1
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Influence of structural properties of zinc complexes with N4-donor ligands on the catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides into cyclic carbonates. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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2
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Tran DK, Rashad AZ, Darensbourg DJ, Wooley KL. Sustainable synthesis of CO 2-derived polycarbonates from d-xylose. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00784j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic transformation of d-xylose into a four-membered cyclic ether allows for reactions with CO2 leading to linear polycarbonates by either ring-opening copolymerisation directly or by isolation of a six-membered cyclic carbonate followed by ring-opening polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Ahmed Z. Rashad
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | | | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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3
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Udomsasporn K, Haesuwannakij S, Piromjitpong P, Chumsaeng P, Phomphrai K. Comparative bindings of lactones, lactide, and cyclic carbonates: experimental insights into the coordination step of polymerization. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14378-14382. [PMID: 33047754 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03323e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Comparative bindings of several renowned monomers were investigated experimentally using B(C6F5)3 as a Lewis acid model for the coordination step in ring-opening polymerization. A complete series of the X-ray crystal structures of the B(C6F5)3 adducts with the monomers was reported. The X-ray structural studies and spectroscopic data revealed a coordination strength in the order lactones > tetrahydrofuran > cyclic carbonates > lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanchanok Udomsasporn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Setsiri Haesuwannakij
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Parichat Piromjitpong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Phongnarin Chumsaeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Khamphee Phomphrai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand. and Research Network of NANOTEC-VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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4
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Xu Y, Lin L, He CT, Qin J, Li Z, Wang S, Xiao M, Meng Y. Kinetic and mechanistic investigation for the copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide catalyzed by trizinc complexes. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00403f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of CO2/epoxide copolymerization catalyzed by Schiff base trizinc complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Limiao Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Chun-Ting He
- School of Materials Science & Energy Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528000
- PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Zhong Li
- School of Materials Science & Energy Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528000
- PR China
| | - Shuanjin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Min Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Yuezhong Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
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5
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Abbina S, Chidara VK, Bian S, Ugrinov A, Du G. Synthesis of ChiralC2-Symmetric Bimetallic Zinc Complexes of Amido-Oxazolinates and Their Application in Copolymerization of CO2and Cyclohexene Oxide. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Abbina
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Dakota; Address 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024 Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Vamshi K. Chidara
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Dakota; Address 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024 Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Shi Bian
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Dakota; Address 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024 Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; North Dakota State University; 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - Guodong Du
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Dakota; Address 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024 Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
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6
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Han B, Zhang L, Kyran SJ, Liu B, Duan Z, Darensbourg DJ. Copolymerization of carbon dioxide and cyclohexene oxide catalyzed by chromium complexes bearing semirigid [ONSO]-type ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- School of Chemical Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Samuel J. Kyran
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843
| | - Binyuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Zhongyu Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 China
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7
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Konieczynska MD, Lin X, Zhang H, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis of Aliphatic Poly(ether 1,2-glycerol carbonate)s via Copolymerization of CO 2 with Glycidyl Ethers Using a Cobalt Salen Catalyst and Study of a Thermally Stable Solid Polymer Electrolyte. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:533-537. [PMID: 35596282 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of linear poly(ether 1,2-glycerol carbonate)s derivatized with pendant butyl, octyl, or stearyl tethers are reported. The polymers are obtained via the ring-opening copolymerization of butyl, octyl, or stearic glycidyl ethers with carbon dioxide using the [rac-SalcyCoIIIDNP] catalyst bearing a quaternary ammonium salt. Synthesized polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and rheometry. Polymers with controlled molecular weights in the range of 8970-31 900 g/mol were obtained with low polydispersities between 1.1 and 1.4. Thermal properties of the materials confirm amorphous structures of the polymers with butyl and octyl chains, with glass transition temperatures of -24 and -34 °C, respectively. The stearyl tether polymer exhibited a melting point of 55 °C. Additionally, the potential of poly(butyl ether 1,2-glycerol carbonate) as a thermally stable solid polymer electrolyte was investigated, and it exhibits temperature-dependent conductivity with values comparable to those of optimized PEO-based electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena D. Konieczynska
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xinrong Lin
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Heng Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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8
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Abstract
The carbamate group is a key structural motif in many approved drugs and prodrugs. There is an increasing use of carbamates in medicinal chemistry and many derivatives are specifically designed to make drug-target interactions through their carbamate moiety. In this Perspective, we present properties and stabilities of carbamates, reagents and chemical methodologies for the synthesis of carbamates, and recent applications of carbamates in drug design and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Chemistry and
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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9
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Hua YZ, Yang XC, Liu MM, Song X, Wang MC, Chang JB. Asymmetric Copolymerization of Cyclopentene Oxide and CO2 Using a Dinuclear Zinc–AzePhenol Catalyst: Enlightened by DFT Calculations. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhao Hua
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 75, Daxue Street, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chao Yang
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 75, Daxue Street, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Liu
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 75, Daxue Street, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xixi Song
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 75, Daxue Street, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, P. R. China
| | - Min-Can Wang
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 75, Daxue Street, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Biao Chang
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 75, Daxue Street, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, P. R. China
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10
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Wan Y, Fan W, Guo Y, Chen C, Si Z. Ultraviolet light-emitting Cd II complexes: synthesis and property studies. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1004055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science & Technology, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wei Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science & Technology, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yanchao Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science & Technology, Changchun, PR China
| | - Cong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science & Technology, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zhenjun Si
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science & Technology, Changchun, PR China
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11
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He G, Shynkaruk O, Lui MW, Rivard E. Small Inorganic Rings in the 21st Century: From Fleeting Intermediates to Novel Isolable Entities. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7815-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400547x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Olena Shynkaruk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Melanie W. Lui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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12
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Xu J, Feng E, Song J. Renaissance of Aliphatic Polycarbonates: New Techniques and Biomedical Applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2014; 131:10.1002/app.39822. [PMID: 24994939 PMCID: PMC4076343 DOI: 10.1002/app.39822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic polycarbonates were discovered a long time ago, with their conventional applications mostly limited to low molecular weight oligomeric intermediates for copolymerization with other polymers. Recent developments in polymerization techniques have overcome the difficulty in preparing high molecular weight aliphatic polycarbonates. These in turn, along with new functional monomers, have enabled the preparation of a wide range of aliphatic polycarbonates with diverse chemical compositions and structures. This review summarizes the latest polymerization techniques for preparing well-defined functional aliphatic polycarbonates, as well as the new applications of those aliphatic polycarbonates, esecially in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Xu
- Department of Orthopedics & Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Ellva Feng
- Department of Orthopedics & Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Orthopedics & Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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13
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Rajendran NM, Haleel A, Reddy ND. Copolymerization of CO2 and Cyclohexene Oxide: β-Diketiminate-Supported Zn(II)OMe and Zn(II)Et Complexes as Initiators. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400977c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India 605 014
| | - A. Haleel
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India 605 014
| | - N. Dastagiri Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India 605 014
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14
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Flexibly Tethered Dinuclear Zinc Complexes: A Solution to the Entropy Problem in CO2/Epoxide Copolymerization Catalysis? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9821-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Lehenmeier MW, Kissling S, Altenbuchner PT, Bruckmeier C, Deglmann P, Brym AK, Rieger B. Zweikernige Zinkkomplexe mit flexibler Verbindung: die Lösung des Entropieproblems der katalytischen CO2/Epoxid-Copolymerisation? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Enthaler
- Department of Chemistry,
Cluster of Excellence “Unifying Concepts in Catalysis”, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. des 17.
Juni 115/C2, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Fang J, Walshe A, Maron L, Baker RJ. Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides Catalyzed by Uranyl Complexes: An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Reaction Mechanism. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:9132-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3015942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000,
China
- LPCNO, INSA Toulouse, 137 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse,
France
| | - Aurora Walshe
- School
of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, INSA Toulouse, 137 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse,
France
| | - Robert J. Baker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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18
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Sun X, Zhang X, Wei R, Du B, Wang Q, Fan Z, Qi G. Mechanistic insight into initiation and chain transfer reaction of CO
2
/cyclohexene oxide copolymerization catalyzed by zinccobalt double metal cyanide complex catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Ke Sun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xing‐Hong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ren‐Jian Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bin‐Yang Du
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Fan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guo‐Rong Qi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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19
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Selective copolymerization of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide catalyzed by a nanolamellar double metal cyanide complex catalyst at low polymerization temperatures. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Jutz F, Buchard A, Kember MR, Fredriksen SB, Williams CK. Mechanistic Investigation and Reaction Kinetics of the Low-Pressure Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by a Dizinc Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17395-405. [DOI: 10.1021/ja206352x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Jutz
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Antoine Buchard
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michael R. Kember
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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21
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Lehenmeier MW, Bruckmeier C, Klaus S, Dengler JE, Deglmann P, Ott AK, Rieger B. Differences in Reactivity of Epoxides in the Copolymerisation with Carbon Dioxide by Zinc-Based Catalysts: Propylene Oxide versus Cyclohexene Oxide. Chemistry 2011; 17:8858-69. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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23
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Jalilehvand F, Leung BO, Mah V. Cadmium(II) complex formation with cysteine and penicillamine. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:5758-71. [PMID: 19469490 DOI: 10.1021/ic802278r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The complex formation between cadmium(II) and the ligands cysteine (H(2)Cys) and penicillamine (H(2)Pen = 3,3'-dimethylcysteine) in aqueous solutions, having C(Cd(II)) approximately 0.1 mol dm(-3) and C(H(2)L) = 0.2-2 mol dm(-3), was studied at pH = 7.5 and 11.0 by means of (113)Cd NMR and Cd K- and L(3)-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. For all cadmium(II)-cysteine molar ratios, the mean Cd-S and Cd-(N/O) bond distances were found in the ranges 2.52-2.54 and 2.27-2.35 A, respectively. The corresponding cadmium(II)-penicillamine complexes showed slightly shorter Cd-S bonds, 2.50-2.53 A, but with the Cd-(N/O) bond distances in a similar wide range, 2.28-2.33 A. For the molar ratio C(H(2)L)/C(Cd(II)) = 2, the (113)Cd chemical shifts, in the range 509-527 ppm at both pH values, indicated complexes with distorted tetrahedral CdS(2)N(N/O) coordination geometry. With a large excess of cysteine (molar ratios C(H(2)Cys)/C(Cd(II)) >or= 10), complexes with CdS(4) coordination geometry dominate, consistent with the (113)Cd NMR chemical shifts, delta approximately 680 ppm at pH 7.5 and 636-658 ppm at pH 11.0, and their mean Cd-S distances were 2.53 +/- 0.02 A. At pH 7.5, the complexes are almost exclusively sulfur-coordinated as [Cd(S-cysteinate)(4)](n-), while at higher pH, the deprotonation of the amine groups promotes chelate formation. At pH 11.0, a minor amount of the [Cd(Cys)(3)](4-) complex with CdS(3)N coordination is formed. For the corresponding penicillamine solutions with molar ratios C(H(2)Pen)/C(Cd(II)) >or= 10, the (113)Cd NMR chemical shifts, delta approximately 600 ppm at pH 7.5 and 578 ppm at pH 11.0, together with the average bond distances, Cd-S 2.53 +/- 0.02 A and Cd-(N/O) 2.30-2.33 A, indicate that [Cd(penicillaminate)(3)](n-) complexes with chelating CdS(3)(N/O) coordination dominate already at pH 7.5 and become mixed with CdS(2)N(N/O) complexes at pH 11.0. The present study reveals differences between cysteine and penicillamine as ligands to the cadmium(II) ion that can explain why cysteine-rich metallothionines are capable of capturing cadmium(II) ions, while penicillamine, clinically useful for treating the toxic effects of mercury(II) and lead(II) exposure, is not efficient against cadmium(II) poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Jalilehvand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4.
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24
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Mah V, Jalilehvand F. Cadmium(II) complex formation with glutathione. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 15:441-58. [PMID: 20035360 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Complex formation between heavy metal ions and glutathione (GSH) is considered as the initial step in many detoxification processes in living organisms. In this study the structure and coordination between the cadmium(II) ion and GSH were investigated in aqueous solutions (pH 7.5 and 11.0) and in the solid state, using a combination of spectroscopic techniques. The similarity of the Cd K-edge and L(3)-edge X-ray absorption spectra of the solid compound [Cd(GS)(GSH)]ClO(4).3H(2)O, precipitating at pH 3.0, with the previously studied cysteine compound {Cd(HCys)(2).H(2)O}(2).H(3)O(+).ClO(4) (-) corresponds to Cd(S-GS)(3)O (dominating) and Cd(S-GS)(4) four-coordination within oligomeric complexes with mean bond distances of 2.51 +/- 0.02 A for Cd-S and 2.24 +/- 0.04 A for Cd-O. For cadmium(II) solutions (C (Cd(II)) approximately 0.05 M) at pH 7.5 with moderate excess of GSH (C (GSH)/C (Cd(II)) = 3.0-5.0), a mix of Cd(S-GS)(3)O (dominating) and Cd(S-GS)(4) species is consistent with the broad (113)Cd NMR resonances in the range 632-658 ppm. In alkaline solutions (pH 11.0 and C (GSH)/C (Cd(II)) = 2.0 or 3.0), two distinct peaks at 322 and 674 ppm are obtained. The first peak indicates six-coordinated mononuclear and dinuclear complexes with CdS(2)N(2)(N/O)(2) and CdSN(3)O(2) coordination in fast exchange, whereas the second corresponds to Cd(S-GS)(4) sites. At high ligand excess the tetrathiolate complex, Cd(S-GS)(4), characterized by a sharp delta((113)Cd) NMR signal at 677 ppm, predominates. The average Cd-S distance, obtained from the X-ray absorption spectra, varied within a narrow range, 2.49-2.53 A, for all solutions (pH 7.5 and 11.0) regardless of the coordination geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Mah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Hu Y, Qiao L, Qin Y, Zhao X, Chen X, Wang X, Wang F. Synthesis and Stabilization of Novel Aliphatic Polycarbonate from Renewable Resource. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Qiao
- Polymer Material Engineering Lab, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhao
- Polymer Material Engineering Lab, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Jalilehvand F, Mah V, Leung BO, Mink J, Bernard GM, Hajba L. Cadmium(II) cysteine complexes in the solid state: a multispectroscopic study. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:4219-30. [PMID: 19351134 DOI: 10.1021/ic900145n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium(II) cysteinate compounds have recently been recognized to provide an environmentally friendly route for the production of CdS nanoparticles, used in semiconductors. In this article, we have studied the coordination for two cadmium(II) cysteinates, Cd(HCys)(2) x H(2)O (1) and {Cd(HCys)(2) x H(2)O}(2) x H(3)O(+)ClO(4)(-) (2), by means of vibrational (Raman and IR absorption), solid-state NMR ((113)Cd and (13)C), and Cd K- and L(3)-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Indistinguishable Cd K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and Cd L(3)-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra were obtained for the two compounds, showing similar local structure around the cadmium(II) ions. The vibrational spectra show that the cysteine amine group is protonated (NH(3)(+)) and not involved in bonding. The (113)Cd solid-state cross-polarization magic angle spinning NMR spectra showed a broad signal in the approximately 500-700 ppm range, with the peak maximum at about 650 ppm, indicating three to four coordinated thiolate groups. Careful analyses of low-frequency Raman and far-IR spectra revealed bridging and terminal Cd-S vibrational bands. The average Cd-S distance of 2.52 +/- 0.02 A that constantly emerged from least-squares curve-fitting of the EXAFS spectra is consistent with CdS(4) and CdS(3)O coordination. Both structural models yielded reasonable values for the refined parameters, with a slightly better fit for the CdS(3)O configuration, for which the Cd-O distance of 2.27 +/- 0.04 A was obtained. The Cd L(3)-edge XANES spectra of 1 and 2 resembled that of the CdS(3)O model compound and showed that the coordination around Cd(II) ions in 1 and 2 cannot be exclusively CdS(4). The small separation of 176 cm(-1) between the infrared symmetric and antisymmetric COO(-) stretching modes indicates monodentate or strongly asymmetrical bidentate coordination of a cysteine carboxylate group in the CdS(3)O units. The combined results are consistent with a "cyclic/cage" type of structure for both the amorphous solids 1 and 2, composed of CdS(4) and CdS(3)O units with single thiolate (Cd-S-Cd) bridges, although a minor amount of cadmium(II) sites with CdS(3)O(2-3) and CdS(4)O coordination geometries cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Jalilehvand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4.
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27
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Indium-catalyzed reaction for the synthesis of carbamates and carbonates: selective protection of amino groups. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Cui D, Nishiura M, Tardif O, Hou Z. Rare-Earth-Metal Mixed Hydride/Aryloxide Complexes Bearing Mono(cyclopentadienyl) Ligands. Synthesis, CO2 Fixation, and Catalysis on Copolymerization of CO2 with Cyclohexene Oxide. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800170x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Cui
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Olivier Tardif
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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29
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Duchateau R, van Meerendonk WJ, Huijser S, Staal BBP, van Schilt MA, Gerritsen G, Meetsma A, Koning CE, Kemmere MF, Keurentjes JTF. Silica-Grafted Diethylzinc and a Silsesquioxane-Based Zinc Alkyl Complex as Catalysts for the Alternating Oxirane−Carbon Dioxide Copolymerization. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700367x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robbert Duchateau
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Process Development Group, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Chemical Physics Department, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. van Meerendonk
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Process Development Group, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Chemical Physics Department, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Huijser
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Process Development Group, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Chemical Physics Department, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan B. P. Staal
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Process Development Group, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Chemical Physics Department, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus A. van Schilt
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Process Development Group, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Chemical Physics Department, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert Gerritsen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Process Development Group, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Chemical Physics Department, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Auke Meetsma
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Process Development Group, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Chemical Physics Department, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cor E. Koning
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Process Development Group, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Chemical Physics Department, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje F. Kemmere
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Process Development Group, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Chemical Physics Department, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jos T. F. Keurentjes
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Process Development Group, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Chemical Physics Department, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Chaturvedi D, Mishra N, Mishra V. A high yielding, one-pot synthesis of dialkyl carbonates from alcohols using Mitsunobu’s reagent. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Matsuo T, Kawaguchi H. From Carbon Dioxide to Methane: Homogeneous Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Hydrosilanes Catalyzed by Zirconium−Borane Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:12362-3. [PMID: 16984155 DOI: 10.1021/ja0647250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of a zirconium benzyl phenoxide complex and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane is reported that catalyzes the hydrosilation reaction of carbon dioxide to generate methane via a bis(silyl)acetal intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Matsuo
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratories, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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32
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Palenik GJ. A critical evaluation of homo- and hetero-leptic cadmium complexes using bond valence sums. CAN J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1139/v05-227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the donor atoms in Cd complexes on the determination of R0 values for the bond valence sum (BVS) is reported. A total of 1321 CdXmYn fragments with X and Y = O, N, S, Cl, Br, and I were used to calculate the R0 values for CdX bonds from both homoleptic and heteroleptic fragments. The R0 values determined from mixed CdXmYn fragments agree with those determined from the homoleptic species, with no significant differences in the values as a function of either electronegativity or hardsoft character of the atoms. The new R0 values derived from the homoleptic series recommended for use in calculating the BVS are as follows: Cd(II)O of 1.875(13) Å, Cd(II)N of 1.951(15) Å, Cd(II)S of 2.279(7) Å, Cd(II)Cl of 2.216(17) Å, Cd(II)Br of 2.334(7) Å, and Cd(II)I of 2.525(7) Å. These R0 values can be used to calculate the oxidation state of Cd in complexes where Cd is bonded to any combination of O, N, S, Cl, Br, and I donor atoms. Cases where the BVS does not agree with the expected oxidation state are discussed. In particular, the planarity of Cd porphyrins is discussed in terms of the BVS.Key words: bond valence sums, cadmium complexes, cadmium porphyrins, cadmium distances.
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Xiao Y, Wang Z, Ding K. Intramolecularly Dinuclear Magnesium Complex Catalyzed Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide with CO2under Ambient CO2Pressure: Kinetics and Mechanism. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051859+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Majoumo-Mbe F, Lönnecke P, Hey-Hawkins E. Zwitterionic and Bis-amido Zinc Complexes with Bulky Bis(phosphanylamino)benzene Ligands: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Molecular Structures of [ZnCl2(1,2-{N(PHMes2)}2C6H4-κ2N,N‘)], [ZnPr{1-N(PMes2)-2-N(PHMes2)C6H4-κ2N,N‘}], and [Zn{1-N(PMes2)-2-N(μ-PMes2)C6H4-κ3N,N‘,P}]2. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050401t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Félicité Majoumo-Mbe
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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35
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van Meerendonk WJ, Duchateau R, Koning CE, Gruter GJM. Unexpected Side Reactions and Chain Transfer for Zinc-Catalyzed Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050797k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J. van Meerendonk
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Duchateau
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cor E. Koning
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan M. Gruter
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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36
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Xiao Y, Wang Z, Ding K. Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide with CO2 by Using Intramolecular Dinuclear Zinc Catalysts. Chemistry 2005; 11:3668-78. [PMID: 15827981 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular dinuclear zinc complexes generated in situ from the reaction of multidentate semi-azacrown ether ligands with Et(2)Zn, followed by treatment with an alcohol additive, were found to promote the copolymerization of CO(2) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) with completely alternating polycarbonate selectivity and high efficiency. With this type of novel initiator, the copolymerization could be accomplished under mild conditions at 1 atm pressure of CO(2), which represents a significant advantage over most catalytic systems developed for this reaction so far. The copolymerization reaction was demonstrated to be a living process as a result of the narrow polydispersities and the linear increase in the molecular weight with conversion of CHO. In addition, the solid-state structure of the dinuclear zinc complex was characterized by X-ray crystal structural analysis and can be considered as a model of the active catalyst. On the basis of the various efforts made to understand the mechanisms of the catalytic reaction, including MALDI-TOF mass analysis of the copolymers' end-groups, the effect of alcohol additives on the catalysis and CO(2) pressure on the conversion of CHO, as well as the kinetic data gained from in situ IR spectroscopy, a plausible catalytic cycle for the present reaction system is outlined. The copolymerization is initiated by the insertion of CO(2) into the Zn--OEt bond to afford a carbonate-ester-bridged complex. The dinuclear zinc structure of the catalyst remains intact throughout the copolymerization. The bridged zinc centers may have a synergistic effect on the copolymerization reaction; one zinc center could activate the epoxide through its coordination and the second zinc atom may be responsible for carbonate propagation by nucleophilic attack by the carbonate ester on the back side of the cis-epoxide ring to afford the carbonate. The mechanistic implication of this is particularly important for future research into the design of efficient and practical catalysts for the copolymerization of epoxides with CO(2.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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37
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Cui D, Nishiura M, Hou Z. Alternating Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Organo Rare Earth Metal Complexes. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050256v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Cui
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
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38
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Boyle TJ, Bunge SD, Alam TM, Holland GP, Headley TJ, Avilucea G. Cadmium Amido Alkoxide and Alkoxide Precursors for the Synthesis of Nanocrystalline CdE (E = S, Se, Te). Inorg Chem 2005; 44:1309-18. [PMID: 15732971 DOI: 10.1021/ic0485155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a family of alternative precursors for the production of CdE nanoparticles (E = S, Se, and Te) is reported. The reaction of Cd(NR2)2 where NR2 = N(SiMe3)2 with n HOR led to the isolation of the following: n = 1 [Cd(mu-OCH2CMe3)(NR2)(py)]2 (1, py = pyridine), Cd[(mu-OC6H3(Me)(2)-2,6)2Cd(NR2)(py)]2 (2), [Cd(mu-OC6H3(CHMe2)(2)-2,6)(NR2)(py)]2 (3), [Cd(mu-OC6H3(CMe3)(2)-2,6)(NR2)(py)]2 (4), [Cd(mu-OC6H2(NH2)(3)-2,4,6)(NR2)(py)]2 (5), and n = 2 [Cd(mu-OC6H3(Me)(2)-2,6)(OC6H3(Me)(2)-2,6)(py)2]2 (6), and [Cd(mu-OC6H3(CMe3)(2)-2,6)(OC6H3(CMe3)(2)-2,6)(THF)]2 (7). For all but 2, the X-ray crystal structures were solved as discrete dinuclear units bridged by alkoxide ligands and either terminal -NR2 or -OR ligands depending on the stoichiometry of the initial reaction. For 2, a trinuclear species was isolated using four mu-OR and two terminal -NR2 ligands. The coordination of the Cd metal center varied from 3 to 5 where the higher coordination numbers were achieved by binding Lewis basic solvents for the less sterically demanding ligands. These complexes were further characterized in solution by 1H, 13C, and 113Cd NMR along with solid-state 113Cd NMR spectroscopy. The utility of these complexes as "alternative precursors" for the controlled preparation of nanocrystalline CdS, CdSe, and CdTe was explored. To synthesize CdE nanocrystals, select species from this family of compounds were individually heated in a coordinating solvent (trioctylphosphine oxide) and then injected with the appropriate chalcogenide stock solution. Transmission electron spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to characterize the resultant particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Boyle
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, 1001 University Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87105, USA.
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39
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Coates GW, Moore DR. Discrete Metal-Based Catalysts for the Copolymerization of CO2 and Epoxides: Discovery, Reactivity, Optimization, and Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 43:6618-39. [PMID: 15558659 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 996] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Most synthetic polymers are made from petroleum feedstocks. Given the non-renewable nature of these materials, there is increasing interest in developing routes to polymeric materials from renewable resources. In addition, there is a growing demand for biodegradable polymeric materials. Polycarbonates made from CO(2) and epoxides have the potential to meet these goals. Since the discovery of catalysts for the copolymerization of CO(2) and epoxides in the late 1960's by Inoue, a significant amount of research has been directed toward the development of catalysts of improved activity and selectivity. Reviewed here are well-defined catalysts for epoxide-CO(2) copolymerization and related reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA.
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40
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Coates GW, Moore DR. Diskrete Metallkatalysatoren zur Copolymerisation von CO2 mit Epoxiden: Entdeckung, Reaktivität, Optimierung, Mechanismus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Darensbourg DJ, Billodeaux DR, Perez LM. 113Cd NMR Determination of the Binding Parameters of Alicyclic Epoxides to [Hydrotris(3-phenylpyrazol-1-yl)borate]Cd(II) Acetate. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om049761r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa M. Perez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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42
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43
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Sugimoto H, Ohshima H, Inoue S. Alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxide by manganese porphyrin: The first example of polycarbonate synthesis from 1-atm carbon dioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Eberhardt R, Allmendinger M, Luinstra GA, Rieger B. The Ethylsulfinate Ligand: A Highly Efficient Initiating Group for the Zinc β-Diiminate Catalyzed Copolymerization Reaction of CO2 and Epoxides. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020734f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Eberhardt
- Department of Materials and Catalysis, University of Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, and BASF Aktiengesellschaft, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Allmendinger
- Department of Materials and Catalysis, University of Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, and BASF Aktiengesellschaft, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Gerrit A. Luinstra
- Department of Materials and Catalysis, University of Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, and BASF Aktiengesellschaft, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Department of Materials and Catalysis, University of Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, and BASF Aktiengesellschaft, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Moore DR, Cheng M, Lobkovsky EB, Coates GW. Electronic and steric effects on catalysts for CO2/epoxide polymerization: subtle modifications resulting in superior activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:2599-602. [PMID: 12203547 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020715)41:14<2599::aid-anie2599>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA
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Darensbourg DJ, Wildeson JR, Lewis SJ, Yarbrough JC. Solution and solid-state structural studies of epoxide adducts of cadmium phenoxides. Chemistry relevant to epoxide activation for ring-opening reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:7075-83. [PMID: 12059232 DOI: 10.1021/ja020184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Cd[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2) with 2 equiv of the corresponding phenol in toluene has led to the isolation of [Cd(O-2,6-R(2)C(6)H(3))(2)](2) derivatives, where R represents the sterically bulky (t)Bu and Ph substituents. The dimeric nature of these complexes in the solid state has been established via X-ray crystallography, i.e., trigonal geometry around cadmium is observed in 1 (R = (t)Bu) where the two cadmium centers are bridged by two phenoxides with each metal containing a terminal phenoxide. Complex 2 (R = Ph) contains an additional interaction of the metal centers with carbon atoms of the aromatic substituents on the phenoxide ligands. These dimeric structures are maintained in weakly coordinating solvents as revealed by (113)Cd NMR in d(2)-methylene chloride, which displays (111)Cd-(113)Cd coupling. Nevertheless, because of the excessive steric requirements of these phenoxide ligands, these dimers are easily disrupted in solution by weak donor ligands such as epoxides. Three bisepoxide adducts have been isolated as crystalline solids and characterized by X-ray crystallography. As previously observed in other Cd(O-2,6-(t)Bu(2)C(6)H(3))(2) x L(2) complexes, these epoxide adducts adopt a crystallographically imposed square-planar geometry about the cadmium centers, with the exception of the exo-2,3-epoxynorbornane derivative, which displays a distorted tetrahedral geometry. Temperature-dependent (113)Cd NMR studies have established that there is little difference in the binding abilities of these epoxides with either complex 1 or complex 2. Importantly, it is concluded from these studies that the lack of reactivity of alpha-pinene oxide and exo-2,3-epoxynorbornane toward copolymerization reactions with carbon dioxide, in the presence of zinc bisphenoxide catalysts, is not due to differences in epoxide metal binding. This is further affirmed by the isolation and crystallographic characterization of the very stable Zn(O-2,6-(t)Bu(2)C(6)H(3))(2) x (exo-2,3-epoxynorbornane)(2) derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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Lee D, Lippard SJ. Modeling dioxygen-activating centers in non-heme diiron enzymes: carboxylate shifts in diiron(II) complexes supported by sterically hindered carboxylate ligands. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:2704-19. [PMID: 12005495 DOI: 10.1021/ic020186y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
General synthetic routes are described for a series of diiron(II) complexes supported by sterically demanding carboxylate ligands 2,6-di(p-tolyl)benzoate (Ar(Tol)CO(2)(-)) and 2,6-di(4-fluorophenyl)benzoate (Ar(4-FPh)CO(2)(-)). The interlocking nature of the m-terphenyl units in self-assembled [Fe(2)(mu-O(2)CAr(Tol))(2)(O(2)CAr(Tol))(2)L(2)] (L = C(5)H(5)N (4); 1-MeIm (5)) promotes the formation of coordination geometries analogous to those of the non-heme diiron cores in the enzymes RNR-R2 and Delta 9D. Magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer studies of 4 and 5 revealed properties consistent with weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the high-spin iron(II) centers. Structural studies of several derivatives obtained by ligand substitution reactions demonstrated that the [Fe(2)(O(2)CAr')(4)L(2)] (Ar' = Ar(Tol); Ar(4-FPh)) module is geometrically flexible. Details of ligand migration within the tetracarboxylate diiron core, facilitated by carboxylate shifts, were probed by solution variable-temperature (19)F NMR spectroscopic studies of [Fe(2)(mu-O(2)CAr(4-FPh))(2)-(O(2)CAr(4-FPh))(2)(THF)(2)] (8) and [Fe(2)(mu-O(2)CAr(4-FPh))(4)(4-(t)BuC(5)H(4)N)(2)] (12). Dynamic motion in the primary coordination sphere controls the positioning of open sites and regulates the access of exogenous ligands, processes that also occur in non-heme diiron enzymes during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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48
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Stepień M, Latos-Grazyński L. Tetraphenyl-p-benziporphyrin: a carbaporphyrinoid with two linked carbon atoms in the coordination core. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:3838-9. [PMID: 11942814 DOI: 10.1021/ja017852z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of one of the pyrrole rings with a p-phenylene unit transforms porphyrin into p-benziporphyrin (1), an aromatic carbaporphyrinoid that locates two connected carbon atoms in the coordination core. p-Benziporphyrin forms a complex with cadmium(II) (2) with an unprecedented eta(2) Cd(II)-arene interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stepień
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., Wrocław 50 383, Poland
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Salvatore RN, Chu F, Nagle AS, Kapxhiu EA, Cross RM, Jung KW. Efficient Cs2CO3-promoted solution and solid phase synthesis of carbonates and carbamates in the presence of TBAI. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Darensbourg DJ, Jason Adams M, Yarbrough JC. Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of a zinc bis-dithiocarboxylate derivative. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(01)00342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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