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Tian J, Guan C, Liu C, Fan J, Zhu Y, Sun T, Liu E. Double S-scheme Cu 2-xSe/twinned-Cd 0.5Zn 0.5S homo-heterojunctions with surface plasmon effects for efficient photocatalytic H 2 evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 666:481-495. [PMID: 38613971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The enhancement of charge separation and utilization efficiency in both the bulk phase and interface of semiconductor photocatalysts, as well as the expansion of light absorption range, are crucial research topics in the field of photocatalysis. To address this issue, twinned Cd0.5Zn0.5S (T-CZS) homojunctions consisting of wurtzite Cd0.5Zn0.5S (WZ-CZS) and zinc blende Cd0.5Zn0.5S (ZB-CZS) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method to facilitate the bulk-phase charge separation. Meanwhile, Cu2-xSe with localized surface plasmon resonance effect (LSPR) generated by Cu vacancies was also obtained through a hydrothermal process. Due to their opposite electronegativity, a solvent evaporation strategy was employed to combine Cu2-xSe and T-CZS by intermolecular electrostatic. After optimization, the photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution rate of 5 wt% Cu2-xSe/T-CZS reached an impressive value of 60 mmol∙h-1∙g-1, which was 4.6 and 66.6 times higher than that of pure Cu2-xSe and T-CZS, respectively. Furthermore, this composites demonstrated a remarkable rate of 0.46 mmol∙h-1∙g-1 under near-infrared (NIR) wavelength (>800 nm). The enhanced performance observed in Cu2-xSe/T-CZS can be attributed to its unique and efficient double S-scheme charge transfer mechanism which effectively suppresses rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs both within the bulk phase and at the surface interfaces; this conclusion is supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations as well as electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. Moreover, incorporation of Cu2-xSe enables effective utilization ultraviolet visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) light by the composites while facilitating injection "hot electrons" into T-CZS for promoting photocatalytic reactions. This study provides a potential strategy for achieving efficient solar energy conversion through synergistic integration of non-stoichiometric plasmonic materials with photocatalysts with twinned-twinned structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhuo Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Chaohong Guan
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
| | - Enzhou Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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Tian L, Cao M, Cheng H, Wang Y, He C, Shi X, Li T, Li Z. Plasmon-Stimulated Colorimetry Biosensor Array for the Identification of Multiple Metabolites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6849-6858. [PMID: 38293917 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Rationally designing highly catalytic and stable nanozymes for metabolite monitoring is of great importance because of their huge potential in early disease diagnosis. Herein, a novel nanozyme based on hierarchically structured CuS/ZnS with a highly efficient peroxidase (POD)-mimic capability was developed and synthesized for multiple metabolite determination and recognition via the plasmon-stimulated biosensor array strategy. The designed nanozyme can simultaneously harvest plasmon triggered hot electron-hole pairs and generate photothermal properties, leading to a sharply boosted POD-mimic capability under 808 nm laser irradiation. Interestingly, because of the interaction diversity of the metabolite with POD-like nanomaterials, the unique inhibitory effect of metabolites on the POD-mimic activity could be the signal response as the differentiation. Thus, utilizing TMB as a typical chromogenic substrate in the addition of H2O2, the designed colorimetric biosensor array can produce diverse fingerprints for the three vital metabolisms (cysteine (Cys), ascorbic acid (AA), and glutathione (GSH)), which can be precisely identified by principal component analysis (PCA). Notably, a distinct fingerprint of a single metabolite with different levels and metabolite mixtures is also achieved with a detection limit of 1 μM. Most importantly, cell lysis could be effectively discriminated by the biosensor assay, implying its great potential in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
- School of Food (Biology) Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Ming Cao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Haorong Cheng
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Changchun He
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Xinxin Shi
- School of Food (Biology) Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Tongxiang Li
- School of Food (Biology) Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Zhao Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
- School of Food (Biology) Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
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Das S, Acharya L, Biswal L, Parida K. Augmented photocatalysis induced by 1T-MoS 2 bridged 2D/2D MgIn 2S 4@1T/2H-MoS 2 Z-scheme heterojunction: mechanistic insights into H 2O 2 and H 2 evolution. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:934-946. [PMID: 38298579 PMCID: PMC10825931 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00912b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of composite photocatalysts, the fusion of the co-catalyst effect with interfacial engineering is recognized as a potent strategy for facilitating the segregation and migration of photo-induced charge carriers. Herein, an innovative mediator-based Z-scheme hybrid, i.e. MIS@1T/2H-MoS2, has been well designed by pairing MIS with 1T/2H-MoS2via a facile hydrothermal strategy as a competent photocatalyst for H2O2 and H2 generation. The co-catalyst, i.e. metallic 1T-phase bridging between semiconducting 2H-MoS2 and MIS, serves as a solid state electron mediator in the heterostructure. Morphological findings revealed the growth of 1T/2H-MoS2 nanoflowers over MIS microflowers, verifying the close interaction between MIS and 1T/2H-MoS2. By virtue of accelerated e-/h+ pair separation and migration efficiency along with a proliferated density of active sites, the MMoS2-30 photocatalyst yields an optimum H2O2 of 35 μmol h-1 and H2 of 370 μmol h-1 (ACE of 5.9%), which is 3 and 2.7 fold higher than pristine MIS. This obvious enhancement can be attributed to photoluminescence and electrochemical aspects that substantiate the diminished charge transfer resistance along with improved charge carrier separation, representing a good example of a noble metal-free photocatalyst. The proposed Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism is aided by time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), XPS, radical trapping experiments, and EPR analysis. Overall, this endeavour provides advanced insights into the architecture of noble metal-free Z-scheme heterostructures, offering promising prospects in photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Das
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University Bhubaneswar-751030 India +91-674-2350642 +91-674-2351777
| | - Lopamudra Acharya
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University Bhubaneswar-751030 India +91-674-2350642 +91-674-2351777
| | - Lijarani Biswal
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University Bhubaneswar-751030 India +91-674-2350642 +91-674-2351777
| | - Kulamani Parida
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University Bhubaneswar-751030 India +91-674-2350642 +91-674-2351777
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Das Chakraborty S, Kumar U, Bhattacharya P, Mishra T. Tailoring of Visible to Near-Infrared Active 2D MXene with Defect-Enriched Titania-Based Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Green H 2 Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2204-2215. [PMID: 38170670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A wide solar light absorption window and its utilization, long-term stability, and improved interfacial charge transfer are the keys to scalable and superior solar photocatalytic performance. Based on this objective, a noble metal-free composite photocatalyst is developed with conducting MXene (Ti3C2) and semiconducting cauliflower-shaped CdS and porous Cu2O. XPS, HRTEM, and ESR analyses of TiOy@Ti3C2 confirm the formation of enough defect-enriched TiOy (where y is < 2) on the surface of Ti3C2 during hydrothermal treatment, thus creating a third semiconducting site with enough oxygen vacancy. The final material, TiOy@Ti3C2/CdS/Cu2O, shows a broad absorption window from 300 to 2000 nm, covering the visible to near-infrared (NIR) range of the solar spectrum. Photocatalytic H2 generation activity is found to be 12.23 and 16.26 mmol g-1 h-1 in the binary (TiOy@Ti3C2/CdS) and tertiary composite (TiOy@Ti3C2/CdS/Cu2O), respectively, with good repeatability under visible-NIR light using lactic acid as the hole scavenger. A clear increase of efficiency by 1.53 mmol g-1 h-1 in the tertiary composite due to NIR light absorption supports the intrinsic upconversion of electrons, which will open a new prospective of solar light utilization. Decreased charge-transfer resistance from the EIS plot and a decrease in PL intensity established the improved interfacial charge separation in the tertiary composite. Compared to pure CdS, H2 generation efficiency is 29.6 times higher on the noble metal-free tertiary composite with an apparent quantum efficiency of 12.34%. Synergistic effect of defect-enriched TiOy formation, creation of proper dual p-n junction on a Ti3C2 sheet as supported by the Mott-Schottky plot, significant NIR light absorption, increased electron mobility, and charge transfer on the conductive Ti3C2 layer facilitate the drastically increased hydrogen evolution rate even after several cycles of repetition. Expectantly, the 2D MXene-based heterostructure with defect-enriched dual p-n junctions of desired interface engineering will facilitate scalable photocatalytic water splitting over a broad range of the solar spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Das Chakraborty
- Functional Material Group, AMP Division, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Uttam Kumar
- Functional Material Group, AMP Division, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Functional Material Group, AMP Division, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Trilochan Mishra
- Functional Material Group, AMP Division, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Lu G, Zhan C, Cong R, Yang T. Combined Analyses on Electronic Structure and Molecular Orbitals of d 10 Bimetal Oxide In 2Ge 2O 7 and Photocatalytic Performances for Overall Water Splitting and CO 2 Reduction. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 38019265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting photocatalytic overall water splitting and CO2 reduction are possible solutions to the emerging worldwide challenges of oil shortage and continual temperature increase, and the key is to develop an efficient photocatalyst. Most photocatalysts contain the d0, d10 or d10ns2 metals, and a guiding principle is desired to help to distinguish outstanding semiconductors. Here, the d10 bimetal oxide In2Ge2O7 was selected as the target. First, density functional theory (DFT) calculations point out that the nonbonding O 2p orbitals dominate the valence band maximum (VBM), and In 5s-O 2s and Ge 4s-O 2s antibonding orbitals are the major components of conduction band minimum (CBM). Moreover, the molecular orbitals were analyzed to consolidate the DFT calculations and make it more understandable for chemists. Due to the very small specific surface area (0.51 m2/g) and wide band gap (4.14 eV), as-prepared In2Ge2O7 did not exhibit any overall water splitting activity; nevertheless, when loading with 1 wt% cocatalyst (i.e., Pt, Pd), the surficial charge recombination can be greatly eliminated and the overall water splitting activity is significantly improved to 33.0(4) and 17.2(7) μmol/h for H2 and O2 generation, respectively. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) at 254 nm is 8.28%. This observation is proof that the inherent electronic structure of In2Ge2O7 is beneficial for the charge migration in bulk. Moreover, this catalyst also exhibits an observable CO2 reduction activity in pure water, which is a competition reaction with water splitting, anyway, the CH4 selectivity can be enhanced by loading Pd. This is a successful attempt to unravel the structure-property relationship by combining the analyses on electronic structure and molecular orbitals and is enlightening to further discover good candidates to photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Chengbo Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Rihong Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
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Wang J, Gong Z, Zhang Y, Song Y, Chen X, Lu Z, Jiang L, Zhu C, Gao K, Wang K, Wang J, Yu L, Khayour S, Xie H, Li Z, Lu G. Selectively Adsorbed p-Aminothiophenol Molecules Improve the Electrocatalytic and Photo-Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on Au/TiO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54550-54558. [PMID: 37968852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is receiving increasing attention as an effective process to produce clean energy. The commonly used precious metal catalysts can be hybridized with semiconductors to form heterostructures for the improvement of catalytic efficiency and reduction of cost. It will be promising to further improve the efficiency of heterostructure-based nanocatalysts in electrocatalytic and photocatalytic HER using a simple and effective method. Herein, we improve the efficiency of Au/TiO2 in electrocatalytic and photo-electrocatalytic HER by selectively adsorbing p-aminothiophenol (PATP) molecules. The PATP molecules are adsorbed on the gold surface by using a simple solution-based method and favor the charge separation at the Au-TiO2 interface. We also compare the PATP molecules with other thiophenol molecules in the enhancement of electrocatalytic HER. The PATP-induced enhancement in electrocatalysis is then further investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and this enhancement is attributed to a reduction in Gibbs energy of adsorbed hydrogen after surface adsorption of PATP molecules. This work provides a simple, cost-effective, and highly efficient approach to improve the electrocatalytic and photo-electrocatalytic efficiency of Au/TiO2, and this approach could be easily extended to other heterostructure-based nanocatalysts for performance enhancement and may be used in many other catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xinya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Liuyingzi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Soukaina Khayour
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Y2, second Floor, Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, 712 Wen'er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Wang T, Zhang L, Wu J, Chen M, Yang S, Lu Y, Du P. Few-Layer Fullerene Network for Photocatalytic Pure Water Splitting into H 2 and H 2 O 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311352. [PMID: 37592375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A few-layer fullerene network possesses several advantageous characteristics, including a large surface area, abundant active sites, high charge mobility, and an appropriate band gap and band edge for solar water splitting. Herein, we report for the first time that the few-layer fullerene network shows interesting photocatalytic performance in pure water splitting into H2 and H2 O2 in the absence of any sacrificial reagents. Under optimal conditions, the H2 and H2 O2 evolution rates can reach 91 and 116 μmol g-1 h-1 , respectively, with good stability. This work demonstrates the novel application of the few-layer fullerene network in the field of energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
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