1
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Song F, Salter R, Chen L. Carbon-14 Labeling Synthesis of RORγt Inhibitor JNJ-61803534. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:288-294. [PMID: 38803015 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-14 labeling synthesis of RORγt inhibitor JNJ-61803534 (1) was accomplished in four steps with the C14 label located at the thiazole-2-carboxamide carbon. The synthesis featured a highly efficient conversion of nitrile [14C]-12 to ester [14C]-17 under mild conditions via an imidate intermediate, overcoming the unsuccessful direct hydrolysis of nitrile 12 under either acidic or basic conditions. Since carbon-14 labeling via [14C]-nitrile installation and subsequent conversion to [14C]-carboxylic acid derivatives is a common labeling strategy, an efficient conversion of a nitrile to an ester under mild conditions could be of use for the future C14 labeling syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Song
- Therapeutics Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rhys Salter
- Therapeutics Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Therapeutics Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Iizumi K, Tanaka H, Muto K, Yamaguchi J. Palladium-Catalyzed Denitrative Synthesis of Aryl Nitriles from Nitroarenes and Organocyanides. Org Lett 2024; 26:3977-3981. [PMID: 38683691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A denitrative cyanation of nitroarenes using organocyanides and a palladium catalyst was developed. The key for this reaction was the utilization of an aminoacetonitrile as a cyano source to avoid the generation of stoichiometric metal- and halogen-containing chemical waste. A wide range of nitroarenes, including heteroarenes and pharmaceutical molecules, can be converted into aryl nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Iizumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Kei Muto
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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3
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Moharir S, Akotkar L, Aswar U, Kumar D, Gawade B, Pal K, Rane R. Improved Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile of Deuterium-Reinforced Tricyclic Antidepressants Doxepin, Dosulepin, and Clomipramine in Animal Models. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 49:181-190. [PMID: 38172422 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Doxepin, dosulepin, and clomipramine are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) that act as serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. The metabolites formed by N-dealkylation of these tricyclic antidepressants contribute to overall poor pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Deuteration of the methyl groups at metabolically active sites has been reported to be a useful strategy for developing more selective and potent antidepressants. This isotopic deuteration can lead to better bioavailability and overall effectiveness. The objective is to study the effect of site-selective deuteration of TCAs on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile by comparison with their nondeuterated counterparts. METHODS In the current study, the pharmacokinetic profile and antidepressant behavior of deuterated TCAs were evaluated using the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), using male Wistar rats and male Swiss albino mice, respectively; additionally, a synaptosomal reuptake study was carried out. RESULTS Compared with the nondeuterated parent drugs, deuterated forms showed improved efficacy in the behavior paradigm, indicating improved pharmacological activity. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated increased maximum concentration in the plasma (Cmax), elimination half-life (t1/2), and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in deuterated compounds. This can have a positive clinical impact on antidepressant treatment. Synaptosomal reuptake studies indicated marked inhibition of the reuptake mechanism of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine. CONCLUSIONS Deuterated TCAs can prove to be potentially better molecules in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders as compared with nondeuterated compounds. In addition, we have demonstrated a concept that metabolically active, site-selective deuteration can be beneficial for improving the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of TCAs. A further toxicological study of these compounds is needed to validate their future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyash Moharir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Likhit Akotkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Urmila Aswar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Bapu Gawade
- Cleanchem Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., Kopar-Khairane, Navi Mumbai, 400710, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Rajesh Rane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India.
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4
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Li S, Qian C, Wu XN, Zhou S. Carbon-Atom Exchange between [MC 2] + (M = Os and Ir) and Methane: on the Thermodynamic and Dynamic Aspects. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:792-798. [PMID: 38239066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Gas-phase reactions of [OsC2]+ and [IrC2]+ with methane at ambient temperature have been studied using quadrupole-ion trap mass spectrometry combined with quantum chemical calculations. Both [OsC2]+ and [IrC2]+ undergo carbon-atom exchange reactions with methane. The associated mechanisms for the two systems are found to be similar. The differences in the rates of carbon isotope exchange reactions of methane with [MC2]+ (M = Os and Ir) are explained by several factors like the energy barrier for the initial H3C-H bond breaking processes, the molecular dynamics, orbital interactions, and the H-binding energies of the pivotal steps. Besides, the number of participating valence orbitals might be one of the keys to regulate the rate in the key step. The present findings may provide useful ideas and inspiration for designing similar processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Chemicals Technology, Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Qian
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Chemicals Technology, Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Nan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Chemicals Technology, Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
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5
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Derdau V, Elmore CS, Hartung T, McKillican B, Mejuch T, Rosenbaum C, Wiebe C. The Future of (Radio)-Labeled Compounds in Research and Development within the Life Science Industry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306019. [PMID: 37610759 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this review the applications of isotopically labeled compounds are discussed and put into the context of their future impact in the life sciences. Especially discussing their use in the pharma and crop science industries to follow their fate in the environment, in vivo or in complex matrices to understand the potential harm of new chemical structures and to increase the safety of human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Derdau
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Research & Development, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce McKillican
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, North America Product Safety (retired), USA
| | - Tom Mejuch
- BASF SE, Agricultural Solutions, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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6
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Liang YF, Bilal M, Tang LY, Wang TZ, Guan YQ, Cheng Z, Zhu M, Wei J, Jiao N. Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage for Late-Stage Functionalization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12313-12370. [PMID: 37942891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) introduces functional group or structural modification at the final stage of the synthesis of natural products, drugs, and complex compounds. It is anticipated that late-stage functionalization would improve drug discovery's effectiveness and efficiency and hasten the creation of various chemical libraries. Consequently, late-stage functionalization of natural products is a productive technique to produce natural product derivatives, which significantly impacts chemical biology and drug development. Carbon-carbon bonds make up the fundamental framework of organic molecules. Compared with the carbon-carbon bond construction, the carbon-carbon bond activation can directly enable molecular editing (deletion, insertion, or modification of atoms or groups of atoms) and provide a more efficient and accurate synthetic strategy. However, the efficient and selective activation of unstrained carbon-carbon bonds is still one of the most challenging projects in organic synthesis. This review encompasses the strategies employed in recent years for carbon-carbon bond cleavage by explicitly focusing on their applicability in late-stage functionalization. This review expands the current discourse on carbon-carbon bond cleavage in late-stage functionalization reactions by providing a comprehensive overview of the selective cleavage of various types of carbon-carbon bonds. This includes C-C(sp), C-C(sp2), and C-C(sp3) single bonds; carbon-carbon double bonds; and carbon-carbon triple bonds, with a focus on catalysis by transition metals or organocatalysts. Additionally, specific topics, such as ring-opening processes involving carbon-carbon bond cleavage in three-, four-, five-, and six-membered rings, are discussed, and exemplar applications of these techniques are showcased in the context of complex bioactive molecules or drug discovery. This review aims to shed light on recent advancements in the field and propose potential avenues for future research in the realm of late-stage carbon-carbon bond functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Le-Yu Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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7
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Abstract
Stable isotopes such as 2H, 13C, and 15N have important applications in chemistry and drug discovery. Late-stage incorporation of uncommon isotopes via isotopic exchange allows for the direct conversion of complex molecules into their valuable isotopologues without requiring a de novo synthesis. While synthetic methods exist for the conversion of hydrogen and carbon atoms into their less abundant isotopes, a corresponding method for accessing 15N-primary amines from their naturally occurring 14N-analogues has not yet been disclosed. We report an approach to access 15N-labeled primary amines via late-stage isotopic exchange using a simple benzophenone imine as the 15N source. By activating α-1 and α-2° amines to Katritzky pyridinium salts and α-3° amines to redox-active imines, we can engage primary alkyl amines in a deaminative amination. The redox-active imines proceed via a radical-polar crossover mechanism, whereas the Katritzky salts are engaged in copper catalysis via an electron donor-acceptor complex. The method is general for a variety of amines, including multiple drug compounds, and results in complete and selective isotopic labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Dorsheimer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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8
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Labiche A, Malandain A, Molins M, Taran F, Audisio D. Modern Strategies for Carbon Isotope Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303535. [PMID: 37074841 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to stable and natural abundant carbon-12, the synthesis of organic molecules with carbon (radio)isotopes must be conceived and optimized in order to navigate through the hurdles of radiochemical requirements, such as high costs of the starting materials, harsh conditions and radioactive waste generation. In addition, it must initiate from the small cohort of available C-labeled building blocks. For long time, multi-step approaches have represented the sole available patterns. On the other side, the development of chemical reactions based on the reversible cleavage of C-C bonds might offer new opportunities and reshape retrosynthetic analysis in radiosynthesis. This review aims to provide a short survey on the recently emerged carbon isotope exchange technologies that provide effective opportunity for late-stage labeling. At present, such strategies have relied on the use of primary and easily accessible radiolabeled C1-building blocks, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and cyanides, while the activation principles have been based on thermal, photocatalytic, metal-catalyzed and biocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Labiche
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Augustin Malandain
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maxime Molins
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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9
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Davenport E, Negru DE, Badman G, Lindsay DM, Kerr WJ. Robust and General Late-Stage Methylation of Aryl Chlorides: Application to Isotopic Labeling of Drug-like Scaffolds. ACS Catal 2023; 13:11541-11547. [PMID: 37671180 PMCID: PMC10476154 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of isotopically labeled compounds for drug discovery and development presents a unique challenge. Both stable and radioactive isotopes must be incorporated into complex bioactive molecules as efficiently as possible, using precious, and often expensive, isotopically enriched reagents. Due to the ubiquity and importance of methyl groups in drug molecules, there is a requirement for a general, late-stage methylation that allows for the incorporation of both carbon and hydrogen isotopes. Herein, we report a highly efficient, robust palladium-catalyzed approach, optimized via high-throughput experimentation, for the methylation of aryl chlorides using potassium methyltrifluoroborate. A practically straightforward route to isotopically labeled methylating agents has also been developed, and the methodology applied to isotopologue synthesis, including the installation of isotopic labels in a range of drug-like scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Davenport
- Drug
Substance Development, GSK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K.
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Daniela E. Negru
- Drug
Substance Development, GSK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Geoff Badman
- Drug
Substance Development, GSK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - David M. Lindsay
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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10
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Monticelli S, Talbot A, Gotico P, Caillé F, Loreau O, Del Vecchio A, Malandain A, Sallustrau A, Leibl W, Aukauloo A, Taran F, Halime Z, Audisio D. Unlocking full and fast conversion in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction for applications in radio-carbonylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4451. [PMID: 37488106 PMCID: PMC10366225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Harvesting sunlight to drive carbon dioxide (CO2) valorisation represents an ideal concept to support a sustainable and carbon-neutral economy. While the photochemical reduction of CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as a hot research topic, the full CO2-to-CO conversion remains an often-overlooked criterion that prevents a productive and direct valorisation of CO into high-value-added chemicals. Herein, we report a photocatalytic process that unlocks full and fast CO2-to-CO conversion (<10 min) and its straightforward valorisation into human health related field of radiochemistry with carbon isotopes. Guided by reaction-model-based kinetic simulations to rationalize reaction optimisations, this manifold opens new opportunities for the direct access to 11C- and 14C-labeled pharmaceuticals from their primary isotopic sources [11C]CO2 and [14C]CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Monticelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alex Talbot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philipp Gotico
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), F-91401, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Loreau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antonio Del Vecchio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Augustin Malandain
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Winfried Leibl
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ally Aukauloo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, F-91400,, Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Zakaria Halime
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, F-91400,, Orsay, France.
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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11
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Wu X, Chen W, Holmberg-Douglas N, Bida GT, Tu X, Ma X, Wu Z, Nicewicz DA, Li Z. 11C, 12C and 13C-Cyanation of Electron-Rich Arenes via Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Chem 2023; 9:343-362. [PMID: 36777049 PMCID: PMC9913897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As a non-invasive imaging technology, positron emission tomography (PET) plays a crucial role in personalized medicine, including early diagnosis, patient screening, and treatment monitoring. The advancement of PET research depends on the discovery of new PET agents, which requires the development of simple and efficient radiolabeling methods in many cases. As bioisosteres for halogen and carbonyl moieties, nitriles are important functional groups in pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds. Here, we disclose a mild organophotoredox-catalyzed method for efficient cyanation of a broad spectrum of electron-rich arenes, including abundant and readily available veratroles and pyrogallol trimethyl ethers. Notably, the transformations not only are compatible with various affordable 12C and 13C-cyanide sources, but also could be applied to carbon-11 synthons to incorporate [11C]nitriles into arenes. The aryl [11C]nitriles can be further derivatized to [11C]carboxylic acids, [11C]amides, and [11C]alkyl amines. The newly developed reaction can serve as a powerful tool for generating new PET agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Wu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Natalie Holmberg-Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald Thomas Bida
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Xianshuang Tu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Xinrui Ma
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, United States
| | - Zibo Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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12
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Babin V, Taran F, Audisio D. Late-Stage Carbon-14 Labeling and Isotope Exchange: Emerging Opportunities and Future Challenges. JACS AU 2022; 2:1234-1251. [PMID: 35783167 PMCID: PMC9241029 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-14 (14C) is a gold standard technology routinely utilized in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries for tracking synthetic organic molecules and providing their metabolic and safety profiles. While the state of the art has been dominated for decades by traditional multistep synthetic approaches, the recent emergence of late-stage carbon isotope labeling has provided new avenues to rapidly access carbon-14-labeled biologically relevant compounds. In particular, the development of carbon isotope exchange has represented a fundamental paradigm change, opening the way to unexplored synthetic transformations. In this Perspective, we discuss the recent developments in the field with a critical assessment of the literature. We subsequently discuss research directions and future challenges within this rapidly evolving field.
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13
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Long Y, Zheng Y, Xia Y, Qu L, Yang Y, Xiang H, Zhou X. Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of an Aryl Nitrile via Aryl Exchange between an Aromatic Amide and a Simple Nitrile. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Long
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lang Qu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuhe Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Xiang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiangge Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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Shekhar S, Ahmed TS, Ickes AR, Haibach MC. Recent Advances in Nonprecious Metal Catalysis. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Tonia S. Ahmed
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew R. Ickes
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael C. Haibach
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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