1
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Tan X, Hu J, Li Y, Luo L, Wang X, Cao D, Luo G. Mechanisms and Origins of Regioselectivity in Rare-Earth-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Anisoles and Thioanisoles. Inorg Chem 2025; 64:5778-5788. [PMID: 40073416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
The direct catalytic C-H functionalization of aromatic compounds such as anisoles and thioanisoles is of great interest and significance. However, achieving precise regioselectivity remains a major challenge. In this study, we conducted comprehensive density functional theory calculations to explore the mechanisms of rare-earth-catalyzed regioselective C-H alkylation, borylation, and silylation of anisole and thioanisole. The results reveal that in cationic C-H alkylation systems, the alkene insertion step follows a substrate-assisted mechanism, in which an additional substrate molecule acts as a ligand to facilitate the transformation. In neutral C-H borylation and silylation systems, although mononuclear hydride species readily dimerize into binuclear hydride species due to thermodynamic stability, the catalytic process predominantly proceeds via a mononuclear pathway. Furthermore, the origins of regioselectivity were thoroughly elucidated. A detailed analysis of electronic and steric effects in related transition states reveals that, for anisole, regioselectivity is primarily governed by ring strain. Since α-C(sp3)-H activation involves the formation of a highly strained three-membered ring, the reaction preferentially occurs at the ortho-C(sp2)-H site, forming a less strained four-membered ring. In contrast, for thioanisole, electronic effects play a decisive role, driving C-H activation at the more negatively charged α-C(sp3) site due to stronger metal-carbon interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jiameng Hu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lun Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Deyue Cao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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2
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Trinh TA, Cherempei S, Rampon DS, Schomaker JM. Site- and stereoselective silver-catalyzed intramolecular amination of electron-deficient heterobenzylic C-H bonds. Chem Sci 2025; 16:4796-4805. [PMID: 39950056 PMCID: PMC11815850 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc08757g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
We report a method for the site- and stereoselective intramolecular amination of electron-deficient heterobenzylic C-H bonds via silver-catalyzed nitrene transfer (NT). A silver complex supported by a tripodal piperidine-based ligand afforded excellent reactivity under mild conditions (up to 96% yield), site-selectivity (up to >20 : 1), and diastereoselectivity (up to >20 : 1 dr) for the amination of heterobenzylic C-H bonds that reacted poorly with other metal-based catalysts for NT. Our catalyst proved highly amenable to substrates bearing diverse competing sites for functionalization, including complex molecules derived from pharmaceuticals and natural products. Ligand screening revealed the importance of scaffold rigidity, leading to the discovery of an analogous quinuclidine-based ligand that further improved the site-selectivity against tertiary C-H bonds in a handful of challenging substrates. The cyclic sulfamate products were readily converted into highly functionalized motifs containing nitrogen-based heterocycles and diverse functional groups. Mechanistic studies suggested a radical-based pathway displaying relatively low sensitivity towards the electronic profiles of the heterobenzylic C-H bond, which contributes to the excellent substrate tolerance of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Stanislav Cherempei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Daniel S Rampon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
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3
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Schroeder EZ, Lin C, Hu Y, Dai ZY, Griffin AF, Hotvedt TS, Guzei IA, Schomaker JM. Chemoselective Silver-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer: Tunable Syntheses of Azepines and Cyclic Carbamimidates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22085-22092. [PMID: 39051463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Azepines and their saturated azepane counterparts are important moieties in bioactive molecules but are under-represented in current drug screening libraries. Herein, we report a mild and efficient azepine formation via silver-catalyzed dearomative nitrene transfer. A 2,2,2-trichloroethoxysulfonyl (Tces)-protected carbamimidate nitrene precursor, coupled with the appropriate ligand for silver, is essential for achieving the unexpected chemoselectivity between arene dearomatization and benzylic C(sp3)-H amination. Potential applications in the late-stage diversification of azepines to complex molecular scaffolds and diastereoselective hydrogenations to sp3-rich derivatives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Z Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chenxi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zhen-Yao Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Amory F Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas S Hotvedt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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4
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Li L, Wang D, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang H, Luan X. Diversification of Naphthol Skeletons Triggered by Aminative Dearomatization. Org Lett 2024; 26:4910-4915. [PMID: 38818971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed aminative dearomatization of naphthols has been developed and integrated into a stepwise approach for subsequent skeletal diversifications including ring expansion, ring opening, ring contraction, and atom transmutation of aryl scaffolds. This approach enables the synthesis of a diverse array of azepinones, unsaturated amides, isoquinolines, and indenones from naphthol substrates. Its application in the synthesis of bioactive and functional molecules as well as the conversion of complex molecular skeletons underscores its broad potential applicability. Mechanistic investigations suggest the intermediacy of the dearomatized intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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5
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Feng A, Yang Y, Liu C, Zhang D. DFT Calculations Rationalize Unconventional Regioselectivity in Pd II-Catalyzed Defluorinative Alkylation of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes with Hydrazones. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38766868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been conducted to gain insight into the unique formation of the branched alkylation product in the PdII-catalyzed defluorinative alkylation of gem-difluorocyclopropanes with hydrazones. The reaction is established to occur in sequence through oxidative addition, β-F elimination, η1-η3 isomerization, transmetalation, η3-η1 isomerization, 3,3'-reductive elimination, deprotonation/N2 extrusion, and proton abstraction. The rate-determining step of the reaction is identified as the β-F elimination, featuring an energy barrier of 28.6 kcal/mol. The 3,3'-reductive elimination transition states are the regioselectivity-determining transition states. The favorable noncovalent π-π interaction between the naphthyl group of gem-difluorocyclopropane and the phenyl group of hydrazone is found to be mainly responsible for the observed regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Feng
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yiying Yang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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6
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Ward RM, Hu Y, Tu NP, Schomaker JM. Solvent Effects on the Chemo- and Site-Selectivity of Transition Metal-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reactions: Alternatives to Chlorinated Solvents. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202300964. [PMID: 37696772 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed, non-enzymatic nitrene transfer (NT) reactions to selectively transform C-H and C=C bonds to new C-N bonds are a powerful strategy to streamline the preparation of valuable amine building blocks. However, many catalysts for these reactions use environmentally unfriendly solvents that include dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane and benzene. We developed a high-throughput experimentation (HTE) protocol for heterogeneous NT reaction mixtures to enable rapid screening of a broad range of solvents for this chemistry. Coupled with the American Chemical Society Pharmaceutical Roundtable (ACSPR) solvent tool, we identified several attractive replacements for chlorinated solvents. Selected catalysts for NT were compared and contrasted using our HTE protocol, including silver supported by N-dentate ligands, dinuclear Rh complexes and Fe/Mn phthalocyanine catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Noah P Tu
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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7
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Roostaei T, Rahimpour MR, Zhao H, Eisapour M, Chen Z, Hu J. Recent advances and progress in biotemplate catalysts for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102958. [PMID: 37453344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Complex structures and morphologies in nature endow materials with unexpected properties and extraordinary functions. Biotemplating is an emerging strategy for replicating nature structures to obtain materials with unique morphologies and improved properties. Recently, efforts have been made to use bio-inspired species as a template for producing morphology-controllable catalysts. Fundamental information, along with recent advances in biotemplate metal-based catalysts are presented in this review through discussions of various structures and biotemplates employed for catalyst preparation. This review also outlines the recent progress on preparation routes of biotemplate catalysts and discusses how the properties and structures of these templates play a crucial role in the final performance of metal-based catalysts. Additionally, the application of bio-based metal and metal oxide catalysts is highlighted for various key energy and environmental technologies, including photocatalysis, fuel cells, and lithium batteries. Biotemplate metal-based catalysts display high efficiency in several energy and environmental systems. Note that this review provides guidance for further research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Roostaei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada
| | | | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Eisapour
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Zhangxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada; Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, Zhengjiang 315200, China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada.
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8
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Kim S, Song SL, Zhang J, Kim D, Hong S, Chang S. Regio- and Enantioselective Catalytic δ-C-H Amidation of Dioxazolones Enabled by Open-Shell Copper-Nitrenoid Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16238-16248. [PMID: 37462685 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling regio- and enantioselectivity in C-H functionalization reactions is of paramount importance due to their versatile synthetic utilities. Herein, we describe a new approach for the asymmetric δ-C(sp3)-H amidation catalysis of dioxazolones using a Cu(I) precursor with a chiral bisoxazoline ligand to access six-membered lactams with high to excellent regio- and enantioselectivity (up to >19:1 rr and >99:1 er). Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies unveiled that the open-shell character of the postulated Cu-nitrenoids enables the regioselective hydrogen atom abstraction and subsequent enantio-determining radical rebound of the resulting carbon radical intermediates. The synthetic utility of this asymmetric cyclization was demonstrated in the diastereoselective introduction of additional functional groups into the chiral δ-lactam skeleton as well as in the rapid access to biorelevant azacyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Se Lin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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9
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Zhang Q, Huang X, Gui Y, He Y, Liao S, Huang G, Liang T, Zhang Z. Unlocking Regiodivergence in Pd II- and Rh III-Mediated Site-Selective C-H Bond Alkynylation of Imidazopyridines. Org Lett 2023; 25:1447-1452. [PMID: 36826371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient PdII- and RhIII-controlled site-selective C-H bond alkynylation of imidazopyridines using (bromoethynyl)triisopropylsilane is disclosed. The divergent methodology allows straightforward access to a wide range of products alkynylated at the C3 and ortho positions. This strategy is suggestive of a practical platform that can be suitable for late-stage diversification and may assist in the design of more selective and complementary catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xuecong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yuting Gui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Youyuan He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Siyang Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Guan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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10
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Wang J, Xiao R, Lin Z, Zheng Z, Zheng K. Mechanistic and chemoselective investigations on nitrene transfer reactions mediated by a novel iron-mesoionic carbene catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Choi I, Trenerry MJ, Lee KS, King N, Berry JF, Schomaker JM. Divergent C-H Amidations and Imidations by Tuning Electrochemical Reaction Potentials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201662. [PMID: 36166327 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-H functionalizations are attractive transformations, as they are capable of avoiding the use of transition metals, pre-oxidized precursors, or suprastoichiometric amounts of terminal oxidants. Herein an electrochemically tunable method was developed that enabled the divergent formation of cyclic amines or imines by applying different reaction potentials. Detailed cyclic voltammetry analyses, coupled with chronopotentiometry experiments, were carried out to provide insight into the mechanism, while atom economy was assessed through a paired electrolysis. Selective C-H amidations and imidations were achieved to afford five- to seven-membered sulfonamide motifs that could be employed for late-stage modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
- Present address, Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J Trenerry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Ken S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
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12
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Wang J, Lin Z, Zheng Z, Xiao R, Zheng K. Theoretical Study on Ir-Catalyzed α-Amidation of 2-Acylimidazoles: Mechanism and Insertion Selectivity. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Rongxing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kangcheng Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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13
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Jiao L, Teng D, Wang Z, Cao G. Silver Catalyzed Site-Selective C(sp 3)-H Bond Amination of Secondary over Primary C(sp 3)-H Bonds. Molecules 2022; 27:6174. [PMID: 36234711 PMCID: PMC9571442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfamates are widespread in numerous pharmacologically active molecules. In this paper, Silver/Bathophenanthroline catalyzed the intramolecular selective amination of primary C(sp3)-H bonds and secondary C(sp3)-H bonds of sulfamate esters, to produce cyclic sulfamates in good yields and with a high site-selectivity. DFT calculations revealed that the interaction between sulfamates and L10 makes the molecule more firmly attached to the catalyst, benefiting the catalysis reaction. The in vitro anticancer activity of the final products was evaluated in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guorui Cao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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14
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Mai BK, Neris NM, Yang Y, Liu P. C-N Bond Forming Radical Rebound Is the Enantioselectivity-Determining Step in P411-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp 3)-H Amination: A Combined Computational and Experimental Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11215-11225. [PMID: 35583461 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineered metalloenzymes represent promising catalysts for stereoselective C-H functionalization reactions. Recently, P450 enzymes have been evolved to allow for new-to-nature intramolecular C(sp3)-H amination reactions via a nitrene transfer mechanism, giving rise to diamine derivatives with excellent enantiocontrol. To shed light on the origin of enantioselectivity, a combined computational and experimental study was carried out. Hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations were performed to investigate the activation energies and enantioselectivities of both the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and the subsequent C-N bond forming radical rebound steps. Contrary to previously hypothesized enantioinduction mechanisms, our calculations show that the radical rebound step is enantioselectivity-determining, whereas the preceding HAT step is only moderately stereoselective. Furthermore, the selectivity in the initial HAT is ablated by rapid conformational change of the radical intermediate prior to C-N bond formation. This finding is corroborated by our experimental study using a set of enantiomerically pure, monodeuterated substrates. Furthermore, classical and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate the conformational flexibility of the carbon-centered radical intermediate. This key radical species undergoes a facile conformational change in the enzyme active site from the pro-(R) to the pro-(S) configuration, whereas the radical rebound is slower due to the spin-state change and ring strain of the cyclization process, thereby allowing stereoablative C-N bond formation. Together, these studies revealed an underappreciated enantioinduction mechanism in biocatalytic C(sp3)-H functionalizations involving radical intermediates, opening up new avenues for the development of other challenging asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Natalia M Neris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BMSE) Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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15
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Liu W, Choi I, Zerull EE, Schomaker JM. Tunable Silver-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer: From Chemoselectivity to Enantioselective C–H Amination. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Isaac Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Emily E. Zerull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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