temperature-dependent NMR measurements demonstrated unique paramagnetic shifts of the (1)H peaks, which were derived from the anisotropic magnetism of the f-electron in the Ce atom of the isomers. It was found that the magnetic anisotropy axes can be easily predicted by theoretical calculations using the Gaussian 09 package. Further analysis revealed that the temperature-dependent trend in the shifts is clearly predictable from the distance and relative position of the proton from the Ce atom. Hence, the Ce-encapsulated metallofullerene Ce@C82 can provide spatial location information about nearby atoms through the temperature-dependent paramagnetic shifts of its NMR signals. It can act as a molecular probe for location sensing by utilizing the anisotropic magnetism of the encapsulated Ce atom. The potentially low toxicity and stability of the endohedral fullerene would make Ce@C82 suitable for applications in biology and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takano
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Tashita
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University , Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University , Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China.,Foundation for Advancement of International Science , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan
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21
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Dallas P, Meysami SS, Grobert N, Porfyrakis K. Classification of carbon nanostructure families occurring in a chemically activated arc discharge reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the generation of empty cages, endohedral metallofullerenes and carbon nanotubes is an important challenge for the tailored synthesis of functional materials and their scaled up production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Dallas
- Department of Materials
- University of Oxford
- UK
| | | | - N. Grobert
- Department of Materials
- University of Oxford
- UK
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22
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Wang Z, Aoyagi S, Omachi H, Kitaura R, Shinohara H. Isolation and Structure Determination of a Missing Endohedral Fullerene La@C70
through In Situ Trifluoromethylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Wang Z, Aoyagi S, Omachi H, Kitaura R, Shinohara H. Isolation and Structure Determination of a Missing Endohedral Fullerene La@C70
through In Situ Trifluoromethylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:199-202. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Sarina EA, Mercado BQ, Franco JU, Thompson CJ, Easterling ML, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. 2-Aminoethanol Extraction as a Method for Purifying Sc3N@C80 and for Differentiating Classes of Endohedral Fullerenes on the Basis of Reactivity. Chemistry 2015; 21:17035-43. [PMID: 26437717 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extraction with 2-aminoethanol is an inexpensive method for removing empty cage fullerenes from the soluble extract from electric-arc-generated fullerene soot that contains endohedral metallofullerenes of the type Sc3N@C2n (n = 34, 39, 40). Our method of separation exploits the fact that C60, C70, and other larger, empty cage fullerenes are more susceptible to nucleophilic attack than endohedral fullerenes and that these adducts can be readily extracted into 2-aminoethanol. This methodology has also been employed to examine the reactivity of the mixture of soluble endohedral fullerenes that result from doping graphite rods used in the Krätschmer-Huffman electric-arc generator with the oxides of Y, Lu, Dy, Tb, and Gd. For example, with Y2O3, we were able to detect by mass spectrometry several new families of endohedral fullerenes, namely Y3C108 to Y3C126, Y3C107 to Y3C125, Y4C128 to Y4C146, that resisted reactivity with 2-aminoethanol more than the empty cage fullerenes and the mono- and dimetallo fullerenes. The discovery of the family Y3C107 to Y3C125 with odd numbers of carbon atoms is remarkable, since fullerene cages must involve even numbers of carbon atoms. The newly discovered families of endohedral fullerenes with the composition M4C2n (M = Y, Lu, Dy, Tb, and Gd) are unusually resistant to reaction with 2-aminoethanol. Additionally, the individual endohedrals, Y3C112 and M3C102 (M = Lu, Dy, Tb and Gd), were remarkably less reactive toward 2-aminoethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Sarina
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis CA, 95616 (USA)
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis CA, 95616 (USA)
| | - Jimmy U Franco
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis CA, 95616 (USA)
| | | | | | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis CA, 95616 (USA)
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis CA, 95616 (USA). ,
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25
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Stevenson S, Arvola KD, Fahim M, Martin BR, Ghiassi KB, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. Isolation and Crystallographic Characterization of Gd3N@D2(35)-C88 through Non-Chromatographic Methods. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:62-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana-Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW), 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Kristine D. Arvola
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana-Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW), 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Muska Fahim
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana-Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW), 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana-Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW), 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Kamran B. Ghiassi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Marilyn M. Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alan L. Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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26
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Stevenson S, Thompson HR, Arvola KD, Ghiassi KB, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. Isolation of CeLu2N@Ih-C80through a Non-Chromatographic, Two-Step Chemical Process and Crystallographic Characterization of the Pyramidalized CeLu2N within the Icosahedral Cage. Chemistry 2015; 21:10362-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Feng Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Wu B, Li Y, Jiang L, Wang C, Wang T. A highly soluble gadofullerene salt and its magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:7781-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00432b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A stable complex of highly soluble Gd@C82/TBPA with improved paramagnetic properties and extensive applications was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zhuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology
- Taiyuan University of Technology
| | - Bo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yongjian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Li Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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28
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Zhao YL, Zhou Q, Lian YF, Yu HT. Molecular structures of Pr@C72 and Pr@C72(C6H3Cl2): a combined experimental–theoretical investigation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17608e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbon-cage structure of the lowest-lying Pr@C72 and its dichlorophenyl-functionalized derivative is C2(10612)-C72.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- PR China
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- PR China
| | - Yong-fu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- PR China
| | - Hai-tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- PR China
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29
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Dunk PW, Mulet-Gas M, Nakanishi Y, Kaiser NK, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Shinohara H, Poblet JM, Marshall AG, Kroto HW. Bottom-up formation of endohedral mono-metallofullerenes is directed by charge transfer. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5844. [PMID: 25524825 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of chemical formation mechanisms is essential to achieve effective yields and targeted products. One of the most challenging endeavors is synthesis of molecular nanocarbon. Endohedral metallofullerenes are of particular interest because of their unique properties that offer promise in a variety of applications. Nevertheless, the mechanism of formation from metal-doped graphite has largely eluded experimental study, because harsh synthetic methods are required to obtain them. Here we report bottom-up formation of mono-metallofullerenes under core synthesis conditions. Charge transfer is a principal factor that guides formation, discovered by study of metallofullerene formation with virtually all available elements of the periodic table. These results could enable production strategies that overcome long-standing problems that hinder current and future applications of metallofullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Dunk
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA [2] Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Marc Mulet-Gas
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yusuke Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Nathan K Kaiser
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hisanori Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alan G Marshall
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA [2] Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Harold W Kroto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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30
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Yamada M, Akasaka T. Emergence of Highly Elaborated π-Space and Extending Its Functionality Based on Nanocarbons: New Vistas in the Fullerene World. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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31
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Stevenson S, Rottinger KA, Fahim M, Field JS, Martin BR, Arvola KD. Tuning the Selectivity of Gd3N Cluster Endohedral Metallofullerene Reactions with Lewis Acids. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12939-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Stevenson
- Chemistry Department, Indiana−Purdue University at Fort Wayne, 2101 E. Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Khristina A Rottinger
- Chemistry Department, Indiana−Purdue University at Fort Wayne, 2101 E. Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Muska Fahim
- Chemistry Department, Indiana−Purdue University at Fort Wayne, 2101 E. Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Jessica S Field
- Chemistry Department, Indiana−Purdue University at Fort Wayne, 2101 E. Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Benjamin R Martin
- Chemistry Department, Indiana−Purdue University at Fort Wayne, 2101 E. Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Kristine D Arvola
- Chemistry Department, Indiana−Purdue University at Fort Wayne, 2101 E. Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
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33
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Chen CH, Lin DY, Yeh WY. Regiospecific Coordination of Re3Clusters with the Sumanene-Type Hexagons on Endohedral Metallofullerenes and Higher Fullerenes That Provides an Efficient Separation Method. Chemistry 2014; 20:5768-75. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Nakanishi Y, Omachi H, Matsuura S, Miyata Y, Kitaura R, Segawa Y, Itami K, Shinohara H. Size-Selective Complexation and Extraction of Endohedral Metallofullerenes with Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3102-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Nakanishi Y, Omachi H, Matsuura S, Miyata Y, Kitaura R, Segawa Y, Itami K, Shinohara H. Size-Selective Complexation and Extraction of Endohedral Metallofullerenes with Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Edelmann FT. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Stevenson S, Rottinger KA, Field JS. Fractionation of rare-earth metallofullerenes via reversible uptake and release from reactive silica. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:7435-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isolation and separation strategy that manipulates uptake and release of rare-earth metallofullerenes immobilized on reactive silica to provide enriched samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Stevenson
- Indiana-Purdue University at Fort Wayne
- Department of Chemistry
- Fort Wayne, USA
| | | | - Jessica S. Field
- Indiana-Purdue University at Fort Wayne
- Department of Chemistry
- Fort Wayne, USA
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38
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Wang Z, Nakanishi Y, Noda S, Niwa H, Zhang J, Kitaura R, Shinohara H. Missing small-bandgap metallofullerenes: their isolation and electronic properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11770-4. [PMID: 24123524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602 (Japan) http://nano.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp
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39
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40
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Wang Z, Nakanishi Y, Noda S, Niwa H, Zhang J, Kitaura R, Shinohara H. Missing Small-Bandgap Metallofullerenes: Their Isolation and Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Stevenson S, Rottinger KA. CuCl2 for the Isolation of a Broad Array of Endohedral Fullerenes Containing Metallic, Metallic Carbide, Metallic Nitride, and Metallic Oxide Clusters, and Separation of Their Structural Isomers. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9606-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4013476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Stevenson
- Chemistry Department, Indiana-Purdue University at Fort Wayne (IPFW), 2101
E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Khristina A. Rottinger
- Chemistry Department, Indiana-Purdue University at Fort Wayne (IPFW), 2101
E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Popov
- Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden , D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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43
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Lu X, Feng L, Akasaka T, Nagase S. Current status and future developments of endohedral metallofullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 41:7723-60. [PMID: 22907208 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), a new class of hybrid molecules formed by encapsulation of metallic species inside fullerene cages, exhibit unique properties that differ distinctly from those of empty fullerenes because of the presence of metals and their hybridization effects via electron transfer. This critical review provides a balanced but not an exhaustive summary regarding almost all aspects of EMFs, including the history, the classification, current progress in the synthesis, extraction, isolation, and characterization of EMFs, as well as their physiochemical properties and applications in fields such as electronics, photovoltaics, biomedicine, and materials science. Emphasis is assigned to experimentally obtained results, especially the X-ray crystallographic characterizations of EMFs and their derivatives, rather than theoretical calculations, although the latter has indeed enhanced our knowledge of metal-cage interactions. Finally, perspectives related to future developments and challenges in the research of EMFs are proposed. (381 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Wu B, Wang T, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Gan L, Jiang L, Wang C. An effective retro-cycloaddition of M3N@C80 (M = Sc, Lu, Ho) metallofulleropyrrolidines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10489-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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