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New insights into the redox properties of pyridinium appended 1,2-Dithienylcyclopentenes. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200004. [PMID: 35175689 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The optical and redox properties of a methyl pyridinium appended 1,2-dithienylethene photochromic derivative have been thoroughly investigated. A complex multi-step photo/redox mechanism is proposed for the closed isomer on the ground of spectro-electrochemical and theoretical data. The generated compounds are not stable over the time because of chemical reactions associated to the redox processes and a new dithienylethene derivative incorporating a seven-membered ring has been isolated and characterized.
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2
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Catalytic electron drives host–guest recognition. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5261-5267. [PMID: 35655551 PMCID: PMC9093170 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01342h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactants of AQH–CH2CN are converted into AQ and CH3CN in sustainable electrocatalytic chain reactions, successfully achieving catalytic electron-triggered charge-transfer (CT) complex formation.
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3
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Energy Storage upon Photochromic 6-π Photocyclization and Efficient On-Demand Heat Release with Oxidation Stimuli. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11391-11398. [PMID: 34787418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic molecules display reversible isomerization reactions between two isomers accompanied by an exchange between heat and chemical potential. A considerable part of the absorbed light energy is stored in and released from the present E-type photochromic molecules, which undergo cyclization reactions under UV light excitation and backward reactions after application of oxidative stimuli. The photochromic nature, thermal stability, and cascade ring-opening reaction of the closed form isomers of eight photochromic terarylenes are studied, and energy storage efficiencies at a single wavelength, η, as high as 23% are experimentally demonstrated. Their efficient photochemical quantum yield for the cyclization reaction markedly contributes to the high energy storage efficiency as well as showing the capability of efficient cascade cycloreversion reactions. Spontaneous cycloreversion reactions are well-suppressed because the forbidden nature of the cycloreversion reaction gives rise to sufficient heat storage duration.
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4
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A Photo- and Redox-Driven Two-Directional Terthiazole-Based Switch: A Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation. Chemistry 2021; 27:12866-12876. [PMID: 34213798 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Terthiazoles with redox-active substituents like an N-methyl pyridinium group and ferrocene have been synthesized and their photo- and electro-chromic behaviors were investigated. The presence of two lateral N-methyl pyridinium substituents in the structure of terthiazole proved to be effective in inducing not only the reductive ring-closure of the terthiazole core but also its oxidative ring-opening reaction, leading to the first terarylene-based switch able to fully operate both photochemically and electrochemically. Moreover, the large increase in the redox potential between its open and closed form (700 mV) means that a part of the photon energy necessary to trigger the cyclization is stored in the form of chemical potential available for other works. Introduction of a second redox-active unit such as ferrocene onto the central thiazolyl moiety is found to inhibit the photochromism of the switch but not its redox switchability, which, instead, got improved for the ring-opening reaction via the redox properties of the ferrocenyl unit. The optical and redox properties of the switch in its different oxidation states are analyzed with the aid of DFT calculations in order to rationalize different switching processes.
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Abstract
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The bistability of
molecular switches is an essential characteristic
in their use as functional components in molecular-based devices and
machines. For photoswitches, light-driven switching between two stable
states proceeds via short-lived changes of the bond order in electronically
excited states. Here, bistable switching of a ditertbutyl-substituted
spiropyran photoswitch is instead demonstrated by oxidation and subsequent
reduction in an overall four-state cycle. The spiropyran structure
chosen has reduced sensitivity to the effect of secondary electrochemical
processes such as H+ production and provides transient
access to a decreased thermal Z–E isomerization barrier in the one electron oxidized state, akin to
that achieved in the corresponding photochemical path. Thus, we show
that the energy needed for switching spiropyrans to the merocyanine
form on demand, typically delivered by a photon, can instead be provided
electrochemically. This opens up further opportunities for the utilization
of spiropyrans in electrically controlled applications and devices.
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6
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Photosynergetic amplification of radiation input: from efficient UV induced cycloreversion to sensitive X-ray detection. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2504-2510. [PMID: 34084416 PMCID: PMC8157323 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Five photochromic terarylenes which show reversible photocyclisation and cycloreversion with relatively high quantum yields are presented. Some of these have been observed to undergo a highly efficient cycloreversion cascade process from their coloured, closed forms to their uncoloured open forms that leads to cycloreversion quantum yields significantly larger than unity. This cascade effect can been induced with both chemical and X-ray initiation; the limit of detection from X-ray initiation has been tested and is comparable to existing systems with detection observed at values as low as 0.3 mGy. New photochromic terarylene displays extremely high photosensitivity with quantum yield as high as 3300% and radio-sensitivity to X-ray dose as weak as 0.3 mGy.![]()
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Photochromic Diarylethenes Designed for Surface Deposition: From Self-Assembled Monolayers to Single Molecules. Chempluschem 2020; 84:564-577. [PMID: 31944023 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The efficient switching that can occur between two stable isomers of diarylethenes makes them particularly promising targets for opto- and molecular electronics. To examine these classes of molecules for electronics applications, they have been subjected to a series of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments, which are the focus of this Review. A brief introduction to the chemical design of diarylethenes in terms of their switching capabilities along with the basics of STM are presented. Next, initial STM studies on these compounds under ambient conditions are discussed. An overview of how molecular design affects the isomerization and self-assembly of diarylethenes at the solid-liquid interface as investigated by STM is then presented, as well as single-molecule studies under ultrahigh vacuum. The last section presents further prospects for molecular design in the field.
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8
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Threading-gated photochromism in [2]pseudorotaxanes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5104-5113. [PMID: 31183062 PMCID: PMC6524668 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigid, Y-shaped imidazole compounds containing the bis(thienyl)ethene moiety were designed and synthesized. The 4,5-bis(benzothienyl)-2-phenylimidazolium cations were then used as axles for [2]pseudorotaxane formation with 24-membered crown ether wheels. It was demonstrated using 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption and emission spectroscopies that this host-guest interaction results in significant changes in the photochromic properties of the imidazolium axles. This is a rare example of gated photochromism, which exploits the recognition event of an interpenetrated molecular system to tune the photochromic properties in one of the components.
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9
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Electrochromism of fast photochromic radical complexes forming light-unresponsive stable colored radical cation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4917-4920. [PMID: 30882118 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the electrochromism of photochromic radical complexes containing triaryl imidazole: fast photoswitchable pentaarylbiimidazole (PABI) and the phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC). Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry revealed that PABI and PIC generate the highly stable radical cation by one-electron oxidation accompanied by a color change from colorless to green. The stability of the radical cation is strongly affected by the dihedral angle between the imidazole ring and the phenyl ring at the 2-position of the imidazole ring.
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10
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Photo- and Electro-Driven Molecular Switching System of Aryl-Bridged Photochromic Radical Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1945-1952. [PMID: 30789729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fast photochromic molecules have received much interest in the potential application as a real-time switching trigger in material and biological chemistry. Pentaarylbiimidazole (PABI) and phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC) are one of the fast photochromic molecules based on imidazolyl radicals. Because the photochromic reaction of these fast photochromic molecules proceeds from the optically forbidden S1 state, it is difficult to estimate the excitation energy to induce the photochromic reactions by spectroscopic techniques. In this study, we performed the electrochemical measurements for PABI and PIC to investigate the electronic properties and to determine the S0-S1 transition energies. In addition, we also revealed that the electrochemical reduction of PABI and PIC generates the radical anion which spontaneously shows the C-N bond breaking reaction to produce the radical species. The initial photochromic dimer is reproduced by the reversible oxidation of the anion species. This characteristic photochromic and electrochromic properties can be applicable to the photowritable electrochromic devices with high spatial resolution.
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11
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Oxidative and reductive cyclization in stiff dithienylethenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2812-2821. [PMID: 30498531 PMCID: PMC6244239 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of stiff dithienylethenes, undergoing double bond isomerization in addition to ring-closure, has been investigated. Electrochromism was observed in almost all cases, with the major pathway being the oxidatively induced cyclization of the open isomers. The influence of the ring size (to lock the reactive antiparallel conformation) as well as substituents (to modulate the redox potential) on the electrocyclization was examined. In the series of derivatives with 6-membered rings, both the E- and the Z-isomer convert to the closed isomer, whereas for the 7-membered rings no cyclization from the E-isomer was observed. For both stiff and normal dithienylethenes bearing benzonitrile substituents an additional and rare reductive electrocyclization was observed. The mechanism underlying both observed electrocyclization pathways has been elucidated.
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12
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Azole-based diarylethenes as the next step towards advanced photochromic materials. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Structurally and electronically modulated spin interaction of transient biradicals in two photon-gated stepwise photochromism. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:290-301. [PMID: 29335696 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00420f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of two-photon induced photochromic compounds is important for advanced photoresponsive materials. The utilization of the long-lived transient states or species for two-photon absorption is one of the efficient strategies to realize the advanced photochemical behavior beyond a one-photon photochemical reaction. We have synthesized bi-photochromic compounds composed of two photochromic phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex units. The biphotochromic compounds generate two biradical units when the two photochromic units absorb photons with a stepwise manner. The interaction between the two biradicals through the central bridging phenyl ring is the key feature to control the stepwise photochromic reaction. Here, we introduced aromatic spacers in order to modulate the distance and the dihedral angle between the biradical units. The color and the rate of the thermal back reaction of the stepwise photochromism can be regulated by the control of the central bridging part. These results give important insights to develop desirable advanced photoresponsive compounds.
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14
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Recent progress in development of photoacid generators. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Ruthenium(II) σ-arylacetylide complexes as redox active units for (multi-)functional molecular devices. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Efficient Sensitized Z
→E
Photoisomerization of an Iridium(III)-Azobenzene Complex over a Wide Concentration Range. Chemistry 2017; 23:14090-14095. [PMID: 28881057 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Dual-Responsive Molecular Switches Based on Dithienylethene-RuII
Organometallics in Self-Assembled Monolayers Operating at Low Voltage. Chemistry 2017; 23:10205-10214. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Synthesis and Photochromism of Chloro- and tert
-Butyl-Functionalized Terarylene Derivatives for Surface Deposition. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Rate-Tunable Stepwise Two-Photon-Gated Photoresponsive Systems Employing a Synergetic Interaction between Transient Biradical Units. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4452-4461. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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20
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21
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Fast and Efficient Oxidative Cycloreversion Reaction of a π-Extended Photochromic Terarylene. Chemistry 2016; 22:10002-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Abstract
A photoswitchable diarylethene heterodimer was prepared and its applications to logic gates were successfully demonstrated.
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23
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Abstract
The diastereoselective photoreaction of dithiazolylbenzo[b]phosphole chalcogenides was achieved by means of the conformational control of the photoprecursor state by intramolecular interactions involving the stereogenic phosphorus.
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24
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Photoswitchable “Turn-on” Fluorescence Diarylethenes: Substituent Effects on Photochemical Properties and Electrochromism. Chemistry 2015; 22:656-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Abstract
The ability to influence key properties of molecular systems by using light holds much promise for the fields of materials science and life sciences. The cornerstone of such systems is molecules that are able to reversibly photoisomerize between two states, commonly referred to as photoswitches. One serious restriction to the development of functional photodynamic systems is the necessity to trigger switching in at least one direction by UV light, which is often damaging and penetrates only partially through most media. This review provides a summary of the different conceptual strategies for addressing molecular switches in the visible and near-infrared regions of the optical spectrum. Such visible-light-activated molecular switches tremendously extend the scope of photoswitchable systems for future applications and technologies.
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27
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Photo-control of the thermal radical recombination reaction: photochromism of an azobenzene-bridged imidazole dimer. PURE APPL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAmong various kinds of photochromic compounds, bridged imidazole dimers have been known as fast photo-switch molecules. Bridged imidazole dimers have opened up various potential applications to photochromic lenses and real-time holographic displays. The optical properties of bridged imidazole dimers strongly depend on the bridging moiety to tether two imidazole rings. Therefore, the control of the bridging structure by introducing another photochromic moiety would increase the versatility of bridged imidazole dimers. In this study, we designed and synthesized a new type of the bridged imidazole dimer 1 which has the azobenzene moiety as the photo-responsive linker. The cis–trans isomerization of the azobenzene moiety enables to change the distance between the photogenerated radical pairs. The two structural isomers, cis–1 and trans–1, are observed and both compounds undergo the photochromism to produce the imidazolyl radicals. We found that the two imidazolyl radicals generated from cis–1 are close enough to form the intramolecular C–N bond, whereas the imidazolyl radicals of trans–1 undergo the intermolecular recombination reaction due to the long distance between the radicals. Our results demonstrate the control of intra-/intermolecular radical recombination reactions by the combination of the two photochromic compounds.
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28
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Abstract
When applying photochromic switches as functional units in light-responsive materials or devices, an often disregarded yet crucial property is their resistance to fatigue during photoisomerization. In the large family of diarylethene photoswitches, formation of an annulated isomer as a byproduct of the photochromic reaction turns out to prevent the desired high reversibility for many different derivatives. To overcome this general problem, we have synthesized and thoroughly investigated the fatigue behavior of a series of diarylethenes, varying the nature of the hetaryl moieties, the bridging units, and the substituents. By analysis of photokinetic data, a quantification of the tendency for byproduct formation in terms of quantum yields could be achieved, and a strong dependency on the electronic properties of the substituents was observed. In particular, substitution with 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl or 3,5-bis(pentafluorosulfanyl)phenyl groups strongly suppresses the byproduct formation and opens up a general strategy to construct highly fatigue-resistant diarylethene photochromic systems with a large structural flexibility.
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29
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Photochromism of Diarylethene Molecules and Crystals: Memories, Switches, and Actuators. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12174-277. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500249p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1755] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of α,β‐Linked Oligothiazoles with Controlled Sequence. Chemistry 2014; 20:13722-9. [PMID: 25201229 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Diarylethene-Containing Carbon-Rich Ruthenium Organometallics: Tuning of Electrochromism. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:8172-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5013044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Benzothiophene or Benzofuran Bridges in Diaryl Ethenes: Two-Step Access by Pd-Catalyzed CH Activation and Theoretical/Experimental Studies on Their Photoreactivity. Chemistry 2014; 20:10073-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Multichromophoric sugar for fluorescence photoswitching. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1471-81. [PMID: 24991302 PMCID: PMC4077358 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A multichromophoric glucopyranoside 2 bearing three dicyanomethylenepyran (DCM) fluorophores and one diarylethene (DAE) photochrome has been prepared by Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction. The fluorescence of 2 was switched off upon UV irradiation, in proportion with the open to closed form (OF to CF) conversion extent of the DAE moiety. A nearly 100% Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET) from all three DCM moieties to a single DAE (in its CF) moiety was achieved. Upon visible irradiation, the initial fluorescence intensity was recovered. The observed photoswiching is reversible, with excellent photo resistance.
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34
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Photoelectric Signal Conversion by Combination of Electron-Transfer Chain Catalytic Isomerization and Photoisomerization on Benzodimethyldihydropyrenes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4809-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ja412528d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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35
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Photo-patternable electroluminescence based on one-way photoisomerization reaction of tetraoxidized triangle terarylenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:6373-5. [PMID: 23636474 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized triangle terarylenes with asymmetric side-aryl units are synthesized, which show photo-induced turn-on yellow luminescence based on photochemical intramolecular ring-cyclization reaction in the solid state. A direct photo-patterning process for organic electroluminescent devices is successfully demonstrated with selective light irradiation through an appropriate mask-pattern.
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36
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Electrochromic Characteristics of a Nickel Borate Thin Film Investigated by In Situ XAFS and UV/vis Spectroscopy. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.82.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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37
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Highly efficient cycloreversion of photochromic dithienylethene compounds using visible light-driven photoredox catalysis. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52900b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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38
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39
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Chiral Photoresponsive Tetrathiazoles That Provide Snapshots of Folding States. Chemistry 2013; 19:16972-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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A photochromic diode with a continuum of intermediate states: towards high density multilevel storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4807-4813. [PMID: 23847026 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A continuum of intermediate states (current levels) is demonstrated for an organic diode utilizing a photochromic (dithienylethene) switching layer. Specific intermediate states can be attained by controlling the fraction of closed isomer (X) in the transduction layer, affording a novel methodology for multilevel storage applications. The analog response of the device is discussed in terms of the concentration and morphology of closed dithienylethene isomer, which can be accessed via optical and electrical switching reactions.
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41
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Proton Catalysis in the Redox Responsivity of a Mini-Sized Photochromic Diarylethene. Chemistry 2013; 19:12435-45. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Thermal 8π electrocyclic reaction of heteroarene tetramers: new efficient access to π-extended cyclooctatetraenes. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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