1
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Yu Q, Zhou D, Ma J, Song C. Decarboxylative Nucleophilic Fluorination of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:4257-4261. [PMID: 38738813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a decarboxylative nucleophilic fluorination of carboxylic acids with a silver catalyst. This strategy enables the synthesis of a myriad of diverse and valuable fluorinated motifs under mild conditions, demonstrating good functional-group tolerance and utility in late-stage functionalization. In contrast to traditional electrophilic fluorination, this nucleophilic method utilizes a more readily available nucleophilic fluorinating reagent, providing substantial advantages in terms of cost efficiency, broad substrate scope, and functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Donglin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Junjun Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chunlan Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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2
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Chen F, Zhang Q, Li Y, Yu ZX, Chu L. Selective Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenyl Fluorides Enabled by Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atoms and Group Transfer: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Study. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38621358 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to the unique effect of fluorine atoms, the efficient construction of high-value alkyl fluorides has attracted significant interest in modern drug development. However, enantioselective catalytic strategies for the efficient assembly of highly functionalized chiral C(sp3)-F scaffolds from simple starting materials have been underutilized. Herein, we demonstrate a nickel-catalyzed radical transfer strategy for the efficient, modular, asymmetric hydrogenation and hydroalkylation of alkenyl fluorides with primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides under mild conditions. The transformation provides facile access to various structurally complex secondary and tertiary α-fluoro amide products from readily available starting materials with excellent substrate compatibility and distinct selectivity. Furthermore, the utility of this method is demonstrated by late-stage modifications and product derivatizations. Detailed mechanistic studies and DFT calculations have been conducted, showing that the rate-determining step for asymmetric hydrogenation reaction is NiH-HAT toward alkenyl fluorides and the stereo-determining step is alcohol coordination to Ni-enolates followed by a barrierless protonation. The mechanism for the asymmetric hydroalkylation reaction is also delivered in this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qianwei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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3
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Hayashi M, Burtoloso ACB. Synthesis of gem-Difluorinated Keto-Sulfoxides from Sulfoxonium Ylides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400108. [PMID: 38318729 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic molecules containing fluorine and sulfur atoms represent a large percentage of approved pharmaceuticals. Those with combination of both S and F atoms in their structure such as Xtandi, approved in 2012 for prostate cancer, indicates the importance of synthetic methods that accommodates both atoms in an organic moiety. In this study, a novel aspect of sulfoxonium ylide reactivity was explored, unveiling a streamlined and mild synthesis method for gem-difluorinated keto-sulfoxides. Our protocol offers a direct and practical approach to prepare these compounds in 14-80 % chemical yields, that were represented by 21 examples. NMR studies and Hammett correlations gave strong evidence about the mechanism of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Hayashi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo CEP, SP-13563-120, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Antonio C B Burtoloso
- Department of Physical Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo CEP, SP-13563-120, São Carlos, Brazil
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4
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Cui M, Xu Y, Tian R, Duan Z. BF 3-Promoted Ring Expansion of Iminylphosphiranes and Acylphosphiranes for Divergent Access to 1,2-Azaphospholidines and 1,2-Dihydrophosphetes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1819-1823. [PMID: 38415589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Ring expansion of strained small rings provides an efficient method for the synthesis of various high-value carbocycles and heterocycles. Here we report BF3·Et2O as both an activating reagent and fluorine source, enabling ring expansion of phosphirane and P-F bond formation. Treatment of 1-iminylphosphirane complexes with BF3·Et2O resulted in 1,2-azaphospholidines, while the reaction of 1-acylphosphirane complexes with BF3·Et2O afforded 1,2-dihydrophosphetes. The reaction path was tuned by the nucleophilicity of the N and O atoms toward the intermediate phosphenium cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Cui
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rongqiang Tian
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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5
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Murata Y, Hada K, Aggarwal T, Escorihuela J, Shibata N. Transition-Metal-Free Approach for Z-Vinyl Fluorides by Hydrofluorination of Alkynes bearing SF 4 and SF 5 Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318086. [PMID: 38206172 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of vinyl fluorides plays a crucial role in various scientific disciplines, including pharmaceutical and materials sciences. Herein, we present a direct and stereoselective hydrofluorination method for the synthesis of Z isomers of vinyl fluorides from alkynes containing unexplored SF5 and SF4 groups. Our strategy employed tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) as a fluorine source. It demonstrates high compatibility with aryls, biaryls, heteroaryls, and tert-alkyl groups, allowing facile incorporation of SF5 and SF4 groups across the triple bond without any transition-metal catalysts. This approach avoids the potential decomposition of the SF5 or SF4 units via coordination with transition metals or acidic protic sources. Remarkably, this transformation proceeded at room temperature without any additional additives, providing the Z isomer of vinyl fluorides in excellent yield and high selectivity. The presence of a water molecule as a hydrate in TBAF is essential for efficient conversion. This methodology opens new avenues for the synthesis of enchanting SF5 - and SF4 -containing fluorinated vinylic scaffolds, thereby providing advanced opportunities for novel drug discovery and fluorinated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Murata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Hada
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Trapti Aggarwal
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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6
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Ling J, Zhou L. Picking Two out of Three: Defluorinative Annulation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes for the Synthesis of Monofluorinated Carbo- and Heterocycles. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300332. [PMID: 38251926 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand of organofluorine compounds in medicine, agriculture, and materials sciences makes sophisticated methods for their synthesis ever more necessary. Nowadays, not only the C-F bond formation but also the selective C-F bond cleavage of readily available poly- or perfluorine-containing compounds have become powerful tools for the effective synthesis of organofluorine compounds. The defluorinative cross-coupling of trifluoromethyl alkenes with various nucleophiles or radical precursors in an SN 2' manner is a convergent route to access gem-difluoroalkenes, which in turn react with nucleophiles or radical precursors via an SN V-type reaction. If the SN V reactions occur intramolecularly, the dual C-F bond cleavage of trifluoromethyl alkenes allows facile assembly of monofluorinated cyclic skeletons with structural complexity and diversity. In this personal account, we summarized the advances in this field on the basis of coupling and cyclization partners, including binucleophiles, alkynes, diradical precursors and radical precursors bearing a nucleophilic site. Accordingly, the annulation reactions can be achieved by base-mediated sequential SN 2'/SN V reactions, transition metal catalyzed or mediated reactions, photoredox catalysis, and the combination of photocatalytic reactions with SN V reaction. In the context of seminal works of others in this field, a concise summary of the contributions of the authors is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Ling
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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7
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Dong J, Liang Y, Li Y, Guan W, Zhang Q, Fu J. A Catalytic Three-Component Aminofluorination of Unactivated Alkenes with Electron-Rich Amino Sources. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305006. [PMID: 38226424 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We present herein a copper-catalyzed three-component aminofluorination of unactivated alkenes with N-bromodialkylamines and readily available nucleophilic fluoride under the assistance of a bidentate auxiliary. This protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance toward a wide range of unactivated alkenes and N-bromodialkylamines to furnish the corresponding β-fluoroalkylamines in a highly regio- and diastereoselective manner. The appropriate choice of nucleophilic fluoro source is essential to make this reaction a reality. Further DFT calculations show that the exothermic ion exchange between external fluoride ion and Cu(II) intermediate provides additional driving force to the irreversible migratory insertion, which offsets the unfavorable reaction energetics associated with the subsequent C(sp3)-F reductive elimination. This finding offers a new avenue to catalytic intermolecular aminofluorination of unactivated alkenes with electron-rich amino sources via a remarkable reductive elimination of Cu(III) species to forge the C(sp3)-F bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Dong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Junkai Fu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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8
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Wang P, Shi R, Zhao J, Zhang T. Photodriven Methane Conversion on Transition Metal Oxide Catalyst: Recent Progress and Prospects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305471. [PMID: 37882341 PMCID: PMC10885660 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Methane as the main component in natural gas is a promising chemical raw material for synthesizing value-added chemicals, but its harsh chemical conversion process often causes severe energy and environment concerns. Photocatalysis provides an attractive path to active and convert methane into various products under mild conditions with clean and sustainable solar energy, although many challenges remain at present. In this review, recent advances in photocatalytic methane conversion are systematically summarized. As the basis of methane conversion, the activation of methane is first elucidated from the structural basis and activation path of methane molecules. The study is committed to categorizing and elucidating the research progress and the laws of the intricate methane conversion reactions according to the target products, including photocatalytic methane partial oxidation, reforming, coupling, combustion, and functionalization. Advanced photocatalytic reactor designs are also designed to enrich the options and reliability of photocatalytic methane conversion performance evaluation. The challenges and prospects of photocatalytic methane conversion are also discussed, which in turn offers guidelines for methane-conversion-related photocatalyst exploration, reaction mechanism investigation, and advanced photoreactor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Run Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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9
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Wright JS, Ma R, Webb EW, Winton WP, Stauff J, Cheng K, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Zinc-Mediated Radiosynthesis of Unprotected Fluorine-18 Labelled α-Tertiary Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316365. [PMID: 38010255 PMCID: PMC10872995 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the development of a Zn(OTf)2 -mediated method for converting α-tertiary haloamides to the corresponding fluorine-18 labelled α-tertiary fluoroamides with no-carrier-added [18 F]tetramethylammonium fluoride. 1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene is an essential additive for achieving high radiochemical conversion. Under the optimised conditions, radiofluorination proceeds at sterically hindered tertiary sites in high radiochemical conversions, yields, and purities. This method has been successfully automated and applied to access >200 mCi (>7.4 GBq) of several model radiofluorides. Mechanistic studies led to the development of a new, nucleophilic C-H radiofluorination process using N-sulphonyloxyamide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Richard Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - E William Webb
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Wade P Winton
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Jenelle Stauff
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
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10
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Zou M, Waldie KM. Redox-active ligand promoted electrophile addition at cobalt. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37997162 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of an electron-rich cobalt complex bearing an o-phenylenediamide ligand with electrophilic CF3+ and F+ sources is reported. These reactions lead to generation of a Co(III)-CF3 or Co(III)-F complex, promoted by redox-active ligand-to-substrate two-electron transfer. The rate of trifluoromethyl addition at cobalt correlates with the potential difference between the cobalt complex and the CF3+ source. We present initial demonstrations of radical trifluoromethylation and nucleophilic fluorination of organic substrates, setting the stage for the development of electrocatalytic pathways for these bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhu Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Kate M Waldie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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11
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Wang ZY, Freas DJ, Fu GC. Phosphine Catalysis of the Fluorination of Unactivated Tertiary Alkyl Chlorides under Mild and Convenient Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25093-25097. [PMID: 37939003 PMCID: PMC10942731 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the significance of organofluorine compounds in disciplines ranging from medicine to agriculture to materials science, the invention of new methods for the creation of carbon-fluorine bonds is an important objective. Among the underdeveloped dimensions in this area are the fluorination of hindered alkyl halides (particularly chlorides) and the discovery of catalysts for such fluorination processes. Herein, we report a mild method for the fluorination of unactivated tertiary alkyl chlorides (and bromides), catalyzed by inexpensive PPh3. This straightforward process is compatible with a range of hindered electrophiles and a variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Yan Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dylan J Freas
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gregory C Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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12
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Lee TC, Tong Y, Fu WC. Advances in Continuous Flow Fluorination Reactions. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300723. [PMID: 37707985 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination reactions are important in constructing organofluorine motifs, which contribute to favorable biological properties in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, fluorination reagents and reactions are associated with various problems, such as their hazardous nature, high exothermicity, and poor selectivity and scalability. Continuous flow has emerged as a transformative technology to provide many advantages relative to batch syntheses. This review article summarizes recent continuous flow techniques that address the limitations and challenges of fluorination reactions. Approaches based on different flow techniques are discussed, including gas-liquid reactions, packed-bed reactors, in-line purifications, streamlined multistep synthesis, large-scale reactions well as flow photoredox- and electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Chun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Chung Fu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Bertrand X, Pucheault M, Chabaud L, Paquin JF. Synthesis of Tertiary Fluorides through an Acid-Mediated Deoxyfluorination of Tertiary Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14527-14539. [PMID: 37769207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The combination of methanesulfonic acid and potassium bifluoride is reported for the deoxyfluorination of tertiary alcohols. Under metal-free conditions that use readily available, cheap, and easy-to-handle reagents, a range of tertiary alcohols could be converted into the corresponding fluorides in excellent yields (average yields of 85% for 23 examples). Mechanistic investigation showed that the reaction proceeds at 0 °C, in part, through an elimination/hydrofluorination pathway, but no residual alkenes are observed. The application of these conditions for the fluorination of ether and ester is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bertrand
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Mathieu Pucheault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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14
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Li R, Zhang J, Sun M, Xu J, Huang GB, Yan J, Yang J, Wang Z, Ma C. Synthesis of Fluoro 3(2H)-Furanones via a TFA-Catalyzed Dehydrofluorinative Cyclization of 2,2-Difluoro-3-hydroxy-1,4-diketones. Org Lett 2023; 25:7057-7061. [PMID: 37702796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
A TFA-catalyzed dehydrofluorinative cyclization of 2,2-difluoro-3-hydroxy-1,4-diketones has been developed in the presence of amines under mild conditions in which the difluorinated substrates are readily prepared according to our reported literature. This protocol provides a rapid construction of fluoro 3(2H)-furanones in good to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance. Easy scale-up synthesis also shows a practical advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Manman Sun
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jinjing Xu
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Bo Huang
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Yan
- Zhejiang Lepu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
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15
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Rivas M, Debnath S, Giri S, Noffel YM, Sun X, Gevorgyan V. One-Pot Formal Carboradiofluorination of Alkenes: A Toolkit for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Probe Development. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19265-19273. [PMID: 37625118 PMCID: PMC10760797 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first one-pot formal alkene carboradiofluorination reaction employing easily accessible alkenes as both prosthetic group precursors and coupling partners. The methodology features rapid sequential Markovnikov-selective iodofluorination and photoinduced Pd(0/I/II)-catalyzed alkyl Heck reaction as a mild and robust fluorine-18 (18F) radiochemical approach for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe development. A new class of prosthetic groups for PET imaging probe synthesis was isolated as iodofluorinated intermediates in moderate to excellent yields. The one-pot formal alkenylfluorination reaction was carried out to produce over 30 analogues of a wide range of bioactive molecules. Further application of the Pd(0/I/II) manifold in PET probe development was illustrated by the direct carbo(radio)fluorination of electron-rich alkenes. The methods were successfully translated to radiolabel a broad scope of medicinally relevant small molecules in generally good radiochemical conversion. The protocol was further optimized to accommodate no-carrier-added conditions with similar efficiency for future (pre)clinical translation. Moreover, the radiosynthesis of prosthetic groups was automated in a radiochemistry module to facilitate its practical use in multistep radiochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rivas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sashi Debnath
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sachin Giri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Yusuf M Noffel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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