1
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Tuerhong N, Chen H, Hu M, Cui X, Duan H, Jing Q, Chen Z. The enhanced bandgap and birefringence of rare-earth phosphates XPO 4 (X = Sc, Y, La, and Lu): a first-principles investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15751-15757. [PMID: 38768324 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Rare-earth phosphates were thought to be good candidates as ultraviolet/deep ultraviolet optical materials due to their relatively large bandgap and optical properties. In this paper, the authors screened out a family of XPO4 (X = Sc, Y, La, and Lu) compounds with an enhanced bandgap (HSE06 bandgap ≥ 7.61 eV) and birefringence (0.0934-0.2003@1064 nm) using first-principles calculations. The origin of enhanced optical properties was investigated using projected density of states, distortion indices, and Born effective charges. The results show that the PO4 anionic groups and X-O polyhedra give the main contribution in determining the optical properties, and the PO4 anionic groups give more contribution than other functional basic units. The spin-orbit interaction was also investigated. Similar band structures were found after spin-orbit coupling (SOC) was considered, and slightly enhanced birefringence was found when SOC was applied to these rare-earth phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuerbiye Tuerhong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Hongheng Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Mei Hu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Xiuhua Cui
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Haiming Duan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Qun Jing
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
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2
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Andersen HL, Granados-Miralles C, Jensen KMØ, Saura-Múzquiz M, Christensen M. The Chemistry of Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticle Nucleation, Crystallization, and Growth. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9852-9870. [PMID: 38526912 PMCID: PMC11008356 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The nucleation, crystallization, and growth mechanisms of MnFe2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and ZnFe2O4 nanocrystallites prepared from coprecipitated transition metal (TM) hydroxide precursors treated at sub-, near-, and supercritical hydrothermal conditions have been studied by in situ X-ray total scattering (TS) with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, and in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) with Rietveld analysis. The in situ TS experiments were carried out on 0.6 M TM hydroxide precursors prepared from aqueous metal chloride solutions using 24.5% NH4OH as the precipitating base. The PDF analysis reveals equivalent nucleation processes for the four spinel ferrite compounds under the studied hydrothermal conditions, where the TMs form edge-sharing octahedrally coordinated hydroxide units (monomers/dimers and in some cases trimers) in the aqueous precursor, which upon hydrothermal treatment nucleate through linking by tetrahedrally coordinated TMs. The in situ PXRD experiments were carried out on 1.2 M TM hydroxide precursors prepared from aqueous metal nitrate solutions using 16 M NaOH as the precipitating base. The crystallization and growth of the nanocrystallites were found to progress via different processes depending on the specific TMs and synthesis temperatures. The PXRD data show that MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanocrystallites rapidly grow (typically <1 min) to equilibrium sizes of 20-25 nm and 10-12 nm, respectively, regardless of applied temperature in the 170-420 °C range, indicating limited possibility of targeted size control. However, varying the reaction time (0-30 min) and temperature (150-400 °C) allows different sizes to be obtained for NiFe2O4 (3-30 nm) and ZnFe2O4 (3-12 nm) nanocrystallites. The mechanisms controlling the crystallization and growth (nucleation, growth by diffusion, Ostwald ripening, etc.) were examined by qualitative analysis of the evolution in refined scale factor (proportional to extent of crystallization) and mean crystallite volume (proportional to extent of growth). Interestingly, lower kinetic barriers are observed for the formation of the mixed spinels (MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4) compared to the inverse (NiFe2O4) and normal (ZnFe2O4) spinel structured compounds, suggesting that the energy barrier for formation may be lowered when the TMs have no site preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik L. Andersen
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Facultad
de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University
of Copenhagen, København Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Matilde Saura-Múzquiz
- Facultad
de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Mogens Christensen
- Department
of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
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3
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Hu M, Wang J, Tuerhong N, Zhang Z, Jing Q, Chen Z, Yang Y, Lee MH. Novel antimony phosphates with enlarged birefringence induced by lone pair cations. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38264854 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03833e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Phosphates, whose obvious disadvantage is the relatively small birefringence, can be overcome by the introduction of post-transition metal cations containing stereochemically active lone-pair electrons. In this paper, two new compounds were successfully explored in the A-Sb-P-O system, i.e. Cs2Sb3O(PO4)3 (CsSbPO) and (NH4)2Sb4O2(H2O)(PO4)2[PO3(OH)]2 (NH4SbPOH). Transmission spectra show that CsSbPO has a surprising transmission range with a UV cutoff edge of 213 nm. First-principles calculations show that both compounds have a wide band gap (5.02 eV for CsSbPO and 5.30 eV for NH4SbPOH) and enlarged birefringence (Δn = 0.034@1064 nm for CsSbPO and Δn = 0.045@1064 nm for NH4SbPOH). The results of real-space atom-cutting investigations show that the distorted [SbOx] polyhedra originating from the asymmetric lone pair electrons give the main contribution to the total birefringence and overcome the disadvantage of small birefringence of phosphates but maintain wide transition windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Jialong Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Nuerbiye Tuerhong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures in Condensed Matter Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Qun Jing
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
| | - Yonglei Yang
- Urumqi No. 1 Senior High School, North Second Lane, Kanas Lake Road, Urumqi 830023, China
| | - Ming-Hsien Lee
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, China
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4
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Qi L, Chen Z, Li L, Jing Q, Li N, Jiang Z, Dong X, Lee M. A
2
BBi
2
(PO
4
)
2
(P
2
O
7
) (A = K, Rb, B = Pb, Cd): the Effect of Cation Sizes on Structural Evolution. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology & School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology & School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology & School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Qun Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology & School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology & School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Zhongqi Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology & School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Engineering Department of Chemistry and Environment Xinjiang Institute of Engineering 236 Nanchang Road 830091 Urumqi China
| | - Ming‐Hsien Lee
- Department of Physics Tamkang University 25137 New Taipei City Taiwan
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5
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Qian Z, Wu H, Yu H, Hu Z, Wang J, Wu Y. Synthesis, structure and characterization of three new Mg-containing phosphates with deep-UV cut-off edges. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new Mg-containing phosphates, AMg2P3O10 (A = Li, Cs) and Rb2MgP2O7, have been successfully synthesized using a high-temperature solution method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials
- Institute of Functional Crystal
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
| | - Hongping Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials
- Institute of Functional Crystal
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials
- Institute of Functional Crystal
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
| | - Zhanggui Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials
- Institute of Functional Crystal
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
| | - Jiyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials
- Institute of Functional Crystal
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials
- Institute of Functional Crystal
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
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6
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Chen W, Jing Q, Zhang Q, Lee M, Lu X, Wei P, Chen Z. A New Cadmium‐Based Pb
2
Cd
3
(PO
4
)
2
(P
2
O
7
) with Two Types of Isolated P–O Groups. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Chen
- Physical and Chemical Detecting Center and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Qun Jing
- Physical and Chemical Detecting Center and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhang
- Physical and Chemical Detecting Center and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Ming‐Hsien Lee
- Department of Physics Tamkang University 25137 New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Xuefang Lu
- Physical and Chemical Detecting Center and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Ping Wei
- Physical and Chemical Detecting Center and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Physical and Chemical Detecting Center and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University 666 Shengli Road 830046 Urumqi China
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7
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Andersen HL, Bøjesen ED, Birgisson S, Christensen M, Iversen BB. Pitfalls and reproducibility ofin situsynchrotron powder X-ray diffraction studies of solvothermal nanoparticle formation. J Appl Crystallogr 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718003552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In situpowder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is a powerful characterization tool owing to its ability to provide time-resolved information about phase composition, crystal structure and microstructure. The application of high-flux synchrotron X-ray beams and the development of custom-built reactors have facilitated second-scale time-resolved studies of nanocrystallite formation and growth during solvothermal synthesis. The short exposure times required for good time resolution limit the data quality, while the employed high-temperature–high-pressure reactors further complicate data acquisition and treatment. Based on experience gathered during ten years of conductingin situstudies of solvothermal reactions at a number of different synchrotrons, a compilation of useful advice for conductingin situPXRD experiments and data treatment is presented here. In addition, the reproducibility of the employed portablein situPXRD setup, experimental procedure and data analysis is evaluated. This evaluation is based on repeated measurements of an LaB6line-profile standard throughout 5 d of beamtime and on the repetition of ten identicalin situsynchrotron PXRD experiments on the hydrothermal formation of γ-Fe2O3nanocrystallites. The study reveals inconsistencies in the absolute structural and microstructural values extracted by Rietveld refinement and whole powder pattern modelling of thein situPXRD data, but also illustrates the robustness of trends and relative changes in the extracted parameters. From the data, estimates of the effective errors and reproducibility ofin situPXRD studies of solvothermal nanocrystallite formation are provided.
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8
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Oh SJ, Lim SJ, You TS, Ok KM. From a Metastable Layer to a Stable Ring: A Kinetic Study for Transformation Reactions of Li2
Mo3
TeO12
to Polyoxometalates. Chemistry 2017; 24:6712-6716. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jin Oh
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ji Lim
- Department of Chemistry; Chungbuk National University, Cheongju; Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Soo You
- Department of Chemistry; Chungbuk National University, Cheongju; Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
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9
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Zhang X, Wu H, Liu Q, Dong X, Chen Y, Yang Z, Wen XD, Pan S. Application of the dimensional reduction formalism to Pb9−xBax[Li2(P2O7)2(P4O13)2] (x = 0, 2, 6, 7): a series of phosphates with two types of isolated polyphosphate groups. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4678-4684. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dimensional reduction is used to design and synthesise Pb9[Li2(P2O7)2(P4O13)2] by using Li2O to dismantle Pb3P4O13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Hongping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices
- Urumqi 830011
- China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices
- Urumqi 830011
- China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices
- Urumqi 830011
- China
| | - Yunlei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices
- Urumqi 830011
- China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Shilie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices
- Urumqi 830011
- China
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10
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Ok KM. Toward the Rational Design of Novel Noncentrosymmetric Materials: Factors Influencing the Framework Structures. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2774-2785. [PMID: 27993004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state materials with extended structures have revealed many interesting structure-related characteristics. Among many, materials crystallizing in noncentrosymmetric (NCS) space groups have attracted massive attention attributable to a variety of superb functional properties such as ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. In fact, the characteristics are pivotal to many industrial applications such as laser systems, optical communications, photolithography, energy harvesting, detectors, and memories. Thus, for the past several decades, a great deal of synthetic effort has been vigorously made to realize these technologically important properties by improving the occurrence of macroscopic NCS space groups. A bright approach to increase the incidence of NCS structures was combining local asymmetric units during the initial synthesis process. Although a significant improvement has been achieved in obtaining new NCS materials using this strategy, the majority of solid-state materials still crystallize in centrosymmetric (CS) structures as the locally unsymmetrical units are easily lined up in an antiparallel manner. Therefore, discovering an effective method to control the framework structure and the macroscopic symmetry is an imminent ongoing challenge. In order to more effectively control the overall symmetry of solid-state compounds, it is critical to understand how the backbone and the subsequent centricity are affected during the crystallization. In this Account, several factors influencing the framework structure and centricity of solid-state materials are described in order to more systematically discover novel NCS materials. Recent studies on crystalline solid-state materials suggest three factors affecting the local coordination environment as well as the overall symmetry of the framework structure: (1) size variations of the various template cations, (2) a variable backbone arrangement occurring from the hydrogen-bonding interactions, and (3) the presence of framework flexibility. With regard to the first factor, the impact of size of the various metal cations and coordination numbers on the alignment of other adjacent polyhedra, linkers, and lone pairs determining the framework geometries of mixed metal oxides is analyzed. The second factor considers the regulation of crystallographic centricity determined by the availability of hydrogen-bonding interactions between anionic frameworks containing local asymmetric polyhedra and organic cations. Finally, the third factor explores the framework architecture and the space group symmetry influenced by the flexibility of polyhedra revealing variable coordination numbers. The centricity and framework of new solid-state materials might be controlled by using a variety of synthetically controllable asymmetric units such as organic structure-directing cations and linkers with different sizes and functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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11
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Zhang X, Wu H, Wang Y, Dong X, Han S, Pan S. Application of the Dimensional Reduction Formalism to Pb12[Li2(P2O7)2(P4O13)2](P4O13): a Phosphate Containing Three Types of Isolated P–O Groups. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7329-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Shujuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Shilie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry of CAS, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
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12
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13
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Jensen KMØ, Andersen HL, Tyrsted C, Bøjesen ED, Dippel AC, Lock N, Billinge SJL, Iversen BB, Christensen M. Mechanisms for iron oxide formation under hydrothermal conditions: an in situ total scattering study. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10704-14. [PMID: 25256366 DOI: 10.1021/nn5044096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation and growth of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles from ammonium iron(III) citrate solutions (C(6)O(7)H(6) · xFe(3+) · yNH(4)) in hydrothermal synthesis conditions have been studied by in situ total scattering. The local structure of the precursor in solution is similar to that of the crystalline coordination polymer [Fe(H(2)cit(H2O)](n), where corner-sharing [FeO(6)] octahedra are linked by citrate. As hydrothermal treatment of the solution is initiated, clusters of edge-sharing [FeO(6)] units form (with extent of the structural order <5 Å). Tetrahedrally coordinated iron subsequently appears, and as the synthesis continues, the clusters slowly assemble into crystalline maghemite, giving rise to clear Bragg peaks after 90 s at 320 °C. The primary transformation from amorphous clusters to nanocrystallites takes place by condensation of the clusters along the corner-sharing tetrahedral iron units. The crystallization process is related to large changes in the local structure as the interatomic distances in the clusters change dramatically with cluster growth. The local atomic structure is size dependent, and particles smaller than 6 nm are highly disordered. The final crystallite size (<10 nm) is dependent on both synthesis temperature and precursor concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Jensen KMØ, Tyrsted C, Bremholm M, Iversen BB. In situ studies of solvothermal synthesis of energy materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:1594-1611. [PMID: 24599741 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201301042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Solvothermal and hydrothermal synthesis, that is, synthesis taking place in a solvent at elevated temperature and pressure, is a powerful technique for the production of advanced energy materials as it is versatile, cheap, and environmentally friendly. However, the fundamental reaction mechanisms dictating particle formation and growth under solvothermal conditions are not well understood. In order to produce tailor-made materials with specific properties for advanced energy technologies, it is essential to obtain an improved understanding of these processes and, in this context, in situ studies are an important tool as they provide real time information on the reactions taking place. Here, we present a review of the use of powder diffraction and total scattering methods for in situ studies of synthesis taking place under solvothermal and hydrothermal conditions. The experimental setups used for in situ X-ray and neutron studies are presented, and methods of data analysis are described. Special attention is given to the methods used to extract structural information from the data, for example, Rietveld refinement, whole powder pattern modelling and pair distribution function analysis. Examples of in situ studies are presented to illustrate the types of chemical insight that can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C (Denmark) www.cmc.chem.au.dk
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15
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Tyrsted C, Lock N, Jensen KMØ, Christensen M, Bøjesen ED, Emerich H, Vaughan G, Billinge SJL, Iversen BB. Evolution of atomic structure during nanoparticle formation. IUCRJ 2014; 1:165-71. [PMID: 25075335 PMCID: PMC4086431 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514006538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of nanoparticle formation during synthesis is a key prerequisite for the rational design and engineering of desirable materials properties, yet remains elusive due to the difficulty of studying structures at the nanoscale under real conditions. Here, the first comprehensive structural description of the formation of a nanoparticle, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), all the way from its ionic constituents in solution to the final crystal, is presented. The transformation is a complicated multi-step sequence of atomic reorganizations as the material follows the reaction pathway towards the equilibrium product. Prior to nanoparticle nucleation, reagents reorganize into polymeric species whose structure is incompatible with the final product. Instead of direct nucleation of clusters into the final product lattice, a highly disordered intermediate precipitate forms with a local bonding environment similar to the product yet lacking the correct topology. During maturation, bond reforming occurs by nucleation and growth of distinct domains within the amorphous intermediary. The present study moves beyond kinetic modeling by providing detailed real-time structural insight, and it is demonstrated that YSZ nanoparticle formation and growth is a more complex chemical process than accounted for in conventional models. This level of mechanistic understanding of the nanoparticle formation is the first step towards more rational control over nanoparticle synthesis through control of both solution precursors and reaction intermediaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Tyrsted
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Nina Lock
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
- Faculty of Chemistry, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Mogens Christensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Espen D. Bøjesen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Hermann Emerich
- SNBL, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Horowitz, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Gavin Vaughan
- ID11, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Horowitz, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Simon J. L. Billinge
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, NY 11973, USA
| | - Bo B. Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
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16
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Ahn HS, Lee DW, Ok KM. From an Open Framework to a Layered and a Hexagonal Tungsten Oxide Structure: Controlled Transformation Reactions of an Extended Solid-State Material, Cs3Ga7(SeO3)12 to Ga(OH)(SeO3) and KGa3(SeO4)2(OH)6. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:12726-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402274s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sun Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong,
Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong,
Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong,
Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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