1
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Adachi K, Nogami J, Hashizume D, Tauchi D, Hasegawa M, Tanaka K. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis and Spiral-Stair-Like Single Helix Assembly of Figure-Eight Cyclophenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202502764. [PMID: 40104859 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202502764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2025] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
Helix assemblies of chiral molecules can transfer microscopic unimolecular chirality to macroscopic supramolecular chirality, enhancing various chiral properties. In addition to the commonly observed spiral-column-like helix assembly, a small number of spiral-stair-like helix assemblies have also been reported in aromatic nanocarbons with multiple chirality-related irregularities. However, they require separation of diastereomers and/or enantiomers or do not have stable chirality. Here, we report the enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of figure-eight [10]cyclophenylenes with stable helical chirality by the rhodium-catalyzed four consecutive intramolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions of dodecaynes with two flexible biphenyl units. The chiral figure-eight [10]cyclophenylene with ethyl and methyl side chains exhibits the spiral-stair-like single helix assembly in the crystal due to CH-π and CH-O interactions and good CPL properties in solution. Experimental verification of the enantio- and diastereodetermining steps of four consecutive [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Adachi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daiki Tauchi
- Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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2
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Deng QS, Chen XW, Yu XH, Xing JF, Zheng BH, Xiao G, Zou B, Tan YZ. Phenylene Cage Synthesized by Metal-Mediated Assembly of Phenylene Macrocycle and Its Piezofluorochromic Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025:e202506376. [PMID: 40388603 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202506376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2025] [Revised: 05/18/2025] [Accepted: 05/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/21/2025]
Abstract
A phenylene macrocycle containing two meta-phenylene units positioned opposite each other was used as a building block to construct phenylene cages via platinum-mediated C─C coupling. A phenylene cage (PC[10]3), consisting of three phenylene macrocycle units, was successfully synthesized and thoroughly characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. PC[10]3 exhibited significant backbone strain and displayed bright blue emission with a quantum yield of 96%. Additionally, PC[10]3 exhibited a broader and more pronounced piezofluorochromic response compared to its macrocyclic unit, undergoing a distinct photoluminescence shift from blue to yellow-green under pressure. This work opens new avenues for designing and synthesizing hydrocarbon nanocages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Song Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xuan-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xi-Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Pressure and Superhard Materials, College of Physics Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bing-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guanjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Pressure and Superhard Materials, College of Physics Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of High Pressure and Superhard Materials, College of Physics Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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3
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Singh Y, Schuldt MP, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. High-Yielding Nanobelt Formation by Chirality-Assisted Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202414059. [PMID: 39401168 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202414059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Shape-persistent conjugated nanobelts (CNBs) are fascinating synthetic targets. However, in most cases these are made in low overall yields by applying strategies of macrocyclization followed by (multiple) ring fusion reactions for nanobelt formation. Here, we describe the high yielding synthesis of enantiopure chiral nanobelts in 84 % yield by applying chirality-assisted synthesis (CAS). The chiral nanobelts were investigated by UV/Vis and CD spectroscopy. By DFT calculations the aromaticity of these structures is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Singh
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz P Schuldt
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Zhai H, Lv K, Li J, Wang J, Liu T, Zhao C. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Atroposelective Indolization to Access Planar-Chiral Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:29214-29223. [PMID: 39383120 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c11873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Macrocycles incorporating conformationally defined indoles are widely found in bioactive natural products. However, the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of planar-chiral indoles via indolization involving macrocyclization remains elusive. Herein, we present the first rhodium(III)-catalyzed atroposelective macrocyclization, which involves the C-H activation of aniline, and a subsequent oxidation [3 + 2] annulation reaction with an intramolecular alkyne. This protocol achieves the construction of indoles, macrocyclization, and planar chirality control in a single step. Importantly, this strategy produces macrocyclic atropisomers bearing full-carbon ansa chains, which represent challenging targets in organic synthesis. Thermodynamic experiments revealed that the rotational barrier of the full-carbon ansa chain-linked macrocyclic atropisomer was lower than that of the atropisomer bearing an oxa-ansa chain. The reaction mechanism was elucidated by computational studies, which revealed that the C-H activation and intramolecular alkyne insertion steps collectively determined the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kang Lv
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, China
| | - Changgui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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5
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Li J, Dong Z, Zhai H, Wu J, Zhao C. An Approach for Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of meta-Disubstituted [ n]Paracyclophanes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:15374-15379. [PMID: 39332022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Atroposelective synthesis of meta-disubstituted [n]paracyclophanes is a difficult task in organic chemistry. We describe a facile approach for the synthesis of meta-disubstituted [n]paracyclophanes using Pd-catalyzed enantioselective C-H olefination and sequential reductive cleavage. A wide range of [n]paracyclophanes was obtained with excellent enantioselectivity. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the rotational barrier of meta-disubstituted [n]paracyclophanes was lower than that of para-disubstituted [n]paracyclophanes. The synthesized planar-chiral [14]paracyclophane showed a bright fluorescence emission and impressive circularly polarized luminescence activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ziyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hongxuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jicheng Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Changgui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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6
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Shi Y, Li C, Di J, Xue Y, Jia Y, Duan J, Hu X, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Jin T, Chen P. Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402800. [PMID: 38411404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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7
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Chen JF, Gao QX, Yao H, Shi B, Zhang YM, Wei TB, Lin Q. Recent advances in circularly polarized luminescence of planar chiral organic compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6728-6740. [PMID: 38884278 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), as an important chiroptical phenomenon, can not only directly characterize excited-state structural information about chiroptical materials but also has great application prospects in 3D optical displays, information storage, biological probes, CPL lasers and so forth. Recently, chiral organic small molecules with CPL have attracted a lot of research interest because of their excellent luminescence efficiency, clear molecular structures, unique flexibility and easy functionalization. Planar chiral organic compounds make up an important class of chiral organic small molecular materials and often have rigid macrocyclic skeletons, which have important research value in the field of chiral supramolecular chemistry (e.g., chiral self-assembly and chiral host-guest chemistry). Therefore, research into planar chiral organic compounds has become a hotspot for CPL. It is time to summarize the recent developments in CPL-active compounds based on planar chirality. In this feature article, we summarize various types of CPL-active compounds based on planar chirality. Meanwhile, we overview recent research in the field of planar chiral CPL-active compounds in terms of optoelectronic devices, asymmetric catalysis, and chiroptical sensing. Finally, we discuss their future research prospects in the field of CPL-active materials. We hope that this review will be helpful to research work related to planar chiral luminescent materials and promote the development of chiral macrocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fa Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Qing-Xiu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Bingbing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
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8
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Li J, Dong Z, Chen Y, Yang Z, Yan X, Wang M, Li C, Zhao C. N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of planar-chiral cyclophanes via dynamic kinetic resolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2338. [PMID: 38491016 PMCID: PMC10943026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Planar-chiral cyclophanes have gained considerable concerns for drug discovery due to their unique conformational strain and 3D structure. However, the enantioselective synthesis of planar-chiral cyclophanes is a long-standing challenge for the synthetic community. We herein describe an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed asymmetric construction of planar-chiral cyclophanes. This transformation occurs through a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) process to convert racemic substrates into planar-chiral macrocycle scaffolds in good to high yields with high to excellent enantioselectivities. The ansa chain length and aromatic ring substituent size is crucial to achieve the DKR approach. Controlled experiments and DFT calculations were performed to clarify the DKR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ziyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhanhui Yang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Changgui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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9
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Yoshigoe Y, Shimada H, Takaki T, Imai Y, Saito S. Synthesis and Isolation of a Homochiral Nanohoop Composed of a Tröger's Base and Hexaparaphenylene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304059. [PMID: 38230745 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new nanohoop containing a stereogenic Tröger's base skeleton tethered to a curved hexaparaphenylene ([6]CPP) is reported. The TB[6]CPP nanohoop possesses a stable C2 symmetrical structure, which promotes the allowed transition that gives rise to pale blue emission with a quantum yield of ~0.69, surpassing the value of the more symmetrical [8]CPP. Moreover, TB[6]CPP shows chiroptical properties including circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence with a moderate dissymmetry factor (|glum|) of ~2.1×10-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takuya Takaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shinich Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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10
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Zhu D, Mu T, Li ZL, Luo HY, Cao RF, Xue XS, Chen ZM. Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar-Chiral Sulfur-Containing Cyclophanes by Chiral Sulfide Catalyzed Electrophilic Sulfenylation of Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318625. [PMID: 38231132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
An efficient catalytic asymmetric electrophilic sulfenylation reaction for the synthesis of planar-chiral sulfur-containing cyclophanes has been developed for the first time. This was achieved by using a new Lewis base catalyst and a new ortho-trifluoromethyl-substituted sulfenylating reagent. Using the substrates with low rotational energy barrier, the transformation proceeded through a dynamic kinetic resolution, and the high rotational energy barrier of the substrates allowed the reaction to undergo a kinetic resolution process. Meanwhile, this transformation was compatible with a desymmetrization process when the symmetric substrates were used. Various planar-chiral sulfur-containing cyclophanes were readily obtained in moderate to excellent yields with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97 % yield and 95 % ee). This approach was used to synthesize pharmaceutically relevant planar-chiral sulfur-containing molecules. Density functional theory calculations showed that π-π interactions between the sulfenyl group and the aromatic ring in the substrate play a crucial role in enantioinduction in this sulfenylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200232, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Long Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yun Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Fei Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200232, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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11
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Du K. Enumeration, Nomenclature, and Stability Rules of Carbon Nanobelts. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1261-1276. [PMID: 38327033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
With recent breakthroughs and advances in synthetic chemistry, carbon nanobelts (CNBs) have become an emerging hot topic in chemistry and materials science. Owing to their unique molecular structures, CNBs have intriguing properties with applications in synthetic materials, host-guest chemistry, optoelectronics, and so on. Although a considerable number of CNBs with diverse forms have been synthesized, no systematic nomenclature is available yet for this important family of macrocycles. Moreover, little is known about the detailed isomerism of CNBs, which, in fact, exhibits greater complexity than that of carbon nanotubes. The copious variety of CNB isomers, along with the underlying structure-property relationships, bears fundamental relevance to the ongoing design and synthesis of novel nanobelts. In this paper, we propose an elegant approach to systematically enumerate, classify, and name all possible isomers of CNBs. Besides the simplest, standard CNBs defined by chiral indices (n, m), the nonstandard CNBs (n, m, l) involve an additional winding index l. Based on extensive quantum chemical calculations, we present a comprehensive study of the relative isomer stability of CNBs containing up to 30 rings. A simple Hückel-based model with a high predictive power reveals that the relative stability of standard CNBs is governed by the π stabilization and the strain destabilization induced by the cylindrical carbon framework, and the former effect prevails over the latter. For nonstandard CNBs, a third stability factor, the H···H repulsion in the benzo[c]phenanthrene-like motifs, is also shown to be important and can be incorporated into the simple quantitative model. In general, lower-energy CNB isomers have a larger HOMO-LUMO gap, suggesting that their thermodynamic stability coincides with kinetic stability. The most stable CNB isomers determined can be considered the optimal targets for future synthesis. These results lay an initial foundation and provide a useful theoretical tool for further research on CNBs and related analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Ke Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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12
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Wang J, Wang M, Wen Y, Teng P, Li C, Zhao C. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Macrolactonization to Access Planar-Chiral Macrocycles. Org Lett 2024; 26:1040-1045. [PMID: 38295348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed atroposelective macrolactonization has been disclosed. This approach affords planar-chiral macrocycles in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities over a broad substrate scope. Controlled experiments suggest that the enantioselectivity might arise from the cation-n interaction between the acyl azolium and the electron-rich moiety in the substrate. This mechanism is supported by density functional theory calculations, which also suggest an important π-π interaction in stabilizing the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yilu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Changgui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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13
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Zhang K, Hao M, Jin T, Shi Y, Tian G, Li C, Ma H, Zhang N, Li Q, Chen P. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Chiral Aza/Boracyclophanes with a meta and para Substitution. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302950. [PMID: 37950682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe the synthesis of a new class of axially chiral aza/boracyclophanes (BDN1, BXN1, BDB1 and BXB1) using binaphthyls as chiral building blocks and the main-group (B/N) chemistry with tunable electronic effects. All macrocycles substituted with triarylamine donors or triarylborane acceptors are strongly luminescent. These macrocycles showed two distinct meta and para π-conjugation pathways, leading to the formation of quasi figure-of-eight and square-shaped conformations. Interestingly, comparison of such structural models revealed that the former type of macrocycles BXN1 and BXB1 gave higher racemization barriers relative to the other ones. The results reported here may provide a new approach to engineer the optical stability of π-conjugated chiral macrocycles by controlling π-substitution patterns. The ring constraints induced by macrocyclization were also demonstrated to contribute to the configurational persistence as compared with the open-chain analogues p-BTT and m-BTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Mengyao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
- Program in General Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Yafei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoqing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Quansong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
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14
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Yang J, Xie ZY, Ye YJ, Ye SB, Wang YB, Wang WT, Qian PC, Song RJ, Sun Q, Ye LW, Li L. Ir/Zn-cocatalyzed chemo- and atroposelective [2+2+2] cycloaddition for construction of C─N axially chiral indoles and pyrroles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk1704. [PMID: 38117883 PMCID: PMC10732529 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, an Ir/Zn-cocatalyzed atroposelective [2+2+2] cycloaddition of 1,6-diynes and ynamines was developed, forging various functionalized C─N axially chiral indoles and pyrroles in generally good to excellent yields (up to 99%), excellent chemoselectivities, and high enantioselectivities (up to 98% enantiomeric excess) with wide substrate scope. This cocatalyzed strategy not only provided an alternative promising and reliable way for asymmetric alkyne [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization in an easy handle but also settled the issues of previous [Rh(COD)2]BF4-catalyzed system on the construction of C─N axial chirality such as complex operations, limited substrate scope, and low efficiency. In addition, control experiments and theoretical calculations disclosed that Zn(OTf)2 markedly reduced the barrier of migration insertion to significantly increase reaction efficiency, which was distinctly different from previous work on the Lewis acid for improving reaction yield through accelerating oxidative addition and reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu-Jie Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Qian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of New Materials and Industry Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of New Materials and Industry Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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15
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Dong Z, Li J, Yao T, Zhao C. Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Olefination to Access Planar-Chiral Cyclophanes by Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315603. [PMID: 37919238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Planar-chiral cyclophanes have received increasing attention for drug discovery and catalyst design. However, the catalytically asymmetric synthesis of planar-chiral cyclophanes has been a longstanding challenge. We describe the first Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H olefination of prochiral cyclophanes. The low rotational barrier of less hindered benzene ring in the substrates allows the reaction to proceed through a dynamic kinetic resolution. This approach exhibits broad substrate scope, providing the planar-chiral cyclophanes in high yields (up to 99 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee). The ansa chain length scope studies reveal that the chirality of the cyclophanes arises from the bond rotation constraint of the benzene ring around the macrocycle plane, rather than the C-N axis. The C-H activation approach is also applicable to the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 (P. R., China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 (P. R., China
| | - Ting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 (P. R., China
| | - Changgui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 (P. R., China
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16
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Zhao F, Zhao J, Liu H, Wang Y, Duan J, Li C, Di J, Zhang N, Zheng X, Chen P. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Chiral Organoborane Macrocycles with Blue to Near-Infrared Emissions and the Diradical Character of Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10092-10103. [PMID: 37125835 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly emissive π-conjugated macrocycles with tunable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have sparked theoretical and synthetic interests in recent years. Herein, we report a synthetic approach to obtain new chiral organoborane macrocycles (CMC1, CMC2, and CMC3) that are built on the structurally chiral [5]helicenes and highly luminescent triarylborane/amine moieties embedded into the cyclic systems. These rarely accessible B/N-doped main-group chiral macrocycles show a unique topology dependence of the optoelectronic and chiroptical properties. CMC1 and CMC2 show a higher luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) together with an enhanced CPL brightness (BCPL) as compared with CMC3. Electronic effects were also tuned and resulted in bathochromic shifts of their emission and CPL responses from blue for CMC1 to the near-infrared (NIR) region for CMC3. Furthermore, chemical oxidations of the N donor sites in CMC1 gave rise to a highly stable radical cation (CMC1·+SbF6-) and diradical dication species (CMC12·2+2SbF6-) that serve as a rare example of a positively charged open-shell chiral macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Houting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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17
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Yoshigoe Y, Tanji Y, Hata Y, Osakada K, Saito S, Kayahara E, Yamago S, Tsuchido Y, Kawai H. Dynamic Au-C σ-Bonds Leading to an Efficient Synthesis of [ n]Cycloparaphenylenes ( n = 9-15) by Self-Assembly. JACS AU 2022; 2:1857-1868. [PMID: 36032535 PMCID: PMC9400051 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transmetalation of the digold(I) complex [Au2Cl2(dcpm)] (1) (dcpm = bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane) with oligophenylene diboronic acids gave the triangular macrocyclic complexes [Au2(C6H4) x (dcpm)]3 (x = 3, 4, 5) with yields of over 70%. On the other hand, when the other digold(I) complex [Au2Cl2(dppm)] (1') (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) was used, only a negligible amount of the triangular complex was obtained. The control experiments revealed that the dcpm ligand accelerated an intermolecular Au(I)-C σ-bond-exchange reaction and that this high reversibility is the origin of the selective formation of the triangular complexes. Structural analyses and theoretical calculations indicate that the dcpm ligand increases the electrophilicity of the Au atom in the complex, thus facilitating the exchange reaction, although the cyclohexyl group is an electron-donating group. Furthermore, the oxidative chlorination of the macrocyclic gold complexes afforded a series of [n]cycloparaphenylenes (n = 9, 12, 15) in 78-88% isolated yields. The reorganization of two different macrocyclic Au complexes gave a mixture of macrocyclic complexes incorporating different oligophenylene linkers, from which a mixture of [n]cycloparaphenylenes with various numbers of phenylene units was obtained in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yohei Tanji
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yusei Hata
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawai
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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18
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Sen A, Sato T, Ohno A, Baek H, Muranaka A, Yamada YMA. Polymer-Supported-Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective Cyclotrimerization of Aryl Alkynes. JACS AU 2021; 1:2080-2087. [PMID: 34841419 PMCID: PMC8611791 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A convoluted poly(4-vinylpyridine) cobalt(II) (P4VP-CoCl2) system was developed as a stable and reusable heterogeneous catalyst. The local structure near the Co atom was determined on the basis of experimental data and theoretical calculations. This immobilized cobalt catalyst showed high selectivity and catalytic activity in the [2 + 2 + 2] cyclotrimerization of terminal aryl alkynes. With 0.033 mol % P4VP-CoCl2, the regioselective formation of 1,3,5-triarylbenzene was realized without 1,2,4-triarylbenzene formation. Further, a multigram-scale (11 g) reaction proceeded efficiently. In addition, the polymer-supported catalyst was successfully recovered and used three times. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the recovered catalyst suggested that cobalt was in the +2 oxidation state. The 1,3,5-triarylbenzene derivatives were applied to the synthesis of a molecular beam electron resist and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sen
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuma Sato
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Aya Ohno
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Heeyoel Baek
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoichi M. A. Yamada
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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19
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Chu B, Wu X, Fu Z, Wu W, Wang B, Zhu J. Rhodium-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Cross-Dehydrogenative Alkenylation of Arylhydrazines for Polymer Synthesis. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benfa Chu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziwen Fu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiping Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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20
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Wang L, Xu T, Rao Q, Zhang TS, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Photocatalytic Biheterocyclization of 1,7-Diynes for Accessing Skeletally Diverse Tricyclic 2-Pyranones. Org Lett 2021; 23:7845-7850. [PMID: 34581592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new and green route to skeletally diverse oxo-heterocyclic architectures such as pyrano[3,4-c]chromen-2-ones and pyrano[3,4-c]quinolin-2-ones is reported via an unprecedented photocatalytic Kharasch-type cyclization/1,5-(SN″)-substitution/elimination/6π-electrocyclization/double nucleophilic substitution cascade starting from easily available heteroatom-linked 1,7-diynes and low-cost CBrCl3. During this reaction process, the full scission of carbon-halogen bonds of BrCCl3 was realized to directly build two new rings, including a lactone scaffold, using H2O as the oxygen source of the ester group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Qian Rao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Shu Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
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21
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Chen JF, Yin X, Zhang K, Zhao Z, Zhang S, Zhang N, Wang N, Chen P. Pillar[5]arene-Based Dual Chiral Organoboranes with Allowed Host-Guest Chemistry and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12654-12663. [PMID: 34449233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We first describe two examples of highly luminescent organoboranes (NP5BN1 and NP5BN2) with dual chirality that were achieved by molecular functionalization of planar chiral pillar[5]arenes with naphthyls. Sufficiently strong steric effects are imposed by triarylamine (Ar3N) and triarylborane (Ar3B) moieties and further enhanced by the proximity of the chiral building blocks, leading to the isolation of multiple enantiomers via chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. The intramolecular charge transfer from N-donor to B-acceptor across both chiral subunits enabled the circularly polarized luminescence and thermally robust colorimetric responses in their emissions. Furthermore, their remarkable host-guest chemistry was allowed at no expense in the pursuit of advanced chiroptical properties using pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhenhui Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Songhe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China.,College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key laboratory of inorganic nonmetallic crystalline and energy conversion materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
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22
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Wassy D, Hermann M, Wössner JS, Frédéric L, Pieters G, Esser B. Enantiopure nanohoops through racemic resolution of diketo[ n]CPPs by chiral derivatization as precursors to DBP[ n]CPPs. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10150-10158. [PMID: 34377404 PMCID: PMC8336472 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strained conjugated nanohoops are attractive synthetic targets due to the bending of their π-system, which leads to intriguing optoelectronic properties, among others. By incorporating non-mirror-symmetric aromatic panels, chiral nanohoops can be obtained. We herein present a strategy to enantiopure nanohoops by racemic resolution through chiral derivatization of diketone-embedded hoops. The resulting diketo[n]CPPs (n = 6, 7) contain two stereogenic carbon atoms each and possess high fluorescence quantum yields paired with circularly polarized luminescence. These are versatile precursors to chiral dibenzo[a,e]pentalene-based nanohoops DBP[n]CPPs with antiaromatic character and ambipolar electrochemical behavior. Due to their strained structures the DBP[n]CPPs do not racemize at room temperature, which is supported by high calculated isomerization barriers. X-ray crystallographic investigations on the DBP[n]CPPs and their precursors as well as DFT calculations provide insight into the build-up of strain energy during the synthetic transformations. Racemic resolution of diketone-embedded cycloparaphenylenes by derivatization with a chiral auxiliary provides scalable access to enantiopure hoops with chiroptical properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de
| | - Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de
| | - Lucas Frédéric
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de.,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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23
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Bergman HM, Kiel GR, Handford RC, Liu Y, Tilley TD. Scalable, Divergent Synthesis of a High Aspect Ratio Carbon Nanobelt. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8619-8624. [PMID: 34086453 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanobelts are molecules of high fundamental and technological interest due to their structural similarity to carbon nanotubes, of which they are molecular cutouts. Despite this attention, synthetic accessibility is a major obstacle, such that the few known strategies offer limited structural diversity, functionality, and scalability. To address this bottleneck, we have developed a new strategy that utilizes highly fused monomer units constructed via a site-selective [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition and a high-yielding zirconocene-mediated macrocyclization to achieve the synthesis of a new carbon nanobelt on large scale with the introduction of functional handles in the penultimate step. This nanobelt represents a diagonal cross section of an armchair carbon nanotube and consequently has a longitudinally extended structure with an aspect ratio of 1.6, the highest of any reported nanobelt. This elongated structure promotes solid-state packing into aligned columns that mimic the parent carbon nanotube and facilitates unprecedented host-guest chemistry with oligo-arylene guests in nonpolar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gavin R Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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24
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Nogami J, Nagashima Y, Miyamoto K, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Asymmetric synthesis, structures, and chiroptical properties of helical cycloparaphenylenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7858-7865. [PMID: 34168839 PMCID: PMC8188516 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00861g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar chiral carbon nanorings and nanobelts (CNRs and CNBs), the sidewall segment molecules of chiral-type carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have attracted attention owing to their characteristic chiroptical properties. From the appropriate CNTs, axially or planar chiral CNRs and CNBs have been designed and synthesized, but multiply helical sidewall segments were almost unexplored due to the difficulty in simultaneous control of multiple chiralities. In this article, we have succeeded in the perfectly diastereo- and enantiocontrolled catalytic synthesis of a cycloparaphenylene with four helical and two planar chiralities showing good chiroptical responses as chiral organic molecules. The perfectly stereocontrolled multiply helical structure was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental and theoretical studies established the importance of the highly symmetric multiply helical structure in the cylindrical axis in obtaining good chiroptical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama351-0198 Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama351-0198 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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25
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Hermann M, Wassy D, Kohn J, Seitz P, Betschart MU, Grimme S, Esser B. Chiral Dibenzopentalene-Based Conjugated Nanohoops through Stereoselective Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10680-10689. [PMID: 33596338 PMCID: PMC8252646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops allow to investigate the effect of radial conjugation and bending on the involved π-systems. They can possess unexpected optoelectronic properties and their radially oriented π-system makes them attractive for host-guest chemistry. Bending the π-subsystems can lead to chiral hoops. Herein, we report the stereoselective synthesis of two enantiomers of chiral conjugated nanohoops by incorporating dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes (DBPs), which are generated in the last synthetic step from enantiomerically pure diketone precursors. Owing to its bent shape, this diketone unit was used as the only bent precursor and novel "corner unit" in the synthesis of the hoops. The [6]DBP[4]Ph-hoops contain six antiaromatic DBP units and four bridging phenylene groups. The small HOMO-LUMO gap and ambipolar electrochemical character of the DBP units is reflected in the optoelectronic properties of the hoop. Electronic circular dichroism spectra and MD simulations showed that the chiral hoop did not racemize even when heated to 110 °C. Due to its large diameter, it was able to accommodate two C60 molecules, as binding studies indicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kohn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Seitz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin U Betschart
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Xie M, Tong S, Wang MX. Synthesis and Reactions of C4-Symmetric 1,3,5,7(1,3)-Tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane Tetraazide and Tetraamine Derivatives: Toward the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Embedded Zigzag Hydrocarbon Belts. Org Lett 2021; 23:1835-1839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuo Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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