1
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Oka Y, Masai H, Terao J. Multistate Structural Switching of [3]Catenanes with Cyclic Porphyrin Dimers by Complexation with Amine Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217002. [PMID: 36625214 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Catenanes with multistate switchable properties are promising components for next-generation molecular machines and supramolecular materials. Herein, we report a ligand-controlled switching method, a novel method for the multistate switching of catenanes controlled by complexation with added amine ligands. To verify this method, a [3]catenane comprising cyclic porphyrin dimers with a rigid π-system has been synthesized. Owing to the rigidity, the relative positions among the cyclic components of the [3]catenane can be precisely controlled by complexation with various amine ligands. Moreover, ligand-controlled multistate switching affects the optical properties of the [3]catenanes: the emission intensity can be tuned by modulating the sizes and coordination numbers of integrated amine ligands. This work shows the utility of using organic ligands for the structural switching of catenanes, and will contribute to the further development of multistate switchable mechanically interlocked molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Oka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, 332-0012, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Photoinduced electron transfer in triazole-bridged donor-acceptor dyads – A critical perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Yao Y, Deng Y, Kong L, Au-Yeung HY. Efficient Copper(I) Extraction by Ethylenediamine from Stable Catenane Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yulin Deng
- University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | | | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry Chong Yuet Ming Chemistry BuildingPokfulam Road NA Hong Kong HONG KONG
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4
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Hölzel H, Haines P, Kaur R, Lungerich D, Jux N, Guldi DM. Probing Charge Management across the π-Systems of Nanographenes in Regioisomeric Electron Donor-Acceptor Architectures. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8977-8986. [PMID: 35543627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by light-induced processes in nature to mimic the primary events in the photosynthetic reaction centers, novel functional materials combine electron donors and acceptors, i.e., (metallo)porphyrins (ZnP) and fullerenes (C60), respectively, with emerging materials, i.e., nanographenes. We utilized hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) due to its versatility regarding functionalization and physicochemical properties, to construct three regioisomeric ZnP-HBC-C60 conjugates, which foster geometrical diversity by arranging ZnP and C60 in ortho-, meta-, and para-positions to each other. The corresponding hexaarylbenzene (HAB) motifs, with an interrupted π-system, were also prepared. Transient absorption measurements disclosed the fast population of charge transfer as well as singlet and triplet charge-separated states. With the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we further conceive the communication across the HBCs and HABs. This work reveals the impact of both the geometrical arrangement with respect to through-space versus through-bond interactions and the structural rigidity/flexibility on the charge management across the different π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hölzel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Au-Yeung HY, Deng Y. Distinctive features and challenges in catenane chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3315-3334. [PMID: 35432874 PMCID: PMC8943846 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From being an aesthetic molecular object to a building block for the construction of molecular machines, catenanes and related mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) continue to attract immense interest in many research areas. Catenane chemistry is closely tied to that of rotaxanes and knots, and involves concepts like mechanical bonds, chemical topology and co-conformation that are unique to these molecules. Yet, because of their different topological structures and mechanical bond properties, there are some fundamental differences between the chemistry of catenanes and that of rotaxanes and knots although the boundary is sometimes blurred. Clearly distinguishing these differences, in aspects of bonding, structure, synthesis and properties, between catenanes and other MIMs is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their chemistry and explore the new opportunities from mechanical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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6
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Fontana LA, Rigolin VH, Braga CB, Ornelas C, Megiatto JD. Methodology for functionalization of water oxidation catalyst IrO x nanoparticles with hydrophobic and multi-functionalized chromophores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7398-7401. [PMID: 34225355 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02931b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a straightforward "click chemistry" methodology for the functionalization of water-oxidation catalyst iridium oxide nanoparticles (IrOx-NPs) with a multi-functionalized porphyrin-based photosynthetic model as sensitizer for the preparation of bioinspired photo-catalysts. This efficient method overcomes the usual aggregation issue found when decorating water oxidation nanocolloidal catalysts with hydrophobic sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liniquer A Fontana
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Vitor H Rigolin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Carolyne B Braga
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Jackson D Megiatto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
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7
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Balch AL, Winkler K. Electrochemistry of fullerene/transition metal complexes: Three decades of progress. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Pistner AJ, Martin MI, Yap GP, Rosenthal J. Synthesis, structure, electronic characterization, and halogenation of gold(III) phlorin complexes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The metalation chemistry of the phlorin, which is a non-aromatic tetrapyrrole macrocycle containing a single sp3-hybridized meso-carbon has remained underdeveloped, as compared to that of more traditional tetrapyrroles such as porphyrins, corroles and phthalocyanines. There have been few prior efforts to prepare metallophlorins, and those that have been reported have relied on either reduction or nucleophilic attack of parent metalloporphyrins, rather than direct metalation of freebase phlorin constructs. In this work, an alternate synthetic approach for preparation of gold(III) phlorin complexes that involves the first direct metalation of two different freebase phlorin derivatives (3H(Phl[Formula: see text] and 3H(Phl[Formula: see text] with AuBr3 to produce the stable and fully isolable gold(III) phlorin complexes Au(Phl[Formula: see text] and Au(Phl[Formula: see text] is reported. The first structural characterization of a metallophlorin bearing geminal dimethyl substituents at the sp3-hybridized meso-carbon via X-ray crystallography is also reported. In addition to the preparation of Au(Phl[Formula: see text] and Au(Phl[Formula: see text], the UV-vis absorption and redox properties of these two gold(III) phlorins in comparison to those of their freebase homologues is also detailed. Notably, the metallophlorins are characterized by panchromatic absorbance profiles and intense and broad bands that span the long-visible and into the near-IR regions, as well as two fully reversible oxidation and reduction waves as probed by cyclic voltammetry. Finally, the chlorination of Au(Phl[Formula: see text] using PhI(Cl[Formula: see text] was probed and it was found that this regioslective reaction generates monochlorinated (Au(Phl[Formula: see text]Cl)) and dichlorinated (Au(Phl[Formula: see text]Cl[Formula: see text] products, which were both structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J. Pistner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Maxwell I. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Glenn P.A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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9
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Rémy M, Nierengarten I, Park B, Holler M, Hahn U, Nierengarten J. Pentafluorophenyl Esters as Exchangeable Stoppers for the Construction of Photoactive [2]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2021; 27:8492-8499. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Rémy
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Boram Park
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Michel Holler
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Uwe Hahn
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Jean‐François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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10
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Fontana LA, Almeida MP, Alcântara AFP, Rigolin VH, Ribeiro MA, Barros WP, Megiatto JD. Ru(II)Porphyrinate-based molecular nanoreactor for carbene insertion reactions and quantitative formation of rotaxanes by active-metal-template syntheses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6370. [PMID: 33311502 PMCID: PMC7733472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectivity in N–H and S–H carbene insertion reactions promoted by Ru(II)porphyrinates currently requires slow addition of the diazo precursor and large excess of the primary amine and thiol substrates in the reaction medium. Such conditions are necessary to avoid the undesirable carbene coupling and/or multiple carbene insertions. Here, the authors demonstrate that the synergy between the steric shielding provided by a Ru(II)porphyrinate-based macrocycle with a relatively small central cavity and the kinetic stabilization of otherwise labile coordinative bonds, warranted by formation of the mechanical bond, enables single carbene insertions to occur with quantitative efficiency and perfect selectivity even in the presence of a large excess of the diazo precursor and stoichiometric amounts of the primary amine and thiol substrates. As the Ru(II)porphyrinate-based macrocycle bears a confining nanospace and alters the product distribution of the carbene insertion reactions when compared to that of its acyclic version, the former therefore functions as a nanoreactor. Selectivity in carbene insertion reactions promoted by Ru(II)porphyrinates is achieved only upon careful control of substrate stoichiometry. Here, the authors demonstrate that endotopic catalysis and formation of mechanical bonds enables carbene insertions to occur selectively and in quantitative yield regardless of substrate stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liniquer A Fontana
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marlon P Almeida
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Arthur F P Alcântara
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.,Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano, Estrada do Tamboril, 56200-000, Ouricuri, Brazil
| | - Vitor H Rigolin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Wdeson P Barros
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jackson D Megiatto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.
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11
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Zieleniewska A, Zhao X, Bauroth S, Wang C, Batsanov AS, Krick Calderon C, Kahnt A, Clark T, Bryce MR, Guldi DM. Resonance-Enhanced Charge Delocalization in Carbazole-Oligoyne-Oxadiazole Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18769-18781. [PMID: 33084308 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are notably few literature reports of electron donor-acceptor oligoynes, even though they offer unique opportunities for studying charge transport through "all-carbon" molecular bridges. In this context, the current study focuses on a series of carbazole-(C≡C)n-2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (n = 1-4) as conjugated π-systems in general and explores their photophysical properties in particular. Contrary to the behavior of typical electron donor-acceptor systems, for these oligoynes, the rates of charge recombination after photoexcitation increase with increasing electron donor-acceptor distance. To elucidate this unusual performance, we conducted detailed photophysical and time-dependent density functional theory investigations. Significant delocalization of the molecular orbitals along the bridge indicates that the bridging states come into resonance with either the electron donor or acceptor, thereby accelerating the charge transfer. Moreover, the calculated bond lengths reveal a reduction in bond-length alternation upon photoexcitation, indicating significant cumulenic character of the bridge in the excited state. In short, strong vibronic coupling between the electron-donating N-arylcarbazoles and the electron-accepting 1,3,4-oxadiazoles accelerates the charge recombination as the oligoyne becomes longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zieleniewska
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Xiaotao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Changsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei S Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Krick Calderon
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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12
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Zhu L, Li J, Yang J, Au-Yeung HY. Cross dehydrogenative C-O coupling catalysed by a catenane-coordinated copper(i). Chem Sci 2020; 11:13008-13014. [PMID: 34094485 PMCID: PMC8163234 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05133k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic activity of copper(i) complexes supported by phenanthroline-containing catenane ligands towards a new C(sp3)–O dehydrogenative cross-coupling of phenols and bromodicarbonyls is reported. As the phenanthrolines are interlocked by the strong and flexible mechanical bond in the catenane, the active catalyst with an open copper coordination site can be revealed only transiently and the stable, coordinatively saturated Cu(i) pre-catalyst is quickly regenerated after substrate transformation. Compared with a control Cu(i) complex supported by non-interlocked phenanthrolines, the catenane-supported Cu(i) is highly efficient with a broad substrate scope, and can be applied in gram-scale transformations without a significant loss of the catalytic activity. This work demonstrates the advantages of the catenane ligands that provide a dynamic and responsive copper coordination sphere, highlighting the potential of the mechanical bond as a design element in transition metal catalyst development. The use of a catenane-supported copper(i) complex for the cross dehydrogenative C–O coupling of phenols and bromodicarbonyls is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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13
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next-Generation Large X-Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16104-16113. [PMID: 32492240 PMCID: PMC7689858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Red‐emissive π‐expanded diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) with fluorescence reaching λ=750 nm can be easily synthesized by a three‐step strategy involving the preparation of diketopyrrolopyrrole followed by N‐arylation and subsequent intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation. Comprehensive spectroscopic assays combined with first‐principles calculations corroborated that both N‐arylated and fused DPPs reach a locally excited (S1) state after excitation, followed by internal conversion to states with solvent and structural relaxation, before eventually undergoing intersystem crossing. Only the structurally relaxed state is fluorescent, with lifetimes in the range of several nanoseconds and tens of picoseconds in nonpolar and polar solvents, respectively. The lifetimes correlate with the fluorescence quantum yields, which range from 6 % to 88 % in nonpolar solvents and from 0.4 % and 3.2 % in polar solvents. A very inefficient (T1) population is responsible for fluorescence quantum yields as high as 88 % for the fully fused DPP in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Gutkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick M McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next‐Generation Large X‐Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Patrick M. McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | | | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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15
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Alcântara AFP, Fontana LA, Almeida MP, Rigolin VH, Ribeiro MA, Barros WP, Megiatto JD. Control over the Redox Cooperative Mechanism of Radical Carbene Transfer Reactions for the Efficient Active‐Metal‐Template Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2020; 26:7808-7822. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur F. P. Alcântara
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano Estrada do Tamboril 56200-000 Ouricuri Brazil
| | - Liniquer A. Fontana
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Marlon P. Almeida
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Vitor H. Rigolin
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Ribeiro
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 29075-910 Vitória Brazil
| | - Wdeson P. Barros
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Jackson D. Megiatto
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
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16
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Megiatto JD, Guldi DM, Schuster DI. Design, synthesis and photoinduced processes in molecular interlocked photosynthetic [60]fullerene systems. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00638a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical bond, an entanglement in space between component parts that cannot be separated without breaking or distorting chemical bonds between atoms, can be used as a versatile organizing principle in the design of artificial photosynthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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17
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Mondal P, Banerjee S, Rath SP. Controlling the Photophysics of Aromatic Guests Using a Cyclic Porphyrin Dimer: Synthesis, Structure, and Encapsulation‐Mediated “ON‐OFF” Switch. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016 Kanpur India
| | - Sayantani Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016 Kanpur India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016 Kanpur India
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18
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Biglova YN, Mustafin AG. Nucleophilic cyclopropanation of [60]fullerene by the addition–elimination mechanism. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22428-22498. [PMID: 35519493 PMCID: PMC9067310 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04036f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on the synthesis of monofunctionalized methanofullerenes C60 obtained by the addition–elimination mechanism is generalized. The main reagents for cyclopropanation, mechanisms and optimal conditions for the processes, and the prospects for practical application of the products are considered. Generalized material on the synthesis of monosubstituted methanofullerenes C60, obtained by the addition–elimination mechanism.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulya N. Biglova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ufa
- Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Akhat G. Mustafin
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Ufa
- Russian Federation
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19
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"Click" Methodology for the Functionalization of Water Oxidation Catalyst Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles with Hydrophobic Dyes for Artificial Photosynthetic Constructs. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29978411 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7786-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The unusually high tolerance toward chemical functional groups of the copper(I)-catalyzed Huisgen-Sharpless-Meldal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes protocol (the CuAAC or "click" reaction) associated with its mild conditions and high yields has been explored in the present methodology to successfully prepare water oxidation catalyst iridium oxide nanoparticles decorated with organic dyes. The "click reaction" has proven to be an excellent synthetic tool to overcome the incompatible solubility of the hydrophilic iridium oxide nanoparticles and the hydrophobic dyes. A complex artificial photosynthetic model designed to mimic the photoinduced redox processes occurring in photosystem II is used as a hydrophobic dye to highlight the efficiency and selectiveness of the method.
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20
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Alcântara AFP, Fontana LA, Rigolin VH, Andrade YFS, Ribeiro MA, Barros WP, Ornelas C, Megiatto JD. Olefin Cyclopropanation by Radical Carbene Transfer Reactions Promoted by Cobalt(II)/Porphyrinates: Active-Metal-Template Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur F. P. Alcântara
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano; Estrada do Tamboril 56200-000 Ouricuri PE Brazil
| | - Liniquer A. Fontana
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Vitor H. Rigolin
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Yuri F. S. Andrade
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Wdeson P. Barros
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Jackson D. Megiatto
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
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21
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Alcântara AFP, Fontana LA, Rigolin VH, Andrade YFS, Ribeiro MA, Barros WP, Ornelas C, Megiatto JD. Olefin Cyclopropanation by Radical Carbene Transfer Reactions Promoted by Cobalt(II)/Porphyrinates: Active-Metal-Template Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8979-8983. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur F. P. Alcântara
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano; Estrada do Tamboril 56200-000 Ouricuri PE Brazil
| | - Liniquer A. Fontana
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Vitor H. Rigolin
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Yuri F. S. Andrade
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Wdeson P. Barros
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Jackson D. Megiatto
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); POBox 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
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22
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Calbo J, Sancho-García JC, Ortí E, Aragó J. Quantum-Chemical Insights into the Self-Assembly of Carbon-Based Supramolecular Complexes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010118. [PMID: 29316675 PMCID: PMC6017611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how molecular systems self-assemble to form well-organized superstructures governed by noncovalent interactions is essential in the field of supramolecular chemistry. In the nanoscience context, the self-assembly of different carbon-based nanoforms (fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene) with, in general, electron-donor molecular systems, has received increasing attention as a means of generating potential candidates for technological applications. In these carbon-based systems, a deep characterization of the supramolecular organization is crucial to establish an intimate relation between supramolecular structure and functionality. Detailed structural information on the self-assembly of these carbon-based nanoforms is however not always accessible from experimental techniques. In this regard, quantum chemistry has demonstrated to be key to gain a deep insight into the supramolecular organization of molecular systems of high interest. In this review, we intend to highlight the fundamental role that quantum-chemical calculations can play to understand the supramolecular self-assembly of carbon-based nanoforms through a limited selection of supramolecular assemblies involving fullerene, fullerene fragments, nanotubes and graphene with several electron-rich π-conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Calbo
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain.
| | | | - Enrique Ortí
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain.
| | - Juan Aragó
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain.
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23
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Abstract
This review summarizes the synthesis and applications of various porphyrin–carbon nanoallotrope conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya S.
- Centre for Nano-materials and Displays
- B.M.S. College of Engineering
- Bengaluru
- India
| | | | - Gurumurthy Hegde
- Centre for Nano-materials and Displays
- B.M.S. College of Engineering
- Bengaluru
- India
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24
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Bagaki A, Gobeze HB, Charalambidis G, Charisiadis A, Stangel C, Nikolaou V, Stergiou A, Tagmatarchis N, D’Souza F, Coutsolelos AG. Axially Assembled Photosynthetic Antenna-Reaction Center Mimics Composed of Boron Dipyrromethenes, Aluminum Porphyrin, and Fullerene Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:10268-10280. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Bagaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Habtom B. Gobeze
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union
Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Asterios Charisiadis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Christina Stangel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Contantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Vasilis Nikolaou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Anastasios Stergiou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Contantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Contantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union
Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Athanassios G. Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
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25
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Salcedo R, Monroy O, Ruiz-Espinoza A, Fomina L. Simulation of [2]rotaxane and [2]catenane compounds containing fullerene fragments. Influence of the fullerene moiety. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Karmova FM, Lebedeva VS, Mironov AF. Fullerene-containing porphyrins: Synthesis and potential practical applications. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216090322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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28
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Moreira L, Calbo J, Aragó J, Illescas BM, Nierengarten I, Delavaux-Nicot B, Ortí E, Martín N, Nierengarten JF. Conjugated Porphyrin Dimers: Cooperative Effects and Electronic Communication in Supramolecular Ensembles with C 60. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15359-15367. [PMID: 27640915 PMCID: PMC5133674 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Two new conjugated porphyrin-based
systems (dimers 3 and 4) endowed with suitable
crown ethers have been
synthesized as receptors for a fullerene-ammonium salt derivative
(1). Association constants in solution have been determined
by UV–vis titration experiments in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. The designed hosts are able to associate up
to two fullerene-based guest molecules and present association constants
as high as ∼5 × 108 M–1.
Calculation of the allosteric cooperative factor α for supramolecular
complexes [3·12] and [4·12] showed a negative cooperative effect in both cases. The interactions
accounting for the formation of the associates are based, first, on
the complementary ammonium-crown ether interaction and, second, on
the π–π interactions between the porphyrin rings
and the C60 moieties. Theoretical calculations have evidenced
a significant decrease of the electron density in the porphyrin dimers 3 and 4 upon complexation of the first C60 molecule, in good agreement with the negative cooperativity
found in these systems. This negative effect is partially compensated
by the stabilizing C60–C60 interactions
that take place in the more stable syn-disposition
of [4·12].
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Moreira
- Laboratorie de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), ECPM , 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia , 46890 Paterna, Spain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia , 46890 Paterna, Spain
| | - Beatriz M Illescas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratorie de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), ECPM , 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Béatrice Delavaux-Nicot
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (UPR 8241), Université de Toulouse (UPS, INPT) , 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia , 46890 Paterna, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Imdea-Nanoscience , Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-François Nierengarten
- Laboratorie de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), ECPM , 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
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29
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Fensterbank H, Baczko K, Constant C, Idttalbe N, Bourdreux F, Vallée A, Goncalves AM, Méallet-Renault R, Clavier G, Wright K, Allard E. Sequential Copper-Catalyzed Alkyne–Azide Cycloaddition and Thiol-Maleimide Addition for the Synthesis of Photo- and/or Electroactive Fullerodendrimers and Cysteine-Functionalized Fullerene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8222-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Fensterbank
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, ILV, UMR-CNRS 8180, 45 avenue des
Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Krystyna Baczko
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, ILV, UMR-CNRS 8180, 45 avenue des
Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Céline Constant
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, ILV, UMR-CNRS 8180, 45 avenue des
Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Najat Idttalbe
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, ILV, UMR-CNRS 8180, 45 avenue des
Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Flavien Bourdreux
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, ILV, UMR-CNRS 8180, 45 avenue des
Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Anne Vallée
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, ILV, UMR-CNRS 8180, 45 avenue des
Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Marie Goncalves
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, ILV, UMR-CNRS 8180, 45 avenue des
Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Rachel Méallet-Renault
- Institut des Sciences
Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gilles Clavier
- P.P.S.M., ENS Cachan, UMR-CNRS 8531, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue
du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan Cedex, France
| | - Karen Wright
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, ILV, UMR-CNRS 8180, 45 avenue des
Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Allard
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, ILV, UMR-CNRS 8180, 45 avenue des
Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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30
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Mondal P, Rath SP. Cyclic Zinc(II) Bisporphyrin-Based Molecular Switches: Supramolecular Control of Complexation-Mediated Conformational Switching and Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2016; 22:5607-19. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur- 208016 India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur- 208016 India
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31
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Hayashi R, Slavík P, Mutoh Y, Kasama T, Saito S. Sequence-Selective Synthesis of Rotacatenane Isomers. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1175-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Hayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Petr Slavík
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- Research
Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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32
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Ladomenou K, Nikolaou V, Charalambidis G, Coutsolelos AG. “Click”-reaction: An alternative tool for new architectures of porphyrin based derivatives. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Rudolf M, Kirner SV, Guldi DM. A multicomponent molecular approach to artificial photosynthesis – the role of fullerenes and endohedral metallofullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:612-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00774g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we highlight recent advances in the field of solar energy conversion at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - S. V. Kirner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - D. M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Physical Biosciences Division
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Kirner SV, Henkel C, Guldi DM, Megiatto JD, Schuster DI. Multistep energy and electron transfer processes in novel rotaxane donor-acceptor hybrids generating microsecond-lived charge separated states. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7293-7304. [PMID: 28757988 PMCID: PMC5512142 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02895g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A new set of [Cu(phen)2]+ based rotaxanes, featuring [60]-fullerene as an electron acceptor and a variety of electron donating moieties, namely zinc porphyrin (ZnP), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and ferrocene (Fc), has been synthesized and fully characterized with respect to electrochemical and photophysical properties. The assembly of the rotaxanes has been achieved using a slight variation of our previously reported synthetic strategy that combines the Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (the "click" or CuAAC reaction) with Sauvage's metal-template protocol. To underline our results, complementary model rotaxanes and catenanes have been prepared using the same strategy and their electrochemistry and photo-induced processes have been investigated. Insights into excited state interactions have been afforded from steady state and time resolved emission spectroscopy as well as transient absorption spectroscopy. It has been found that photo-excitation of the present rotaxanes triggers a cascade of multi-step energy and electron transfer events that ultimately leads to remarkably long-lived charge separated states featuring one-electron reduced C60 radical anion (C60˙-) and either one-electron oxidized porphyrin (ZnP˙+) or one-electron oxidized ferrocene (Fc˙+) with lifetimes up to 61 microseconds. In addition, shorter-lived charge separated states involving one-electron oxidized copper complexes ([Cu(phen)2]2+ (τ < 100 ns)), one-electron oxidized zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc˙+; τ = 380-560 ns), or ZnP˙+ (τ = 2.3-8.4 μs), and C60˙- have been identified as intermediates during the sequence. Detailed energy diagrams illustrate the sequence and rate constants of the photophysical events occurring with the mechanically-linked chromophores. This work pioneers the exploration of mechanically-linked systems as platforms to position three distinct chromophores, which are able to absorb light over a very wide range of the visible region, triggering a cascade of short-range energy and electron transfer processes to afford long-lived charge separated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina V Kirner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Christian Henkel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Jackson D Megiatto
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , NY 10003 , USA .
| | - David I Schuster
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , NY 10003 , USA .
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Kirner SV, Arteaga D, Henkel C, Margraf JT, Alegret N, Ohkubo K, Insuasty B, Ortiz A, Martín N, Echegoyen L, Fukuzumi S, Clark T, Guldi DM. On-off switch of charge-separated states of pyridine-vinylene-linked porphyrin-C 60 conjugates detected by EPR. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5994-6007. [PMID: 29449913 PMCID: PMC5669314 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02051d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and electronic properties of a new series of D-π-A conjugates consisting of free base (H2P) and zinc porphyrins (ZnP) as electron donors and a fullerene (C60) as electron acceptor, in which the two electroactive entities are covalently linked through pyridine-vinylene spacers of different lengths, are described. Electronic interactions in the ground state were characterized by electrochemical and absorption measurements, which were further supported with theoretical calculations. Most importantly, charge-transfer bands were observed in the absorption spectra, indicating a strong push-pull behavior. In the excited states, electronic interactions were detected by selective photoexcitation under steady-state conditions, by time-resolved fluorescence investigations, and by pump probe experiments on the femto-, pico-, and nanosecond time scales. Porphyrin fluorescence is quenched for the different D-π-A conjugates, from which we conclude that the deactivation mechanisms of the excited singlet states are based on photoinduced energy- and/or electron transfer processes between H2P/ZnP and C60, mediated through the molecular spacers. The fluorescence intensity decreases and the fluorescence lifetimes shorten as the spacer length decreases and as the spacer substitution changes. With the help of transient absorption spectroscopy, the formation of charge-separated states involving oxidized H2P/ZnP and reduced C60 was confirmed. Lifetimes of the corresponding charge-separated states, which ranged from ∼400 picoseconds to 165 nanoseconds, depend on the spacer length, the spacer substitution, and the solvent polarity. Interestingly, D-π-A conjugates containing the longest linkers did not necessarily exhibit the longest charge-separated state lifetimes. The distances between the electron donors and the acceptors were calculated by molecular modelling. The longest charge-separated state lifetime corresponded to the D-π-A conjugate with the longest electron donor-acceptor distance. Likewise, EPR measurements in frozen media revealed charge separated states in all the D-π-A conjugates investigated. A sharp peak with g values ∼2.000 was assigned to reduced C60, while a broader, less intense signal (g ∼ 2.003) was assigned to oxidized H2P/ZnP. On-off switching of the formation and decay of the charge-separated states was detected by EPR at 77 K by repeatedly turning the irradiation source on and off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina V Kirner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Danny Arteaga
- Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias Naturales , Universidad del Valle , A.A. 25360 Cali , Colombia
| | - Christian Henkel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Johannes T Margraf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Computer Chemistry Center , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstr. 25 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Nuria Alegret
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , 43007 , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Material and Life Science , Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , ALCA and SENTAN , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- Department of Bioinspired Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Korea
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias Naturales , Universidad del Valle , A.A. 25360 Cali , Colombia
| | - Alejandro Ortiz
- Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias Naturales , Universidad del Valle , A.A. 25360 Cali , Colombia
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad Complutense 28040 , Madrid , Spain
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso , Texas 79968-0519 , USA
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science , Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , ALCA and SENTAN , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- Department of Bioinspired Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Korea
- Faculty of Science and Technology , Meijo University and ALCA and SENTAN , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Tempaku , Nagoya , Aichi 468-8502 , Japan
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Computer Chemistry Center , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstr. 25 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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Lebedeva MA, Chamberlain TW, Khlobystov AN. Harnessing the Synergistic and Complementary Properties of Fullerene and Transition-Metal Compounds for Nanomaterial Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11301-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Lebedeva
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Nanotechnology & Nanoscience Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Hayashi R, Mutoh Y, Kasama T, Saito S. Synthesis of [3]Rotaxanes by the Combination of Copper-Mediated Coupling Reaction and Metal-Template Approach. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7536-46. [PMID: 26161508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
[3]Rotaxanes with two axle components and one ring component were synthesized by the combination of a coupling reaction using a transition-metal catalyst and a metal-template approach. Thus, [2]rotaxanes were prepared by the oxidative dimerization of alkyne promoted by macrocyclic phenanthroline-CuI complexes. The [2]rotaxane was reacted with a Cu(I) salt and an acyclic ligand to generate a tetrahedral Cu(I) complex. Metal-free [3]rotaxane was isolated by the end-capping reaction of the acyclic ligand, followed by the removal of Cu(I) ion. The stability of the tetrahedral Cu(I) complexes depended on the size of both the ring component and the acyclic ligand, which was correlated with the yield of the corresponding [3]rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Hayashi
- †Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- †Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- ‡Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- †Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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Mondal P, Rath SP. Efficient Host-Guest Complexation of a Bisporphyrin Host with Electron Deficient Guests: Synthesis, Structure, and Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Kirner SV, Guldi DM, Megiatto JD, Schuster DI. Synthesis and photophysical properties of new catenated electron donor-acceptor materials with magnesium and free base porphyrins as donors and C60 as the acceptor. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1145-1160. [PMID: 25482308 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new series of nanoscale electron donor-acceptor systems with [2]catenane architectures has been synthesized, incorporating magnesium porphyrin (MgP) or free base porphyrin (H2P) as electron donor and C60 as electron acceptor, surrounding a central tetrahedral Cu(I)-1,10-phenanthroline (phen) complex. Model catenated compounds incorporating only one or none of these photoactive moieties were also prepared. The synthesis involved the use of Sauvage's metal template protocol in combination with the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes ("click chemistry"), as in other recent reports from our laboratories. Ground state electron interactions between the individual constituents was probed using electrochemistry and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, while events occurring following photoexcitation in tetrahydrofuran (under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions) at various wavelengths were followed by means of time-resolved transient absorption and emission spectroscopies on the femtosecond and nanosecond time scales, respectively, complemented by measurements of quantum yields for generation of singlet oxygen. From similar studies with model catenates containing one or neither of the chromophores, the events following photoexcitation could be elucidated. The results were compared with those previously reported for analogous catenates based on zinc porphyrin (ZnP). It was determined that a series of energy transfer (EnT) and electron transfer (ET) processes take place in the present catenates, ultimately generating long-distance charge separated (CS) states involving oxidized porphyrin and reduced C60 moieties, with lifetimes ranging from 400 to 1060 nanoseconds. Shorter lived short-distance CS states possessing oxidized copper complexes and reduced C60, with lifetimes ranging from 15 to 60 ns, were formed en route to the long-distance CS states. The dynamics of the ET processes were analyzed in terms of their thermodynamic driving forces. It was clear that intramolecular back ET was occurring in the inverted region of the Marcus parabola correlating rates and driving forces for electron transfer processes. In addition, evidence for triplet excited states as a product of either incomplete ET or back ET was found. The differences in behavior of the three catenates upon photoexcitation are analyzed in terms of the energy levels of the various intermediate states and the driving forces for EnT and ET processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina V Kirner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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40
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Synthesis and Preliminary Characterization of a PPE-Type Polymer Containing Substituted Fullerenes and Transition Metal Ligation Sites. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/672654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A substituted fullerene was incorporated into a PPE-conjugated polymer repeat unit. This subunit was then polymerized via Sonogashira coupling with other repeat units to create polymeric systems approaching 50 repeat units (based on GPC characterization). Bipyridine ligands were incorporated into some of these repeat units to provide sites for transition metal coordination. Photophysical characterization of the absorption and emission properties of these systems shows excited states located on both the fullerene and aromatic backbone of the polymers that exist in a thermally controlled equilibrium. Future work will explore other substituted polyaromatic systems using similar methodologies.
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41
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Filatov MA, Etzold F, Gehrig D, Laquai F, Busko D, Landfester K, Baluschev S. Interplay between singlet and triplet excited states in a conformationally locked donor–acceptor dyad. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:19207-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03784k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical characterization of a palladium(ii) porphyrin – anthracene dyad bridged via short and conformationally rigid bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene spacer were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Filatov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Polymers
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
| | - Fabian Etzold
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Dominik Gehrig
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)
- Material Science and Engineering (MSE)
| | - Dmitri Busko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | | - Stanislav Baluschev
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Optics and Spectroscopy Department
- Faculty of Physics
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42
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Nierengarten I, Nierengarten JF. The impact of copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in fullerene chemistry. CHEM REC 2014; 15:31-51. [PMID: 25392909 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Click reactions largely cross the borders of organic synthetic chemistry and are now at the forefront of many interdisciplinary studies at the interfaces between chemistry, physics, and biology. As part of this research, our group is involved in a program on the development of clickable fullerene building blocks and their application in the preparation of a large variety of new advanced materials and bioactive compounds. Importantly, the introduction of the click chemistry concept in fullerene chemistry allowed us to produce compounds that would barely be accessible by using the classical tools of fullerene chemistry. This is particularly the case for the conjugation of fullerenes with other carbon nanoforms, such as carbon nanohorns and graphene. It is also the case for most of the sophisticated molecular ensembles constructed from clickable fullerene hexa-adduct building blocks. In this paper, we have summarized our ongoing progress in this particular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Campbell CJ, Leigh DA, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Woltering SL. A Simple and Highly Effective Ligand System for the Copper(I)-Mediated Assembly of Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Campbell CJ, Leigh DA, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Woltering SL. A simple and highly effective ligand system for the copper(I)-mediated assembly of rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13771-4. [PMID: 25314000 PMCID: PMC4502974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A [2]rotaxane was produced through the assembly of a picolinaldehyde, an amine, and a bipyridine macrocycle around a Cu(I) template by imine bond formation in close-to-quantitative yield. An analogous [3]rotaxane is obtained in excellent yield by replacing the amine with a diamine, thus showing the suitability of the system for the construction of higher order interlocked structures. The rotaxanes are formed within a few minutes simply through mixing the components in solution at room temperature and they can be isolated through removal of the solvent or precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Campbell
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ (UK)
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46
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Kojima T, Kobayashi R, Ishizuka T, Yamakawa S, Kotani H, Nakanishi T, Ohkubo K, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Fukuzumi S. Binding of Scandium Ions to Metalloporphyrin-Flavin Complexes for Long-Lived Charge Separation. Chemistry 2014; 20:15518-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Constant C, Albert S, Zivic N, Baczko K, Fensterbank H, Allard E. Orthogonal functionalization of a fullerene building block through copper-catalyzed alkyne–azide and thiol–maleimide click reactions. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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48
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Kaufmann L, Traulsen NL, Springer A, Schröder HV, Mäkelä T, Rissanen K, Schalley CA. Evaluation of multivalency as an organization principle for the efficient synthesis of doubly and triply threaded amide rotaxanes. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Nguyen NT, Hofkens J, Scheblykin IG, Kruk M, Dehaen W. Click Reaction Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Dendritic Metalloporphyrins. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Tancini F, Monti F, Howes K, Belbakra A, Listorti A, Schweizer WB, Reutenauer P, Alonso-Gómez JL, Chiorboli C, Urner LM, Gisselbrecht JP, Boudon C, Armaroli N, Diederich F. Cyanobuta-1,3-dienes as Novel Electron Acceptors for Photoactive Multicomponent Systems. Chemistry 2013; 20:202-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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