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Kweon TH, Jung H, Ko JY, Kang J, Kim W, Kim Y, Kim HB, Yi EC, Ku NO, Cho JW, Yang WH. O-GlcNAcylation of RBM14 contributes to elevated cellular O-GlcNAc through regulation of OGA protein stability. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114163. [PMID: 38678556 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as a potential biomarker for several diseases, particularly cancer. The role of OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase) in maintaining O-GlcNAc homeostasis has been extensively studied; nevertheless, the regulation of OGA (O-GlcNAcase) in cancer remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the multifunctional protein RBM14 is a regulator of cellular O-GlcNAcylation. By investigating the correlation between elevated O-GlcNAcylation and increased RBM14 expression in lung cancer cells, we discovered that RBM14 promotes ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of OGA, ultimately mediating cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels. In addition, RBM14 itself is O-GlcNAcylated at serine 521, regulating its interaction with the E3 ligase TRIM33, consequently affecting OGA protein stability. Moreover, we demonstrated that mutation of serine 521 to alanine abrogated the oncogenic properties of RBM14. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism for the regulation of OGA and suggest a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers with dysregulated O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kweon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeryeon Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Ko
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingu Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeolhoe Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byeol Kim
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene C Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-On Ku
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Ho Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Guo D, Xiong Y, Fu B, Sha Z, Li B, Wu H. Liquid-Liquid phase separation in bacteria. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127627. [PMID: 38262205 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Cells are the essential building blocks of living organisms, responsible for carrying out various biochemical reactions and performing specific functions. In eukaryotic cells, numerous membrane organelles have evolved to facilitate these processes by providing specific spatial locations. In recent years, it has also been discovered that membraneless organelles play a crucial role in the subcellular organization of bacteria, which are single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms characterized by their simple structure and small size. These membraneless organelles in bacteria have been found to undergo Liquid-Liquid phase separation (LLPS), a molecular mechanism that allows for their assembly. Through extensive research, the occurrence of LLPS and its role in the spatial organization of bacteria have been better understood. Various biomacromolecules have been identified to exhibit LLPS properties in different bacterial species. LLPS which is introduced into synthetic biology applies to bacteria has important implications, and three recent research reports have shed light on its potential applications in this field. Overall, this review investigates the molecular mechanisms of LLPS occurrence and its significance in bacteria while also considering the future prospects of implementing LLPS in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Beibei Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bohao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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3
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Johnson CN, Sojitra KA, Sohn EJ, Moreno-Romero AK, Baudin A, Xu X, Mittal J, Libich DS. Insights into Molecular Diversity within the FUS/EWS/TAF15 Protein Family: Unraveling Phase Separation of the N-Terminal Low-Complexity Domain from RNA-Binding Protein EWS. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8071-8085. [PMID: 38492239 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The FET protein family, comprising FUS, EWS, and TAF15, plays crucial roles in mRNA maturation, transcriptional regulation, and DNA damage response. Clinically, they are linked to Ewing family tumors and neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The fusion protein EWS::FLI1, the causative mutation of Ewing sarcoma, arises from a genomic translocation that fuses a portion of the low-complexity domain (LCD) of EWS (EWSLCD) with the DNA binding domain of the ETS transcription factor FLI1. This fusion protein modifies transcriptional programs and disrupts native EWS functions, such as splicing. The exact role of the intrinsically disordered EWSLCD remains a topic of active investigation, but its ability to phase separate and form biomolecular condensates is believed to be central to EWS::FLI1's oncogenic properties. Here, we used paramagnetic relaxation enhancement NMR, microscopy, and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to better understand the self-association and phase separation tendencies of the EWSLCD. Our NMR data and mutational analysis suggest that a higher density and proximity of tyrosine residues amplify the likelihood of condensate formation. MD simulations revealed that the tyrosine-rich termini exhibit compact conformations with unique contact networks and provided critical input on the relationship between contacts formed within a single molecule (intramolecular) and inside the condensed phase (intermolecular). These findings enhance our understanding of FET proteins' condensate-forming capabilities and underline differences between EWS, FUS, and TAF15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney N Johnson
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Kandarp A Sojitra
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Erich J Sohn
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Alma K Moreno-Romero
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Antoine Baudin
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David S Libich
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
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4
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Sundara Rajan S, Ebegboni VJ, Pichling P, Ludwig KR, Jones TL, Chari R, Tran A, Kruhlak MJ, Loncarek J, Caplen NJ. Endogenous EWSR1 Exists in Two Visual Modalities That Reflect Its Associations with Nucleic Acids and Concentration at Sites of Active Transcription. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:103-122. [PMID: 38506112 PMCID: PMC10986767 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2315425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
EWSR1 is a member of the FET family of nucleic acid binding proteins that includes FUS and TAF15. Here, we report the systematic analysis of endogenous EWSR1's cellular organization in human cells. We demonstrate that EWSR1, which contains low complexity and nucleic acid binding domains, is present in cells in faster and slower-recovering fractions, indicative of a protein undergoing both rapid exchange and longer-term interactions. The employment of complementary high-resolution imaging approaches shows EWSR1 exists in two visual modalities, a distributed state which is present throughout the nucleoplasm, and a concentrated state consistent with the formation of foci. Both EWSR1 visual modalities localize with nascent RNA. EWSR1 foci concentrate in regions of euchromatin, adjacent to protein markers of transcriptional activation, and significantly colocalize with phosphorylated RNA polymerase II. Our results contribute to bridging the gap between our understanding of the biophysical and biochemical properties of FET proteins, including EWSR1, their functions as transcriptional regulators, and the participation of these proteins in tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sundara Rajan
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vernon J. Ebegboni
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricio Pichling
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katelyn R. Ludwig
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tamara L. Jones
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Andy Tran
- CCR Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J. Kruhlak
- CCR Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Centrosome Biology Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha J. Caplen
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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5
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Sang CC, Moore G, Tereshchenko M, Nosella ML, Zhang H, Alderson TR, Dasovich M, Leung A, Finkelstein IJ, Forman-Kay JD, Lee HO. PARP1 condensates differentially partition DNA repair proteins and enhance DNA ligation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.575817. [PMID: 38328070 PMCID: PMC10849519 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.575817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is one of the first responders to DNA damage and plays crucial roles in recruiting DNA repair proteins through its activity - poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). The enrichment of DNA repair proteins at sites of DNA damage has been described as the formation of a biomolecular condensate. However, it is not understood how PARP1 and PARylation contribute to the formation and organization of DNA repair condensates. Using recombinant human PARP1 in vitro, we find that PARP1 readily forms viscous biomolecular condensates in a DNA-dependent manner and that this depends on its three zinc finger (ZnF) domains. PARylation enhances PARP1 condensation in a PAR chain-length dependent manner and increases the internal dynamics of PARP1 condensates. DNA and single-strand break repair proteins XRCC1, LigIII, Polβ, and FUS partition in PARP1 condensates, although in different patterns. While Polβ and FUS are both homogeneously mixed within PARP1 condensates, FUS enrichment is greatly enhanced upon PARylation whereas Polβ partitioning is not. XRCC1 and LigIII display an inhomogeneous organization within PARP1 condensates; their enrichment in these multiphase condensates is enhanced by PARylation. Functionally, PARP1 condensates concentrate short DNA fragments and facilitate compaction of long DNA and bridge DNA ends. Furthermore, the presence of PARP1 condensates significantly promotes DNA ligation upon PARylation. These findings provide insight into how PARP1 condensation and PARylation regulate the assembly and biochemical activities in DNA repair foci, which may inform on how PARPs function in other PAR-driven condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaelen Moore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maria Tereshchenko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael L. Nosella
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Hongshan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - T. Reid Alderson
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Morgan Dasovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anthony Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Oncology, and Department of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ilya J. Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Julie D. Forman-Kay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Hyun O. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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6
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Yu F, Yang S, Ni H, Heng D, Wu X, Yang M, Zhang X, Cao Y, Pei Y, An D, Li D, Liu D, Liu L, Pan L, Chen Q, Zhu X, Zhou J. O-GlcNAcylation Regulates Centrosome Behavior and Cell Polarity to Reduce Pulmonary Fibrosis and Maintain the Epithelial Phenotype. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303545. [PMID: 37963851 PMCID: PMC10754140 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation functions as a cellular nutrient and stress sensor and participates in almost all cellular processes. However, it remains unclear whether O-GlcNAcylation plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, because mice lacking O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are embryonically lethal. Here, a mild Ogt knockout mouse model is constructed and the important role of O-GlcNAcylation in establishing and maintaining cell polarity is demonstrated. Ogt knockout leads to severe pulmonary fibrosis and dramatically promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistic studies reveal that OGT interacts with pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) and centrosomal protein 131 (CEP131), components of centriolar satellites required for anchoring microtubules to the centrosome. These data further show that O-GlcNAcylation of PCM1 and CEP131 promotes their centrosomal localization through phase separation. Decrease in O-GlcNAcylation prevents PCM1 and CEP131 from localizing to the centrosome, instead dispersing these proteins throughout the cell and impairing the microtubule-centrosome interaction to disrupt centrosome positioning and cell polarity. These findings identify a previously unrecognized role for protein O-GlcNAcylation in establishing and maintaining cell polarity with important implications for the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- School of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdao266071China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- School of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdao266071China
| | - Hua Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Dai Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Mulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xinming Zhang
- Department of Endodontics and Laboratory of Stem Cells Endocrine ImmunologyTianjin Medical University School of StomatologyTianjin300070China
| | - Yuxin Cao
- Department of Endodontics and Laboratory of Stem Cells Endocrine ImmunologyTianjin Medical University School of StomatologyTianjin300070China
| | - Yandong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Di An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Dayong Liu
- Department of Endodontics and Laboratory of Stem Cells Endocrine ImmunologyTianjin Medical University School of StomatologyTianjin300070China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Leiting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
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7
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Johnson CN, Sojitra KA, Sohn EJ, Moreno-Romero AK, Baudin A, Xu X, Mittal J, Libich DS. Insights into Molecular Diversity within the FET Family: Unraveling Phase Separation of the N-Terminal Low Complexity Domain from RNA-Binding Protein EWS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564484. [PMID: 37961424 PMCID: PMC10634919 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The FET family proteins, which includes FUS, EWS, and TAF15, are RNA chaperones instrumental in processes such as mRNA maturation, transcriptional regulation, and the DNA damage response. These proteins have clinical significance: chromosomal rearrangements in FET proteins are implicated in Ewing family tumors and related sarcomas. Furthermore, point mutations in FUS and TAF15 are associated with neurodegenerative conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar dementia. The fusion protein EWS::FLI1, the causative mutation of Ewing sarcoma, arises from a genomic translocation that fuses the low-complexity domain (LCD) of EWS (EWSLCD) with the DNA binding domain of the ETS transcription factor FLI1. This fusion not only alters transcriptional programs but also hinders native EWS functions like splicing. However, the precise function of the intrinsically disordered EWSLCD is still a topic of active investigation. Due to its flexible nature, EWSLCD can form transient interactions with itself and other biomolecules, leading to the formation of biomolecular condensates through phase separation - a mechanism thought to be central to the oncogenicity of EWS::FLI1. In our study, we used paramagnetic relaxation enhancement NMR, analytical ultracentrifugation, light microscopy, and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to better understand the self-association and phase separation tendencies of EWSLCD. Our aim was to elucidate the molecular events that underpin EWSLCD-mediated biomolecular condensation. Our NMR data suggest tyrosine residues primarily drive the interactions vital for EWSLCD phase separation. Moreover, a higher density and proximity of tyrosine residues amplify the likelihood of condensate formation. Atomistic MD simulations and hydrodynamic experiments revealed that the tyrosine-rich N and C-termini tend to populate compact conformations, establishing unique contact networks, that are connected by a predominantly extended, tyrosine-depleted, linker region. MD simulations provide critical input on the relationship between contacts formed within a single molecule (intramolecular) and inside the condensed phase (intermolecular), and changes in protein conformations upon condensation. These results offer deeper insights into the condensate-forming abilities of the FET proteins and highlights unique structural and functional nuances between EWS and its counterparts, FUS and TAF15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney N Johnson
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
| | - Kandarp A Sojitra
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Erich J Sohn
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
| | - Alma K Moreno-Romero
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
| | - Antoine Baudin
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David S Libich
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States
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8
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Chen Y, Wan R, Zou Z, Lao L, Shao G, Zheng Y, Tang L, Yuan Y, Ge Y, He C, Lin S. O-GlcNAcylation determines the translational regulation and phase separation of YTHDF proteins. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1676-1690. [PMID: 37945829 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal mRNA nucleotide modification in mammals, regulating critical aspects of cell physiology and differentiation. The YTHDF proteins are the primary readers of m6A modifications and exert physiological functions of m6A in the cytosol. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of YTHDF proteins is critical to understanding m6A biology. Here we report a mechanism that protein post-translational modifications control the biological functions of the YTHDF proteins. We find that YTHDF1 and YTHDF3, but not YTHDF2, carry high levels of nutrient-sensing O-GlcNAc modifications. O-GlcNAcylation attenuates the translation-promoting function of YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 by blocking their interactions with proteins associated with mRNA translation. We further demonstrate that O-GlcNAc modifications on YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 regulate the assembly, stability and disassembly of stress granules to enable better recovery from stress. Therefore, our results discover an important regulatory pathway of YTHDF functions, adding an additional layer of complexity to the post-transcriptional regulation function of mRNA m6A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ruixi Wan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhongyu Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lihui Lao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojian Shao
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Ge
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Shixian Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Rajan SS, Ebegboni VJ, Pichling P, Ludwig KR, Jones TL, Chari R, Tran A, Kruhlak MJ, Loncarek J, Caplen NJ. EWSR1's visual modalities are defined by its association with nucleic acids and RNA polymerase II. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.16.553246. [PMID: 37645932 PMCID: PMC10462028 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
We report systematic analysis of endogenous EWSR1's cellular organization. We demonstrate that EWSR1, which contains low complexity and nucleic acid binding domains, is present in cells in faster and slower-recovering fractions, indicative of a protein undergoing both rapid exchange and longer-term interactions. The employment of complementary high-resolution imaging approaches shows EWSR1 exists in in two visual modalities, a distributed state which is present throughout the nucleoplasm, and a concentrated state consistent with the formation of foci. Both EWSR1 visual modalities localize with nascent RNA. EWSR1 foci concentrate in regions of euchromatin, adjacent to protein markers of transcriptional activation, and significantly colocalize with phosphorylated RNA polymerase II. Interestingly, EWSR1 and FUS, another FET protein, exhibit distinct spatial organizations. Our results contribute to bridging the gap between our understanding of the biophysical and biochemical properties of FET proteins, including EWSR1, their functions as transcriptional regulators, and the participation of these proteins in tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sundara Rajan
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health MD 20892, USA
| | - Vernon J. Ebegboni
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricio Pichling
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health MD 20892, USA
| | - Katelyn R. Ludwig
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health MD 20892, USA
| | - Tamara L. Jones
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health MD 20892, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program at the Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Andy Tran
- CCR Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael J. Kruhlak
- CCR Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Centrosome Biology Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Natasha J. Caplen
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health MD 20892, USA
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10
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Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are reversible compartments that form through a process called phase separation. Post-translational modifications like ADP-ribosylation can nucleate the formation of these condensates by accelerating the self-association of proteins. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains are remarkably transient modifications with turnover rates on the order of minutes, yet they can be required for the formation of granules in response to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and other stimuli. Moreover, accumulation of PAR is linked with adverse phase transitions in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we provide a primer on how PAR is synthesized and regulated, the diverse structures and chemistries of ADP-ribosylation modifications, and protein-PAR interactions. We review substantial progress in recent efforts to determine the molecular mechanism of PAR-mediated phase separation, and we further delineate how inhibitors of PAR polymerases may be effective treatments for neurodegenerative pathologies. Finally, we highlight the need for rigorous biochemical interrogation of ADP-ribosylation in vivo and in vitro to clarify the exact pathway from PARylation to condensate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rhine
- Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hana M Odeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sua Myong
- Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Physics Frontier Center (Center for the Physics of Living Cells), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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11
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Ben Ahmed A, Lemaire Q, Scache J, Mariller C, Lefebvre T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS. O-GlcNAc Dynamics: The Sweet Side of Protein Trafficking Regulation in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1396. [PMID: 37408229 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of proteins between the different cellular compartments and the cell surface is governed by the secretory pathway. Alternatively, unconventional secretion pathways have been described in mammalian cells, especially through multivesicular bodies and exosomes. These highly sophisticated biological processes rely on a wide variety of signaling and regulatory proteins that act sequentially and in a well-orchestrated manner to ensure the proper delivery of cargoes to their final destination. By modifying numerous proteins involved in the regulation of vesicular trafficking, post-translational modifications (PTMs) participate in the tight regulation of cargo transport in response to extracellular stimuli such as nutrient availability and stress. Among the PTMs, O-GlcNAcylation is the reversible addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharide (GlcNAc) on serine or threonine residues of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins. O-GlcNAc cycling is mediated by a single couple of enzymes: the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) which catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc onto proteins, and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) which hydrolyses it. Here, we review the current knowledge on the emerging role of O-GlcNAc modification in the regulation of protein trafficking in mammalian cells, in classical and unconventional secretory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatef Ben Ahmed
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Quentin Lemaire
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jodie Scache
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Mariller
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
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12
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Li X, Du Y, Chen X, Liu C. Emerging roles of O-glycosylation in regulating protein aggregation, phase separation, and functions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102314. [PMID: 37156204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-glycosylation is widely identified in various proteins involved in diverse biological processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that O-glycosylation plays crucial and multifaceted roles in modulating protein amyloid aggregation and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) under physiological conditions. Dysregulation of these processes is closely associated with human diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and cancers. In this review, we first summarize the distinct roles of O-glycosylation in regulating pathological aggregation of different amyloid proteins related to NDs and elaborate the underlying mechanisms of how O-glycosylation modulates protein aggregation kinetics, induces new aggregated structures, and mediates the pathogenesis of amyloid aggregates under diseased conditions. Furthermore, we introduce recent discoveries on O-GlcNAc-mediated regulation of synaptic LLPS and phase separation potency of low-complexity domain-enriched proteins. Finally, we identify challenges in future research and highlight the potential for developing new therapeutic strategies of NDs by targeting protein O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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13
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Choi HJ, Lee JY, Kim K. Glutathionylation on RNA-binding proteins: a regulator of liquid‒liquid phase separation in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:735-744. [PMID: 37009800 PMCID: PMC10167235 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) containing low-sequence complexity domains mediate the formation of cellular condensates and membrane-less organelles with biological functions via liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS). However, the abnormal phase transition of these proteins induces the formation of insoluble aggregates. Aggregates are pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The molecular mechanisms underlying aggregate formation by ALS-associated RPBs remain largely unknown. This review highlights emerging studies on various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) related to protein aggregation. We begin with the introduction of several ALS-associated RBPs that form aggregates induced by phase separation. In addition, we highlight our recent discovery of a new PTM involved in the phase transition during the pathogenesis of fused-in-sarcoma (FUS)-associated ALS. We suggest a molecular mechanism through which LLPS mediates glutathionylation in FUS-linked ALS. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the key molecular mechanisms of LLPS-mediated aggregate formation by PTMs, which will help further the understanding of the pathogenesis and development of ALS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Choi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Korea.
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14
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Kakuo M, Horii T, Tonomura N, Sato R, Ogawa M, Okajima T, Kamemura K. Evidence that only EWS among the FET proteins acquires a low partitioning property for the hyperosmotic stress response by O-GlcNAc glycosylation on its low-complexity domain. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113504. [PMID: 36736606 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
FET proteins (FUS, EWS, and TAF15) share a common domain organization, bind RNA/DNA, and perform similarly multifunctional roles in the regulation of gene expression. Of the FET proteins, however, only EWS appears to have a distinct property in the cellular stress response. Therefore, we focused on the relationship between hyperosmotic stress response and post-translational modifications of the FET proteins. We confirmed that the hyperosmotic stress-dependent translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the cellular granule formation of FET proteins, and that EWS is less likely to partition into cellular granules in the cytoplasm than FUS or TAF15. The domain involved in the less partitioning property of EWS was found to be its low-complexity domain (LCD). Chemoenzymatic labeling analysis of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) residues revealed that O-GlcNAc glycosylation occurs frequently in the LCD of EWS. A correlation was observed between the glycosylation of EWS and the less partitioning property under the hyperosmotic stress. These results suggest that among the FET proteins, only EWS has acquired the unique property through O-GlcNAc glycosylation. The glycosylation may play an essential role in regulating physiological functions of EWS, such as transcriptional activity, in addition to the property in cellular stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Kakuo
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Takeshi Horii
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Naoto Tonomura
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Runa Sato
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kamemura
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan.
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15
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Regulation of Polyhomeotic Condensates by Intrinsically Disordered Sequences That Affect Chromatin Binding. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:epigenomes6040040. [PMID: 36412795 PMCID: PMC9680516 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb group (PcG) complex PRC1 localizes in the nucleus in condensed structures called Polycomb bodies. The PRC1 subunit Polyhomeotic (Ph) contains an oligomerizing sterile alpha motif (SAM) that is implicated in both PcG body formation and chromatin organization in Drosophila and mammalian cells. A truncated version of Ph containing the SAM (mini-Ph) forms phase-separated condensates with DNA or chromatin in vitro, suggesting that PcG bodies may form through SAM-driven phase separation. In cells, Ph forms multiple small condensates, while mini-Ph typically forms a single large nuclear condensate. We therefore hypothesized that sequences outside of mini-Ph, which are predicted to be intrinsically disordered, are required for proper condensate formation. We identified three distinct low-complexity regions in Ph based on sequence composition. We systematically tested the role of each of these sequences in Ph condensates using live imaging of transfected Drosophila S2 cells. Each sequence uniquely affected Ph SAM-dependent condensate size, number, and morphology, but the most dramatic effects occurred when the central, glutamine-rich intrinsically disordered region (IDR) was removed, which resulted in large Ph condensates. Like mini-Ph condensates, condensates lacking the glutamine-rich IDR excluded chromatin. Chromatin fractionation experiments indicated that the removal of the glutamine-rich IDR reduced chromatin binding and that the removal of either of the other IDRs increased chromatin binding. Our data suggest that all three IDRs, and functional interactions among them, regulate Ph condensate size and number. Our results can be explained by a model in which tight chromatin binding by Ph IDRs antagonizes Ph SAM-driven phase separation. Our observations highlight the complexity of regulation of biological condensates housed in single proteins.
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16
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Okuno Y, Nishimura T, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Glycopeptoid nanospheres: glycosylation-induced coacervation of poly(sarcosine). NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3707-3710. [PMID: 36133351 PMCID: PMC9470024 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of maltopentaose to water-soluble homo-poly(sarcosine) induced self-association and formed nanospheres (-150 nm) in water although homo-poly(sarcosine) was water-soluble and did not form any aggregates. Fluorescent probe experiments showed that the spheres were non-ionic glycopeptoid coacervate-like particles with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains inside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Okuno
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamanote-cho Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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17
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Sridharan S, Hernandez-Armendariz A, Kurzawa N, Potel CM, Memon D, Beltrao P, Bantscheff M, Huber W, Cuylen-Haering S, Savitski MM. Systematic discovery of biomolecular condensate-specific protein phosphorylation. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:1104-1114. [PMID: 35864335 PMCID: PMC9512703 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important mechanism for regulating (dis)assembly of biomolecular condensates. However, condensate-specific phosphosites remain largely unknown, thereby limiting our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we combine solubility proteome profiling with phosphoproteomics to quantitatively map several hundred phosphosites enriched in either soluble or condensate-bound protein subpopulations, including a subset of phosphosites modulating protein–RNA interactions. We show that multi-phosphorylation of the C-terminal disordered segment of heteronuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1), a key RNA-splicing factor, reduces its ability to locate to nuclear clusters. For nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), an essential nucleolar protein, we show that phosphorylation of S254 and S260 is crucial for lowering its partitioning to the nucleolus and additional phosphorylation of distal sites enhances its retention in the nucleoplasm. These phosphorylation events decrease RNA and protein interactions of NPM1 to regulate its condensation. Our dataset is a rich resource for systematically uncovering the phosphoregulation of biomolecular condensates. ![]()
A combination of solubility proteome profiling with phosphoproteomics enables systematic analysis of the phosphorylation status of proteins in soluble and condensate-bound pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhuja Sridharan
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Hernandez-Armendariz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Kurzawa
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clement M Potel
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danish Memon
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Wolfgang Huber
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mikhail M Savitski
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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King DT, Serrano-Negrón JE, Zhu Y, Moore CL, Shoulders MD, Foster LJ, Vocadlo DJ. Thermal Proteome Profiling Reveals the O-GlcNAc-Dependent Meltome. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3833-3842. [PMID: 35230102 PMCID: PMC8969899 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications alter the biophysical properties of proteins and thereby influence cellular physiology. One emerging manner by which such modifications regulate protein functions is through their ability to perturb protein stability. Despite the increasing interest in this phenomenon, there are few methods that enable global interrogation of the biophysical effects of posttranslational modifications on the proteome. Here, we describe an unbiased proteome-wide approach to explore the influence of protein modifications on the thermodynamic stability of thousands of proteins in parallel. We apply this profiling strategy to study the effects of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), an abundant modification found on hundreds of proteins in mammals that has been shown in select cases to stabilize proteins. Using this thermal proteomic profiling strategy, we identify a set of 72 proteins displaying O-GlcNAc-dependent thermostability and validate this approach using orthogonal methods targeting specific proteins. These collective observations reveal that the majority of proteins influenced by O-GlcNAc are, surprisingly, destabilized by O-GlcNAc and cluster into distinct macromolecular complexes. These results establish O-GlcNAc as a bidirectional regulator of protein stability and provide a blueprint for exploring the impact of any protein modification on the meltome of, in principle, any organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jesús E Serrano-Negrón
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christopher L Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew D Shoulders
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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19
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Ado G, Noda N, Vu HT, Perron A, Mahapatra AD, Arista KP, Yoshimura H, Packwood DM, Ishidate F, Sato SI, Ozawa T, Uesugi M. Discovery of a Phase-Separating Small Molecule That Selectively Sequesters Tubulin in Cells. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5760-5766. [PMID: 35694339 PMCID: PMC9116451 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07151c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase-separated membraneless organelles or biomolecular condensates play diverse functions in cells, however recapturing their characteristics using small organic molecules has been a challenge. In the present study, cell-lysate-based screening of 843 self-assembling small molecules led to the discovery of a simple organic molecule, named huezole, that forms liquid droplets to selectively sequester tubulin. Remarkably, this small molecule enters cultured human cells and prevents cell mitosis by forming tubulin-concentrating condensates in cells. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of producing a synthetic condensate out of non-peptidic small molecules for exogenous control of cellular processes. The modular structure of huezole provides a framework for designing a class of organelle-emulating small molecules. A non-peptidic small molecule, R-huezole, phase separates to selectively sequester tubulin proteins to control the cell cycle. Its modular structure provides a framework for designing bioactive molecules to mimic membraneless organelles in cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyir Ado
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Naotaka Noda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Hue T Vu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Amelie Perron
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | | | - Karla Pineda Arista
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Hideaki Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Daniel M Packwood
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Ishidate
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China
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Narayanan A, Dhinojwala A, Joy A. Design principles for creating synthetic underwater adhesives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13321-13345. [PMID: 34751690 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Water and adhesives have a conflicting relationship as demonstrated by the failure of most man-made adhesives in underwater environments. However, living creatures routinely adhere to substrates underwater. For example, sandcastle worms create protective reefs underwater by secreting a cocktail of protein glue that binds mineral particles together, and mussels attach themselves to rocks near tide-swept sea shores using byssal threads formed from their extracellular secretions. Over the past few decades, the physicochemical examination of biological underwater adhesives has begun to decipher the mysteries behind underwater adhesion. These naturally occurring adhesives have inspired the creation of several synthetic materials that can stick underwater - a task that was once thought to be "impossible". This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in the science of underwater adhesion over the past few decades. In this review, we introduce the basic thermodynamics processes and kinetic parameters involved in adhesion. Second, we describe the challenges brought by water when adhering underwater. Third, we explore the adhesive mechanisms showcased by mussels and sandcastle worms to overcome the challenges brought by water. We then present a detailed review of synthetic underwater adhesives that have been reported to date. Finally, we discuss some potential applications of underwater adhesives and the current challenges in the field by using a tandem analysis of the reported chemical structures and their adhesive strength. This review is aimed to inspire and facilitate the design of novel synthetic underwater adhesives, that will, in turn expand our understanding of the physical and chemical parameters that influence underwater adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Narayanan
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Abraham Joy
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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