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Kang HW, Liu YC, Shao WK, Wei YC, Hsieh CT, Chen BH, Lu CH, Yang SD, Cheng MJ, Chou PT, Chiang MH, Wu YT. Synthesis, structural analysis, and properties of highly twisted alkenes 13,13'-bis(dibenzo[a,i]fluorenylidene) and its derivatives. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5248. [PMID: 37640729 PMCID: PMC10462764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The rotation of a C = C bond in an alkene can be efficiently accelerated by creating the high-strain ground state and stabilizing the transition state of the process. Herein, the synthesis, structures, and properties of several highly twisted alkenes are comprehensively explored. A facile and practical synthetic approach to target molecules is developed. The twist angles and lengths of the central C = C bonds in these molecules are 36-58° and 1.40-1.43 Å, respectively, and confirmed by X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations. A quasi-planar molecular half with the π-extended substituents delivers a shallow rotational barrier (down to 2.35 kcal/mol), indicating that the rotation of the C = C bond is as facile as that of the aryl-aryl bond in 2-flourobiphenyl. Other versatile and unique properties of the studied compounds include a broad photoabsorption range (from 250 up to 1100 nm), a reduced HOMO-LUMO gap (1.26-1.68 eV), and a small singlet-triplet energy gap (3.65-5.68 kcal/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Kang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Shao
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tien Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Roy S, Paul S, Misra A. A Theoretical Account of the Coupling between Metal- and Ligand-centred Spins. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200889. [PMID: 36622254 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the magnetic interaction between paramagnetic metal ions and the radical ligands taking the [CuII (hfac)2 (imVDZ)] and [MII (hfac)2 (pyDTDA)] (imVDZ=1,5-dimethyl-3-(1-methyl-2-imidazolyl)-6-oxoverdazyl; hfac=(1,1,1,5,5,5)hexafluroacetylacetonate; pyDTDA=4-(2'-pyridyl)-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl), (M=Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) compounds as reference systems. The coupling between the metal and ligand spins is quantified in terms of the exchange coupling constant (J) in the platform of density functional theory (DFT) and the wave function-based complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method. Application of DFT and broken symmetry (BS) formalism results ferromagnetic coupling for all the transition metal complexes except the Mn(II) complex. This DFT-BS prediction of magnetic nature matches with the experimental finding for all the complexes other than the Fe(II)-pyDTDA complex, for which an antiferromagnetic coupling between high spin iron and the thiazyl ligand has been reported. However, evaluation of spin state energetics through the multiconfigurational wave function-based method produces the S=3/2 ground spin state for the iron-thiazyl in parity with experiment. Electronic structure analyses find the overlap between the metal- and ligand-based singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs) to be one of the major reasons attributing to different extent of exchange coupling in the systems under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriparna Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, Darjeeling , 734013, India
| | - Satadal Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Bangabasi Morning College, 19 R.C Sarani, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Anirban Misra
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, Darjeeling , 734013, India
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Kimura T, Nakahodo T, Suzuki E, Nakanishi Y, Misaki Y, Ogawa S. Preparation, Structure Determination, and Electrochemical Properties of 4,5‐Dialkylbenzo[1,2‐
d
:4,5‐
d’
]bis[1,2,3]triselenoles and Their Singlet and Triplet‐State Dications. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kimura
- Center for Instrumental Analysis Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Nakahodo
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kindai University Higashi Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Eiichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakanishi
- Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
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Kimura T, Baba M. Preparation and Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Boron (III) Subphthalocyanines with One to Three Trithiole Rings. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kimura
- Center for Instrumental Analysis Iwate University 4-3-5 Ueda Morioka Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - Mizue Baba
- Center for Instrumental Analysis Iwate University 4-3-5 Ueda Morioka Iwate 020-8551 Japan
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Tang S, Zhang L, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Wang X. A Magnetically Robust Triplet Ground State Sulfur-Hydrocarbon Diradical Dication. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7340-7344. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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Fujita W. Ferromagnetic ordering in the organic radical cation salt BBDTA·Au(CN)2at 8.2 K. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:903-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An organic radical cation salt, BBDTA·Au(CN)2, with a slipped π-stacking columnar structure and intercolumnar short contacts, shows ferromagnetic ordering at 8.2 K, the highest reported temperature among the BBDTA+cation salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Fujita
- Department of Information and Biological Sciences
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences
- Nagoya City University
- Nagoya 467-8501
- Japan
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8
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Constantinides CP, Eisler DJ, Alberola A, Carter E, Murphy DM, Rawson JM. Weakening of the π*–π* dimerisation in 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl radicals: structural, EPR, magnetic and computational studies of dichlorophenyl dithiadiazolyls, Cl2C6H3CNSSN. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00308j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fujita W, Kikuchi K. Study of Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of a 1,3,2‐Dithiazolyl Radical Crystal, BBDTA·Cl. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami‐osawa 1‐1, Hachioji 192‐0397, Japan, http://www.comp.tmu.ac.jp/w‐fujita/Chemistry/Welcome.html
| | - Koichi Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami‐osawa 1‐1, Hachioji 192‐0397, Japan, http://www.comp.tmu.ac.jp/w‐fujita/Chemistry/Welcome.html
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Matsui H, Fukuda K, Hirosaki Y, Takamuku S, Champagne B, Nakano M. Theoretical study on the diradical characters and third-order nonlinear optical properties of cyclic thiazyl diradical compounds. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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12
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Jankowiak A, Pociecha D, Szczytko J, Monobe H, Kaszyński P. Photoconductive Liquid-Crystalline Derivatives of 6-Oxoverdazyl. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2465-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209467h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jankowiak
- Organic Materials
Research Group,
Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute of Experimental Physics,
Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hirosato Monobe
- Research Institute for Ubiquitous
Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Kansai Centre, Ikeda, Osaka
563-8577, Japan
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Organic Materials
Research Group,
Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403
Łódź, Poland
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Kanzaki Y, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T. Biradical Paradox Revisited Quantitatively: A Theoretical Model for Self-Associated Biradical Molecules as Antiferromagnetically Exchange Coupled Spin Chains in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1053-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211391x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kanzaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Popov VV, Konstantinova LS, Rakitin OA. Synthesis and reactivity of 1,3,2-dithiazoles (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-011-0838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Potts SV, Barbour LJ, Haynes DA, Rawson JM, Lloyd GO. Inclusion of Thiazyl Radicals in Porous Crystalline Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12948-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja204548d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Storm V. Potts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1EW
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Leonard J. Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Delia A. Haynes
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1EW
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, Canada, N9B 3P4
| | - Gareth O. Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1EW
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Decken A, Mailman A, Passmore J, Rautiainen JM, Scherer W, Scheidt EW. A prototype hybrid 7π quinone-fused 1,3,2-dithiazolyl radical. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:868-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00967a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Mattar SM, Durelle J. Calculation of the 4,5-dihydro-1,3,2-dithiazolyl radical g tensor components by the coupled-perturbed Kohn-Sham hybrid density functional and configuration interaction methods: a comparative study. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2010; 48 Suppl 1:S122-S131. [PMID: 20625978 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The g tensor components of the 4,5-dihydro-1,3,2-dithiazolyl (H2DTA•) radical, which is a basic building block for molecular magnets and spintronic devices, is calculated by the coupled-perturbed Kohn-Sham (CPKS) hybrid density functional (HDF) and multireference configuration interaction-sum over states (MRCI-SOS) techniques. In both methods, the diagonalized g tensor principal axes are found to be aligned with the radical's inertial axes. The tensor components are in very good agreement with those determined experimentally by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The MRCI technique produced g tensor components that are more accurate than those obtained by the CPKS-HDF method. Nonetheless, to get reasonable MRCI results, one must include the in-plane and out-of-plane interactions in an unbiased way. The minimum reference space that satisfies these conditions is generated from a complete active space of nine electrons in six orbitals [CAS(9,6)] and contains a(1), a(2), b(1) and b(2) type orbitals. In addition, the number of roots in the MRCI-SOS g tensor expansion should include all excited states that range from 0 to 56,000 cm(-1). The most accurate results are obtained using an MRCI-SOS/CAS(13,9) calculation. These g tensor components are within the experimental accuracy range of 1000 ppm. The one- and two-electron contributions to the g tensor components are separated and individually analyzed. The very good agreement with experiment opens the door for further accurate calculations of spin Hamiltonian tensors of larger DTA• radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba M Mattar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Laser, Atomic and Molecular Science, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
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Clarke CS, Jornet-Somoza J, Mota F, Novoa JJ, Deumal M. Origin of the Magnetic Bistability in Molecule-Based Magnets: A First-Principles Bottom-Up Study of the TTTA Crystal. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17817-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1057746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Clarke
- Departament de Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, Spain E-08028
| | - Joaquim Jornet-Somoza
- Departament de Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, Spain E-08028
| | - Fernando Mota
- Departament de Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, Spain E-08028
| | - Juan J. Novoa
- Departament de Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, Spain E-08028
| | - Mercè Deumal
- Departament de Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, Spain E-08028
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Winter SM, Roberts RJ, Mailman A, Cvrkalj K, Assoud A, Oakley RT. Thermal conversion of a pyridine-bridged bisdithiazolyl radical to a zwitterionic bisdithiazolopyridone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4496-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00775g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Alberola A, Eisler D, Less RJ, Navarro-Moratalla E, Rawson JM. Synthesis and characterisation of 3,4-dialkoxy-substituted benzo-1,3,2-dithiazolyl radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6114-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01282c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kanai K, Yoshida H, Noda Y, Iwasaki A, Suizu R, Tsutumi J, Imabayashi H, Ouchi Y, Sato N, Seki K, Awaga K. Electronic structure of disjoint diradical 4,4'-bis(1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl) thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:11432-6. [PMID: 20024413 DOI: 10.1039/b916396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of the thiazyl diradical, 4,4'-bis(1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl) (BDTDA), has been investigated by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. Stacked BDTDA dimers showed an energy band dispersion of about 0.3 eV for the highest occupied molecular orbital in the direction of the surface normal of the BDTDA solid film. The pi-orbital overlap between the stacked dimers therefore evolves into a quasi one-dimensional energy band along the dimer stacking direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Kanai
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Iwasaki A, Hu L, Suizu R, Nomura K, Yoshikawa H, Awaga K, Noda Y, Kanai K, Ouchi Y, Seki K, Ito H. Interactive Radical Dimers in Photoconductive Organic Thin Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Iwasaki A, Hu L, Suizu R, Nomura K, Yoshikawa H, Awaga K, Noda Y, Kanai K, Ouchi Y, Seki K, Ito H. Interactive Radical Dimers in Photoconductive Organic Thin Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4022-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fujita W, Kikuchi K. Magneto-Structural Correlations in a 1,3,2-Dithiazolyl Radical Crystal, BBDTA⋅GaBr4: Structure and Magnetic Properties of its Three Polymorphs. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:400-5. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Decken A, Mailman A, Passmore J. The preparation of the MF6− (M = As, Sb) salts of 1,4-benzoquinodal bridged bis-1,3,2-dithiazolylium utilizing the cycloaddition and oxidative dehydrogenation chemistry of SNSMF6 and observation of a hybrid semiquinoidal–thiazyl radical-cation by EPR. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:6077-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b910338d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Fujita W, Kikuchi K, Awaga K. Structural Study of a Dimerization Process in an Organic Radical Magnet, BBDTA⋅InBr4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Fujita W, Kikuchi K, Awaga K. Structural Study of a Dimerization Process in an Organic Radical Magnet, BBDTA⋅InBr4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9480-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Blockhuys F, Gritsan NP, Makarov AY, Tersago K, Zibarev AV. A Brave New World: The Heteroatom Chemistry of 1,3,2,4‐Benzodithiadiazines and Related Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200701051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Blockhuys
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium, Fax: +32‐3‐820‐2310
| | - Nina P. Gritsan
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute for Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu. Makarov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, Fax: +7‐383‐330‐9752
| | - Karla Tersago
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium, Fax: +32‐3‐820‐2310
| | - Andrey V. Zibarev
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, Fax: +7‐383‐330‐9752
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Kimura T, Ito S, Sasaki T, Ogawa S, Sato R, Kawai Y. Generation and detection of the radical cation and the dication derived from 4,9-diethyl[1,4]dihydrodithiino[5,6-f]benzotrithiole and its 5-oxide. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Decken A, Cameron TS, Passmore J, Rautiainen JM, Reed RW, Shuvaev KV, Thompson LK. Characterization of the Diradical •NSNSC−CNSSN• and [NSNSC−CNSSN][MF6]n (n = 1, 2). The First Observation of an Excited Triplet State in Dimers of 7π −CNSSN• Radicals. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:7436-57. [PMID: 17665904 DOI: 10.1021/ic700638n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preparation and full characterization of the main-group diradical *NSNSC-CNSSN*, 8, the MF6- salt (As, Sb) of radical cation +NSNSC-CNSSN*, 8*+, and the AsF6- salt of the dication +NSNSC-CNSSN+, 82+, are presented. 8, a=6.717 (4), b=11.701(2), c=8.269(3) A, alpha=gamma=90, beta=106.69(3) degrees, monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z=4, T=203 K; 8SbF6, a=6.523(2), b=7.780(2), c=12.012(4) A, alpha=91.994(4), beta=96.716(4), gamma=09.177(4) degrees, triclinic, space group P, Z=2, T=198 K; 8[AsF6]2, a=12.7919(14), b=9.5760(11), c=18.532(2) A, alpha=gamma=90, beta=104.034(2) degrees, monoclinic, space group Pn, Z=6, T=198 K. Preparation of 8MF6 was carried out via a reduction of [CNSNS]2[MF6]2 (M=As, Sb) with either ferrocene or a SbPh3-NBu4Cl mixture. In the solid state, diamagnetic 8SbF6 contains centrosymmetric dimers [8*+]2 linked via two-electron four-centered pi*-pi* interactions with a thermally excited triplet state as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). This is the first observation of a triplet excited state for a 7pi 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl radical dimer. The singlet-triplet gap of the [-CNSSN*]2 radical pair was -1800+/-100 cm(-1) (-22+/-1 kJ/mol) with the ZFS components |D|=0.0267(6) cm(-1) and |E|=0.0012(1) cm(-1), corresponding to an in situ dimerization energy of ca. -11 kJ/mol. Cyclic voltammetry measurements of 8[AsF6]2 showed two reversible waves associated with a stepwise reduction of the two isomeric rings [E1/2 (+2/+1)=1.03 V; E1/2 (+1/0)=0.47 V, respectively]. 8MF6 (M=As, Sb) was further reduced to afford the mixed main-group diradical 8, containing two isomeric radical rings. In solution, 8 is thermodynamically unstable with respect to *NSSNC-CNSSN*, but is isolable in the solid state because of its low solubility in SO2. Likewise, 8SbF6, 8 is dimeric, with pi*-pi* interactions between different isomeric rings, and consequently diamagnetic; however, a slight increase in paramagnetism was observed upon grinding [from C=6.5(3)x10(-4) emu.K/mol and temperature-independent paramagnetism (TIP)=1.3(1)x10(-4) emu/mol to C=3.2(1)x10(-3) emu.K/mol and TIP=9.0(1)x10(-4) emu/mol], accompanied by an increase in the lattice-defect S=1/2 sites [from 0.087(1) to 0.43(1)%]. Computational analysis using the multiconfigurational approach [CASSCF(6,6)/6-31G*] indicated that the two-electron multicentered pi*-pi* bonds in [8*+]2 and [8]2 have substantial diradical characters, implying that their ground states are diradicaloid in nature. Our results suggest that the electronic structure of organic-radical ion pairs, for example, [TTF*+]2, [TCNE*-]2, [TCNQ*-]2, [DDQ*-]2, and related pi dimers, can be described in a similar way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, E3B 6E2, Canada
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Alberola A, Collis RJ, Less RJ, Rawson JM. New synthetic pathways into dithiazolyl radicals: Preparation and characterisation of 3′-methyl-benzo-1,3,2-dithiazolyl, M’BDTA. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Breher F. Stretching bonds in main group element compounds—Borderlines between biradicals and closed-shell species. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Many kinds of radicals are stable enough to isolate, handle, and store without any special precautions. The diversity in molecular architectures of these stable radicals is sufficiently large that the common factors governing radical stability/persistence, geometric and electronic structure, association/dimerization preferences, and reactivity have generally not been well articulated or appreciated. This review provides a survey of the major classes of stable or persistent organic/organomain group radicals with a view to presenting a unified description of the interdependencies between radical molecular structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin G Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 3065 STN CSC, Victoria, B.C. V8W 3V6, Canada.
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Assignment of the benzo-1,2:4,5-bis(1,3,2-dithiazolyl) ground state using the broken symmetry technique. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fujita W, Awaga K, Kondo R, Kagoshima S. A One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer, BBDTA·InCl4: Possible Spin-Peierls Transition with High Critical Temperature of 108 K. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:6016-7. [PMID: 16669653 DOI: 10.1021/ja060979+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the crystal structure and magnetic properties of the organic radical cation salt, BBDTA.InCl4. This material formed a one-dimensional coordination polymer. Magnetic measurements indicated the spin-Peierls transition-like behavior at 108 K, which was higher than those typically observed for the other organic spin-Peierls materials. The structural aspects of the lattice distortion from X-ray diffraction measurements at 50 K have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Fujita
- Research Center of Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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Alberola A, Collis RJ, Humphrey SM, Less RJ, Rawson JM. Spin Transitions in a Dithiazolyl Radical: Preparation, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of 3-Cyanobenzo-1,3,2-dithiazolyl, C7H3S2N2•. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:1903-5. [PMID: 16499348 DOI: 10.1021/ic051935p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of the electronegative cyano group into the structure of the title dithiazolyl radical 1 induces a lamellar packing motif that favors spin-transition behavior. Variable-temperature magnetic studies on 1 reveal a reversible phase transition at 250 K between a diamagnetic low-temperature phase and a paramagnetic high-temperature phase. X-ray crystal structures at 180(2) and 300(2) K reveal that both phases crystallize in the space group P2(1)/c, with the phase transition associated with a doubling of the crystallographic a axis. The concomitant change in magnetic properties is associated with a change from a paramagnetic regular pi stack of radicals and a diamagnetic distorted pi stack in which an energy gap opens up at the Fermi level corresponding to a Peierls-like transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alberola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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37
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Mattar SM, Sanford J, Goodfellow AD. g Tensor computation of the thiopheno-1,3,2-dithiazolyl radical by the coupled-perturbed Kohn–Sham hybrid density functional method. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Rawson JM, Alberola A, Whalley A. Thiazyl radicals: old materials for new molecular devices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b603199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Awaga K, Tanaka T, Shirai T, Fujimori M, Suzuki Y, Yoshikawa H, Fujita W. Multi-Dimensional Crystal Structures and Unique Solid-State Properties of Heterocyclic Thiazyl Radicals and Related Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kobayashi A, Fujiwara E, Kobayashi H. Single-component molecular metals with extended-TTF dithiolate ligands. Chem Rev 2005; 104:5243-64. [PMID: 15535649 DOI: 10.1021/cr030656l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kobayashi
- Research Centre for Spectrochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Alberola A, Farley RD, Humphrey SM, McManus GD, Murphy DM, Rawson JM. EPR studies on the thiophenodithiazolyl radical, C4H2S3N˙. Dalton Trans 2005:3838-45. [PMID: 16311636 DOI: 10.1039/b508912c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective chlorination of thiophene-2,3-dithiol with SO(2)Cl(2) generates the corresponding sulfenyl chloride, 2,3-C(4)H(2)S(SCl)(2). Subsequent condensation with Me(3)SiN(3) yields the thiophenodithiazolylium salt [C(4)H(2)S(3)N]Cl, [TDTA]Cl. The structure of the cation, TDTA+, was established by X-ray diffraction as both its AsF(6)(-) and HSO(4)(-) salts. Reduction of [TDTA]Cl with Ag powder yields the radical TDTA* which was characterised by X- and Q-band (9 and 34 GHz) EPR and ENDOR studies. The spin density distributions estimated from the EPR/ENDOR measurements were found to be in very good agreement with those determined by DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) indicating that ca 10% of the spin density is delocalised onto the thiophene ring. Comparison of the spin density distributions in TDTA* and the isoelectronic trithiatriazapentalenyl radical C(2)S(3)N(3), TTTA*, indicates that replacement of N by C-H leads to a localisation of the spin density on the dithiazolyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alberola
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UKCB2 1EW
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Kimura T, Ito K, Ogawa S, Sato R, Kawai Y. Generation and structure determination of 5,6-bis(methylthio)-4,7-diethylbenzo[1,2,3]trithiole dication MBT(2+). HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Crystal structure and magnetic properties of a thiazyl organic ferromagnet, BBDTA·GaCl4 with Tc=7.0 K. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fujita W, Awaga K, Takahashi M, Takeda M, Yamazaki T. Spontaneous magnetization below 44 K in (benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bis[1,3,2]dithiazole)·FeCl4 driven by evaporation of crystal solvent. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Süss HI, Wuest T, Sieber A, Althaus R, Budde F, Lüthi HP, McManus GD, Rawson J, Hulliger J. Alignment of radicals into chains by a Markov mechanism for polarity formation. CrystEngComm 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b202194n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Shultz DA, Fico RM, Boyle PD, Kampf JW. Observation of a hysteretic phase transition in a crystalline dinitroxide biradical that leads to magnetic bistability. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:10403-4. [PMID: 11603998 DOI: 10.1021/ja011341v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D A Shultz
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
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Cordes AW, Mingie JR, Oakley RT, Reed RW, Zhang H. Quinoxaline-1,2,3-dithiazolyls Synthesis, EPR characterization, and redox chemistry. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/v01-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of quinoxalineaminothiol with SCl2 or S2Cl2/Cl2 affords a series of compounds based on the quinoxaline-1,2,3-dithiazole framework QDTA. Under highly oxidizing conditions, the 1,2,3-dithiazolyl ring is opened to afford the acyclic dichlorosulfimino-sulfenyl chlorides Clx-QDTA-Cl3 (x = 0, 1, 2). Reduction of these "trichloro" compounds leads to ring closure. For x = 2, reduction using S2Cl2 affords the dithiazolylium chloride [Cl2-QDTA][Cl]. For all values of x, reduction with iodide ion (3 mol equiv) affords the corresponding dithiazolyl radical [Clx-QDTA]. The radicals can be isolated in good yield in crude form, but attempts to purify them by vacuum sublimation lead to thermal degradation. The radicals have nonetheless been fully characterized by EPR spectroscopy, and the assignments of the observed hyperfine coupling constants cross-matched with those obtained by computation at the B3LYP/6-31G** level. The structures of the trichloro compounds Clx-QDTA-Cl3 (x = 1, 2) have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data: Cl-QDTA-Cl3, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 30.561(5) Å, b = 4.9764(9) Å, c = 22.247(4) Å, β = 131.822(14)°, V = 2521.4(8) Å3, Z = 8, R(F) = 0.043, and Rw(F) [I [Formula: see text] σ (I)] = 0.049; Cl2-QDTA-Cl3, orthorhombic, space group Pnma, a = 18.627(12) Å, b = 6.848(4) Å, c = 10.926(7) Å, V = 1393.7(15) Å3, Z = 4, R(F) = 0.047, and Rw(F) [I [Formula: see text] 3σ(I)] = 0.060.Key words: thiazyl radicals, molecular conductors, EPR spectroscopy, quinoxaline, DFT calculations.
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Tanaka H, Okano Y, Kobayashi H, Suzuki W, Kobayashi A. A three-dimensional synthetic metallic crystal composed of single-component molecules. Science 2001; 291:285-7. [PMID: 11209074 DOI: 10.1126/science.291.5502.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Molecular metals normally require charge transfer between two different chemical species. We prepared crystals of [Ni(tmdt)2] (tmdt, trimethylenetetrathiafulvalenedithiolate) and carried out crystal structure analyses and resistivity measurements. The analyses and measurements revealed that these single-component molecular crystals are metallic from room temperature down to 0.6 kelvin. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations suggested that pi molecular orbitals form conduction bands. The compact molecular arrangement, intermolecular overlap integrals of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, and tight-binding electronic band structure calculation revealed that [Ni(tmdt)2] is a three-dimensional synthetic metal composed of planar molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Rauhut G. Recent Advances in Computing Heteroatom-Rich Five- and Six-Membered Ring Systems. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(01)81010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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50
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Munakata M, Ning GL, Suenaga Y, Kuroda-Sowa T, Maekawa M, Ohta T. A One-Dimensional Metallocyclophane with Columnar Aromatic Stacking: The Silver(I)η2-Coordination Complex of 1,2-Benztriphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001215)112:24<4729::aid-ange4729>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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