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Bian P, Yang H, Zhang L, Liu Z, Qiao G, Han Y, Jiao T. Fabrication and Photovoltaic Conversion Performances of Imidazolyl and Fumaric Acid Composite Langmuir-Blodgett Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:18642-18651. [PMID: 39171787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Novel organic small molecule structures have received increasing attention in the preparation of multifunctional thin film materials and have become the subject of research in many cutting-edge directions. In this work, imidazolyl and transbutylene glycolic acid molecules and dye molecules were designed and prepared as composite films by supramolecular self-assembly in the LB technique, and their morphological features and spectral properties were analyzed. The results showed that the prepared LB films presented different aggregation states. In addition, their photoelectrochemical properties, on ITO sheets were tested, all of which showed good optoelectronic properties, and their binding energies, structure optimization, and electrostatic potentials were theoretically calculated by DFT simulations, which proved that the prepared films have good optoelectronic properties, and have the potential to become optoelectronic multifunctional ultrathin film devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Huiqing Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Lexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guiying Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yong Han
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Tifeng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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2
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Carneiro SN, Laffoon JD, Luo L, Sanford MS. Benchmarking Trisaminocyclopropeniums as Mediators for Anodic Oxidation Reactions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6389-6394. [PMID: 38607957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This report benchmarks a tris(amino)cyclopropenium (TAC) salt as an electron-transfer mediator for anodic oxidation reactions in comparison to two known mediators: a triarylamine and a triarylimidazole derivative. The three mediators have redox potentials, diffusion coefficients, and heterogeneous electron transfer rates similar to those of glassy carbon electrodes in acetonitrile/KPF6. However, they differ significantly in their performance in two electro-organic reactions: anodic fluorination of a dithiane and anodic oxidation of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol. These differences are rationalized based on variable stability in the presence of reaction components (e.g., NEt3·3HF, lutidine, and Cs2CO3) as well as very different rates of electron transfer with the organic substrate. Overall, this work highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each mediator and provides a foundation for expanding the applications of TACs in electro-organic synthesis moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joshua D Laffoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Long Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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3
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Fuchigami T. Spiers Memorial Lecture: Old but new organic electrosynthesis: history and recent remarkable developments. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:9-33. [PMID: 37622750 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00129f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis has a long history. However, this chemistry is still new. Recently, we have seen its second renaissance with organic electrosynthesis being considered a typical green chemistry process. Therefore, a number of novel electrosynthetic methodologies have recently been developed. However, there are still many problems to be solved from a green and sustainable viewpoint. After an explanation of the historical survey of organic electrosynthesis, this paper focuses on recent remarkable developments in new electrosynthetic methodologies, such as novel electrodes, recyclable nonvolatile electrolytic solvents and recyclable supporting electrolytes, as well as new types of electrolytic flow cells. Furthermore, novel types of organic electrosynthetic reactions will be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fuchigami
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan.
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4
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Hatch CE, Chain WJ. Electrochemically Enabled Total Syntheses of Natural Products. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202300140. [PMID: 38106361 PMCID: PMC10723087 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques have helped to enable the total synthesis of natural products since the pioneering work of Kolbe in the mid 1800's. The electrochemical toolset grows every day and these new possibilities change the way chemists look at and think about natural products. This review provides a perspective on total syntheses wherein electrochemical techniques enabled the carbon─carbon bond formations in the skeletal assembly of important natural products, discussion of mechanistic details, and representative examples of the bond formations enabled over the last several decades. These bond formations are often distinctly different from those possible with conventional chemistries and allow assemblies complementary to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Hatch
- Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E. 68 St., New York, NY, 10065 (United States)
| | - William J Chain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716 (United States)
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5
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Abdollahi MF, Zhao Y. Donor-Acceptor Fluorophores and Macrocycles Built Upon Wedge-Shaped π-Extended Phenanthroimidazoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3451-3465. [PMID: 36862080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A class of wedge-shaped organic π-fluorophores featuring a 6,9-diphenyl-substituted phenanthroimidazole (PI) core was designed, synthesized, and characterized. Among them, a π-extended PI derivative containing two electron-withdrawing aldehyde groups was found to exhibit versatile solid-state packing properties as well as strong solvatofluorochromism in different organic solvents. Another PI derivative that was functionalized with two electron-donating 1,4-dithiafulvenyl (DTF) end groups showed versatile redox reactivities and quenched fluorescence. Treatment of this wedge-shaped bis(DTF)-PI compound with iodine resulted in oxidative coupling reactions, leading to the formation of intriguing macrocyclic products that carry redox-active tetrathiafulvalene vinylogue (TTFV) moieties in their structures. Mixing the bis(DTF)-PI derivative with fullerene (C60 or C70) in an organic solvent resulted in substantial fluorescence enhancement (turn-on). In this process, fullerene acted as a photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen, which in turn induced oxidative C = C bond cleavages and converted nonfluorescent bis(DTF)-PI into highly fluorescent dialdehyde-substituted PI. Treatment of TTFV-PI macrocycles with a small amount of fullerene also led to a moderate degree of fluorescence enhancement, but this is not because of photosensitized oxidative cleavage reactions. Instead, competitive photoinduced electron transfer from TTFV to fullerene can be attributed to their fluorescence turn-on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam F Abdollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, Core Science Facility, 45 Arctic Avenue, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, Core Science Facility, 45 Arctic Avenue, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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6
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Jiao Y, Stoddart J. Electron / hole catalysis: A versatile strategy for promoting chemical transformations. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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7
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Enders P, Májek M, Lam CM, Little D, Francke R. How to Harness Electrochemical Mediators for Photocatalysis – A Systematic Approach Using the Phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole Framework as a Test Case. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Enders
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis: Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse eV Electrochemistry & Catalysis GERMANY
| | - Michal Májek
- Comenius University in Bratislava: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Institute of Chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Chiu Marco Lam
- University of California Santa Barbara Chemistry & Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Daniel Little
- University of California Santa Barbara Chemistry & Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Robert Francke
- Rostock University Institute of Chemistry Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock GERMANY
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8
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Kadafour AN, Ibrahim H, Bala MD. Synthesis, characterization and application of new imino-functionalized 1,3-diazolium salts as antimicrobial agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Luo MJ, Xiao Q, Li JH. Electro-/photocatalytic alkene-derived radical cation chemistry: recent advances in synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7206-7237. [PMID: 35880555 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkene-derived radical cations are versatile reactive intermediates and have been widely applied in the construction of complex functionalized molecules and cyclic systems for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the synthetic application of these alkene-derived radical cations represents a powerful and green tool that can be used to achieve the functionalization of alkenes partially because the necessity of stoichiometric external chemical oxidants and/or hazardous reaction conditions is eliminated. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of the electro-/photochemical alkene-derived radical cations, emphasizing the key single-electron oxidation steps of the alkenes, the scope and limitations of the substrates, and the related reaction mechanisms. Using electrocatalysis and/or photocatalysis, single electron transfer (SET) oxidation of the CC bonds in the alkenes occurs, generating the alkene-derived radical cations, which sequentially enables the functionalization of translocated radical cations to occur in two ways: the first involves direct reaction with a nucleophile/radical or two molecules of nucleophiles to realize hydrofunctionalization, difunctionalization and cyclization; and the second involves the transformation of the alkene-derived radical cations into carbon-centered radicals using a base followed by radical coupling or oxidative nucleophilic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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10
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Zaera F. Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts? Chem Rev 2022; 122:8594-8757. [PMID: 35240777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of different prominent nanotechnologies adapted to catalysis is provided, with focus on how they contribute to the improvement of selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Ways to modify catalytic sites range from the use of the reversible or irreversible adsorption of molecular modifiers to the immobilization or tethering of homogeneous catalysts and the development of well-defined catalytic sites on solid surfaces. The latter covers methods for the dispersion of single-atom sites within solid supports as well as the use of complex nanostructures, and it includes the post-modification of materials via processes such as silylation and atomic layer deposition. All these methodologies exhibit both advantages and limitations, but all offer new avenues for the design of catalysts for specific applications. Because of the high cost of most nanotechnologies and the fact that the resulting materials may exhibit limited thermal or chemical stability, they may be best aimed at improving the selective synthesis of high value-added chemicals, to be incorporated in organic synthesis schemes, but other applications are being explored as well to address problems in energy production, for instance, and to design greener chemical processes. The details of each of these approaches are discussed, and representative examples are provided. We conclude with some general remarks on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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11
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Phenothiazine-based dyes containing imidazole with π-linkers of benzene, furan and thiophene: Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical and computational investigation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Zhao J, Yuan H, Chen R, Chen H, Zhang Y. Electrochemical Catalytic Hydrocarbonylation of Arylacetylenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu P. R. China
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13
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Liu J, Zheng X, Dong Y, Li W, Yin M, Song Q, Zhang C. Novel A–D–A structural imidazole derivatives with charge transfer excited states: importance of molecular structure design in obtaining a “turn-on” type fluorescence probe. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02013k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two A–D–A structural triphenylamine-imidazole derivatives were designed to provide a potential strategy for the development of turn-on type Fe3+ fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Zheng
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Dong
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Li
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Maoxing Yin
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qingbao Song
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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14
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Mushtaq S, Bi S, Zhang F, Naseer MM. Fully unsaturated all-carbon bifluorenylidene-based polymeric frameworks: synthesis and efficient photocatalysis. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated porous polymers with fully unsaturated all-carbon frameworks possess strong visible light-absorbing abilities, enabling efficient photodegradation of dye pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Mushtaq
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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15
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Krueger R, Moeller KD. Capitalizing on Mediated Electrolyses for the Construction of Complex, Addressable Molecular Surfaces. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15847-15865. [PMID: 34617752 PMCID: PMC8802379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic organic chemists are beginning to exploit electrochemical methods in increasingly creative ways. This is leading to a surge in productivity that is only now starting to take advantage of the full-potential of electrochemistry for accessing new structures in novel, more efficient ways. In this perspective, we provide insight into the potential of electrochemistry as a synthetic tool gained through studies of both direct anodic oxidation reactions and more recent indirect methods, and highlight how the development of new electrochemical methods can expand the nature of synthetic problems our community can tackle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Krueger
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
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16
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Yi RH, Lei YC, Tseng YH, Lin YF, Cheng YC, Fang YC, Ho CY, Tsai WW, Chang CH, Lu CW. Imidazolyl-Phenylcarbazole-Based Host Materials and Their Use for Co-host Designs in Phosphorescent OLEDs. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202102966. [PMID: 34766387 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, owing to the demand for high-efficiency phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PhOLEDs), many studies have been conducted on the development of bipolar host materials. A series of imidazolyl-phenylcarbazole-based host materials, i. e., im-CzP, im-CzPCz, im-CzPtBu, and im-OCzP, were synthesized to obtain high-efficiency green and red-emitting PhOLEDs. With im-OCzP as the host, satisfactory peak efficiencies of 22.2 (77.0 cd A-1 and 93.1 lm W-1 ) and 14.1 % (9.0 cd A-1 and 10.1 lm W-1 ) could be obtained, respectively. To further improve the performance of the devices, an electron transport material, bis-4,6-(3,5-di-3-pyridylphenyl)-2-methylpyrimidine (B3PyMPM) was selected to construct a co-hosted system. The efficiency of im-OCzP combined with B3PyMPM forming co-hosts could also achieve high values of 23.0 (80.0 cd A-1 and 98.8 lm W-1 ) and 16.5 % (10.2 cd A-1 and 13.4 lm W-1 ) for green and red PhOLEDs, respectively. These results exhibited that the proposed bipolar hosts have great flexibility in adjusting the carrier balance of EML in OLEDs, demonstrating their ingenious design and high potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Huei Yi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Lei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Hsiang Tseng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chia Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Fang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yung Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Tsai
- Electronics and Imaging, DuPont de Nemours, Inc., Newark, DE19713, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan
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17
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Hou ZW, Mao ZY, Xu HC. Discovery of a tetraarylhydrazine catalyst for electrocatalytic synthesis of imidazo-fused N-heteroaromatic compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8789-8793. [PMID: 34585716 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of electrocatalytic synthetic methods hinges on efficient molecular catalysts. Triarylamines are well-known redox catalysts because of the good stability of their corresponding amine radical cations. Herein we show that tris(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)amine decomposes unexpectedly during electrolysis in MeOH/THF to afford a tetraarylhydrazine, 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)hydrazine. In addition, we have applied this tetraarylhydrazine, which is either preprepared or formed in situ from tris(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)amine, as an electrocatalyst for the synthesis of imidazopyridines and related N-heteroaromatic compounds through intramolecular [3 + 2] annulation. This metal-free electrocatalytic method provides straightforward access to the N-heteroaromatic compounds from readily available materials without the need for external chemical oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Hou
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yi Mao
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
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18
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Kanarat J, Bunchuay T, Klysubun W, Tantirungrotechai J. Cu
2
O‐CuO/Chitosan Composites as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Benzylic C−H Oxidation at Room Temperature. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurin Kanarat
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Thanthapatra Bunchuay
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Wantana Klysubun
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI) 111 University Avenue, Muang District Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Jonggol Tantirungrotechai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
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19
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Novaes LFT, Liu J, Shen Y, Lu L, Meinhardt JM, Lin S. Electrocatalysis as an enabling technology for organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7941-8002. [PMID: 34060564 PMCID: PMC8294342 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry has recently gained increased attention as a versatile strategy for achieving challenging transformations at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry. Electrochemistry's unique ability to generate highly reactive radical and radical ion intermediates in a controlled fashion under mild conditions has inspired the development of a number of new electrochemical methodologies for the preparation of valuable chemical motifs. Particularly, recent developments in electrosynthesis have featured an increased use of redox-active electrocatalysts to further enhance control over the selective formation and downstream reactivity of these reactive intermediates. Furthermore, electrocatalytic mediators enable synthetic transformations to proceed in a manner that is mechanistically distinct from purely chemical methods, allowing for the subversion of kinetic and thermodynamic obstacles encountered in conventional organic synthesis. This review highlights key innovations within the past decade in the area of synthetic electrocatalysis, with emphasis on the mechanisms and catalyst design principles underpinning these advancements. A host of oxidative and reductive electrocatalytic methodologies are discussed and are grouped according to the classification of the synthetic transformation and the nature of the electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F T Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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20
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Sokolovs I, Mohebbati N, Francke R, Suna E. Electrochemical Generation of Hypervalent Bromine(III) Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15832-15837. [PMID: 33894098 PMCID: PMC8362160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In sharp contrast to hypervalent iodine(III) compounds, the isoelectronic bromine(III) counterparts have been little studied to date. This knowledge gap is mainly attributed to the difficult-to-control reactivity of λ3 -bromanes as well as to their challenging preparation from the highly toxic and corrosive BrF3 precursor. In this context, we present a straightforward and scalable approach to chelation-stabilized λ3 -bromanes by anodic oxidation of parent aryl bromides possessing two coordinating hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropanyl substituents. A series of para-substituted λ3 -bromanes with remarkably high redox potentials spanning a range from 1.86 V to 2.60 V vs. Ag/AgNO3 was synthesized by the electrochemical method. We demonstrate that the intrinsic reactivity of the bench-stable bromine(III) species can be unlocked by addition of a Lewis or a Brønsted acid. The synthetic utility of the λ3 -bromane activation is exemplified by oxidative C-C, C-N, and C-O bond forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igors Sokolovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisAizkraukles 211006RigaLatvia
- Institute of ChemistryRostock UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Nayereh Mohebbati
- Leibniz Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
- Institute of ChemistryRostock UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
- Institute of ChemistryRostock UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisAizkraukles 211006RigaLatvia
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of LatviaJelgavas 11004RigaLatvia
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21
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Sokolovs I, Mohebbati N, Francke R, Suna E. Electrochemical Generation of Hypervalent Bromine(III) Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igors Sokolovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 1006 Riga Latvia
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Nayereh Mohebbati
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 1006 Riga Latvia
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Latvia Jelgavas 1 1004 Riga Latvia
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22
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Visual Detection of Triethylamine and a Dual Input/Output Logic Gate Based on a Eu 3+-Complex. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113244. [PMID: 34071311 PMCID: PMC8198769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of Ln3+-metal centered complexes, Ln(TTA)3(DPPI) (Ln = La, 1; Ln = Eu, 2; Ln = Tb, 3; or Ln = Gd, 4) [(DPPI = N-(4-(1H-imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine) and (TTA = 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone)] have been synthesized and characterized. Among which, the Eu3+-complex shows efficient purity red luminescence in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution, with a Commission International De L’ Eclairage (CIE) coordinate at x = 0.638, y = 0.323 and ΦEuL = 38.9%. Interestingly, increasing the amounts of triethylamine (TEA) in the solution regulates the energy transfer between the ligand and the Eu3+-metal center, which further leads to the luminescence color changing from red to white, and then bluish-green depending on the different excitation wavelengths. Based on this, we have designed the IMPLICATION logic gate for TEA recognition by applying the amounts of TEA and the excitation wavelengths as the dual input signal, which makes this Eu3+-complex a promising candidate for TEA-sensing optical sensors.
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23
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Begantsova YE, Zvagelsky R, Baranov EV, Chubich DA, Chechet YV, Kolymagin DA, Pisarenko AV, Vitukhnovsky AG, Chesnokov SA. Imidazole-containing photoinitiators for fabrication of sub-micron structures by 3D two-photon polymerization. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Chen X, Sun P, Mo B, Chen C, Peng J. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fluorescent Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through Annulation Reaction of Benzimidazoles and Alkynyl Bromides with Internal Alkynes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:352-366. [PMID: 33251795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of fused azapolycycles based on (benz)imidazole and pyridine scaffolds has been developed. In all cases, the first nucleophilic addition of (benz)imidazoles to alkynyl bromides in tert-pentyl alcohol can proceed in a stereoselective manner to provide (Z)-N-(1-bromo-1-alken-2-yl)benzimidazoles at 110 °C. Sequentially, these adducts containing alkenyl bromide can undergo Pd-catalyzed intermolecular C-H annulation in the presence of internal alkynes in dimethylacetamide, affording fluorescent (benz)imidazole-fused pyridines in good to high yields. These compounds generally exhibit blue or green fluorescences (454-503 nm for solution states and 472-506 nm for solid states), and the fluorescence quantum yields remained in 0.19-0.89 and 0.02-0.74 for solution and solid states, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.,Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.,Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Baichuan Mo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.,Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.,Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Peng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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25
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Yasui M, Hanaya K, Sugai T, Higashibayashi S. Metal-free thermal organocatalytic pinacol coupling of arylaldehydes using an isonicotinate catalyst with bis(pinacolato)diboron. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24652-24655. [PMID: 35481014 PMCID: PMC9036917 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04443e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The metal and light-free thermal organocatalytic pinacol coupling of arylaldehydes has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Tokyo 105-8512
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Tokyo 105-8512
- Japan
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26
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Kehl A, Schupp N, Breising VM, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Synthesis of Carbazoles by Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:15847-15851. [PMID: 32737905 PMCID: PMC7756279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A constant current protocol, employing undivided cells, a remarkably low supporting electrolyte concentration, inexpensive electrode materials, and a straightforward precursor synthesis enabling a novel access to N‐protected carbazoles by anodic N,C bond formation using directly generated amidyl radicals is reported. Scalability of the reaction is demonstrated and an easy deblocking of the benzoyl protecting group is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kehl
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Niclas Schupp
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valentina M Breising
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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27
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Sharma S, Roy A, Shaw K, Bisai A, Paul A. Electrochemical Synthesis of Dimeric 2-Oxindole Sharing Vicinal Quaternary Centers Employing Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14926-14936. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sulekha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - Avishek Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - Kundan Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Amit Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
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28
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Dolganov AV, Gants OY, Kostryukov SG, Balandina AV, Pryanichnikova MK, Kozlov AS, Lyukshin YI, Akhmatova AA, Zhirnova VO, Yudina AD, Timonina AS. Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of 2,5-Disubstituted Derivatives of 1,4-Bis(4,5-diphenylidimidazol-2-yl)benzene. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Chugunov DB, Okina EV, Timonina AS, Klimaeva LA, Selivanova YM. Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of 2,5-Disubstituted 1,4-Bis(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzene Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020070167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Jayabharathi J, Sivaraj S, Thanikachalam V, Seransenguttuvan B. Efficient blue electroluminescence with an external quantum efficiency of 9.20% and CIE y < 0.08 without excimer emission. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25059-25072. [PMID: 35517441 PMCID: PMC9055148 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03463k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatically substituted phenanthroimidazoles at the C6 and C9 positions enhanced the thermal, photochemical and electroluminescence properties due to extension of conjugation. These new materials exhibit good photophysical properties with high thermal stability, good film-forming property and high luminous efficiency. The electroluminescence performances of C6 and C9 modified phenanthroimidazoles as host emitters were evaluated as well as the dopant in the fabricated devices. Among the non-doped devices, pyrene substituted PPI-Py or PPICN-Py based devices show maximum efficiency: PPI-Py/PPICN-Py: η c (cd A-1) - 9.20/9.98; η p (lm W-1) - 8.50/9.16; η ex (%) - 5.56/5.80. The doped OLEDs, m-MTDATA/TAPC:PPI-Cz (4.81/4.85%), m-MTDATA/TAPC:PPICN-Cz (5.23/5.26%), m-MTDATA/TAPC:PPI-An (5.01/5.04%), m-MTDATA/TAPC:PPICN-An (5.25/5.28%), m-MTDATA/TAPC:PPI-Py (5.61/5.65%) and m-MTDATA/TAPC:PPICN-Py (5.76/5.78%) show improved device efficiencies compared to non-doped devices. Designing C6/C9 modified phenanthrimidazole fluorophores is an efficient strategy for constructing highly efficient OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sekar Sivaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar Tamilnadu - 608 002 India
| | | | - Balu Seransenguttuvan
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar Tamilnadu - 608 002 India
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31
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Roesel AF, Ugandi M, Huyen NTT, Májek M, Broese T, Roemelt M, Francke R. Electrochemically Catalyzed Newman-Kwart Rearrangement: Mechanism, Structure-Reactivity Relationship, and Parallels to Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8029-8044. [PMID: 32456428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The facilitation of redox-neutral reactions by electrochemical injection of holes and electrons, also known as "electrochemical catalysis", is a little explored approach that has the potential to expand the scope of electrosynthesis immensely. To systematically improve existing protocols and to pave the way toward new developments, a better understanding of the underlying principles is crucial. In this context, we have studied the Newman-Kwart rearrangement of O-arylthiocarbamates to the corresponding S-aryl derivatives, the key step in the synthesis of thiophenols from the corresponding phenols. This transformation is a particularly useful example because the conventional method requires temperatures up to 300 °C, whereas electrochemical catalysis facilitates the reaction at room temperature. A combined experimental-quantum chemical approach revealed several reaction channels and rendered an explanation for the relationship between the structure and reactivity. Furthermore, it is shown how rapid cyclic voltammetry measurements can serve as a tool to predict the feasibility for specific substrates. The study also revealed distinct parallels to photoredox-catalyzed reactions, in which back-electron transfer and chain propagation are competing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arend F Roesel
- Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mihkel Ugandi
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michal Májek
- Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Timo Broese
- Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Roemelt
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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32
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Qiu Y, Scheremetjew A, Finger LH, Ackermann L. Electrophotocatalytic Undirected C-H Trifluoromethylations of (Het)Arenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:3241-3246. [PMID: 31875327 PMCID: PMC7155051 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electrophotochemistry has enabled arene C-H trifluoromethylation with the Langlois reagent CF3 SO2 Na under mild reaction conditions. The merger of electrosynthesis and photoredox catalysis provided a chemical oxidant-free approach for the generation of the CF3 radical. The electrophotochemistry was carried out in an operationally simple manner, setting the stage for challenging C-H trifluoromethylations of unactivated arenes and heteroarenes. The robust nature of the electrophotochemical manifold was reflected by a wide scope, including electron-rich and electron-deficient benzenes, as well as naturally occurring heteroarenes. Electrophotochemical C-H trifluoromethylation was further achieved in flow with a modular electro-flow-cell equipped with an in-operando monitoring unit for on-line flow-NMR spectroscopy, providing support for the single electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youai Qiu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lars H. Finger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
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33
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Jang JH, Ahn S, Park SE, Kim S, Byon HR, Joo JM. Synthesis of Redox-Active Phenanthrene-Fused Heteroarenes by Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Annulation. Org Lett 2020; 22:1280-1285. [PMID: 32027138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed C-H annulation reactions of halo- and aryl-heteroarenes were developed using readily available o-bromobiaryls and o-dibromoaryls, respectively. A variety of five-membered heteroarenes rapidly provided the corresponding phenanthrene-fused heteroarenes, which led to the identification of phenanthro-pyrazole and thiazole as new, stable -2 V redox couples. The flexible syntheses and tunability of the redox potentials of these azole-fused phenanthrenes over a wide range are expected to facilitate their application as redox-active organic functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyeok Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Advanced Battery Center at KAIST Institute for NanoCentury , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Advanced Battery Center at KAIST Institute for NanoCentury , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryung Byon
- Department of Chemistry at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Advanced Battery Center at KAIST Institute for NanoCentury , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
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34
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Vanga M, Sa S, Kumari A, Murali AC, Nayak P, Das R, Venkatasubbaiah K. Synthesis of π-extended B ← N coordinated phenanthroimidazole dimers and their linear and nonlinear optical properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7737-7746. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
B ← N coordinated phenanthroimidazole dimers exhibit excellent fluorescence quantum yields in solution and conjugation length dependant two-photon-absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukundam Vanga
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Shreenibasa Sa
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Anupa Kumari
- School of Physical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Anna Chandrasekar Murali
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Prakash Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Ritwick Das
- School of Physical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Krishnan Venkatasubbaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
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35
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Kim DH, Han YW, Moon DK. A comparative investigation of dibenzo[a,c]phenazine and quinoxaline donor–acceptor conjugated polymers: Correlation of planar structure and intramolecular charge transfer properties. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hilt
- Institut für ChemieOldenburg University Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9–11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
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37
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Lu N, Liu H, Huang R, Gu Y, Yan X, Zhang T, Xu Z, Xu H, Xing Y, Song Y, Li X, Zhang Z. Charge Transfer Platform and Catalytic Amplification of Phenanthroimidazole Derivative: A New Strategy for DNA Bases Recognition. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11938-11945. [PMID: 31429273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Research about DNA composition has been concentrated on DNA damage in the past few decades. However, it still remains a great challenge to construct a rapid, facile, and accurate approach for simultaneously monitoring four DNA bases, guanine (G), adenine (A), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on phenanthroimidazole derivative, 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]-imidazole (PPI), is successfully fabricated by a simple electrochemical method. The bromophenyl group in PI could expand their aromatic plane, induce the π-conjugated extension, and enhance the charge transfer and π-π interaction. The phenyl group at N1 position could regulate the intermolecular interaction, which could promote the possibility of intermolecular connection. The PPI polymer (poly(PPI)) with π-electron enriched conjugation architecture has been applied in simultaneous determination of G, A, T, and C in neutral solution by square wave voltammetry (SWV) method with well-separated peak potentials at 0.714, 1.004, 1.177, and 1.353 V, respectively. The sensor functionalized with poly(PPI) exhibits wide linear response for G, A, T, and C in the concentration ranges of 3-300, 1-300, 30-800, and 20-750 μM, respectively. With favorable selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, the sensor is successfully utilized to monitor four DNA bases in real samples, displaying a promising prospect for electrochemical sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Lu
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - He Liu
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Rui Huang
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Yue Gu
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Xiaoyi Yan
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Zhiqian Xu
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Haixin Xu
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Yue Xing
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Yu Song
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Xuwen Li
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Zhiquan Zhang
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Francke
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - R. Daniel Little
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA-93106 USA
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39
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Bilyalova AA, Tatarin SV, Kalle P, Smirnov DE, Zharinova IS, Kiselev YM, Dolzhenko VD, Bezzubov SI. Synthesis, Structure, Optical, and Electrochemical Properties of Iridium(III) Complexes with 2-Arylphenantroimidazoles and Dibenzoylmethane. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023619020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Li X, Chen X, Wang H, Chen C, Sun P, Mo B, Peng J. Palladium-catalyzed tandem one-pot synthesis of π-expanded imidazoles through a sequential Heck and oxidative amination reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4014-4023. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient palladium-catalyzed route for tandem one-pot synthesis of π-expanded imidazoles from 2-vinyl imidazoles and aryl halides is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Baichuan Mo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
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41
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Ito S, Nishimoto C, Nagai S. Sequential halochromic/mechanochromic luminescence of pyridyl-substituted solid-state emissive dyes: thermally controlled stepwise recovery of the original emission color. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A stepwise temperature-controlled emission-color switch has been achieved in a system that combines halochromic and mechanochromic luminescence in series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Ito
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Yokohama National University
- Yokohama 240-8501
- Japan
| | - Chika Nishimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Yokohama National University
- Yokohama 240-8501
- Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagai
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Yokohama National University
- Yokohama 240-8501
- Japan
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42
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Laudadio G, de Smet W, Struik L, Cao Y, Noël T. Design and application of a modular and scalable electrochemical flow microreactor. J Flow Chem 2018; 8:157-165. [PMID: 30931153 PMCID: PMC6404740 DOI: 10.1007/s41981-018-0024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry constitutes a mild, green and versatile activation method of organic molecules. Despite these innate advantages, its widespread use in organic chemistry has been hampered due to technical limitations, such as mass and heat transfer limitations which restraints the scalability of electrochemical methods. Herein, we describe an undivided-cell electrochemical flow reactor with a flexible reactor volume. This enables its use in two different modes, which are highly relevant for flow chemistry applications, including a serial (volume ranging from 88 μL/channel up to 704 μL) or a parallel mode (numbering-up). The electrochemical flow reactor was subsequently assessed in two synthetic transformations, which confirms its versatility and scale-up potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter de Smet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Struik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yiran Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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43
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Speckmeier E, Fischer TG, Zeitler K. A Toolbox Approach To Construct Broadly Applicable Metal-Free Catalysts for Photoredox Chemistry: Deliberate Tuning of Redox Potentials and Importance of Halogens in Donor-Acceptor Cyanoarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15353-15365. [PMID: 30277767 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The targeted choice of specific photocatalysts has been shown to play a critical role for the successful realization of challenging photoredox catalytic transformations. Herein, we demonstrate the successful implementation of a rational design strategy for a series of deliberate structural manipulations of cyanoarene-based, purely organic donor-acceptor photocatalysts, using 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as a starting point. Systematic modifications of both the donor substituents as well as the acceptors' molecular core allowed us to identify strongly oxidizing as well as strongly reducing catalysts (e.g., for an unprecedented detriflation of unactivated naphthol triflate), which additionally offer remarkably balanced redox potentials with predictable trends. Especially halogen arene core substitutions are instrumental for our targeted alterations of the catalysts' redox properties. Based on their preeminent electrochemical and photophysical characteristics, all novel, purely organic photoredox catalysts were evaluated in three challenging, mechanistically distinct classes of benchmark reactions (either requiring balanced, highly oxidizing or strongly reducing properties) to demonstrate their enormous potential as customizable photocatalysts, that outperform and complement prevailing typical best photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Speckmeier
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Tillmann G Fischer
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Kirsten Zeitler
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Leipzig , Johannisallee 29 , D-04103 Leipzig , Germany
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44
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Kehl A, Breising VM, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Synthesis of 5-Aryl-phenanthridin-6-one by Dehydrogenative N,C Bond Formation. Chemistry 2018; 24:17230-17233. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kehl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Valentina M. Breising
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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45
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da Silva LV, de Almeida AK, Xavier JA, Lopes CB, Silva FDADS, Lima PR, dos Santos ND, Kubota LT, Goulart MO. Phenol based redox mediators in electroanalysis. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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46
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Dehydrogenative reagent-free annulation of alkenes with diols for the synthesis of saturated O-heterocycles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3551. [PMID: 30177691 PMCID: PMC6120897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydrogenative annulation reactions are among the most straightforward and efficient approach for the preparation of cyclic structures. However, the applications of this strategy for the synthesis of saturated heterocycles have been rare. In addition, reported dehydrogenative bond-forming reactions commonly employ stoichiometric chemical oxidants, the use of which reduces the sustainability of the synthesis and brings safety and environmental issues. Herein, we report an organocatalyzed electrochemical dehydrogenative annulation reaction of alkenes with 1,2- and 1,3-diols for the synthesis of 1,4-dioxane and 1,4-dioxepane derivatives. The combination of electrochemistry and redox catalysis using an organic catalyst allows the electrosynthesis to proceed under transition metal- and oxidizing reagent-free conditions. In addition, the electrolytic method has a broad substrate scope and is compatible with many common functional groups, providing an efficient and straightforward access to functionalized 1,4-dioxane and 1,4-dioxepane products with diverse substitution patterns. Dehydrogenative annulation is a valuable approach to heterocycles, however, stoichiometric oxidants are often required. Here, the authors describe the electrochemical dehydrogenative annulation of diols and alkenes to generate dioxanes and dioxepanes under metal- and oxidant-free conditions.
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47
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Kärkäs MD. Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5786-5865. [PMID: 29911724 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sauermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tjark H. Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Youai Qiu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Sauer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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50
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Kumar Y, Jaiswal Y, Kumar A. Two-Step One-Pot Synthesis of Unsymmetrical (Hetero)Aryl 1,2-Diketones by Addition-Oxygenation of Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates to (Hetero)Arylacetonitriles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; 801103 Bihta Bihar India
| | - Yogesh Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; 801103 Bihta Bihar India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; 801103 Bihta Bihar India
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