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Deng M, Wang D, Li Y. General Design Concept of High-Performance Single-Atom-Site Catalysts for H 2O 2 Electrosynthesis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314340. [PMID: 38439595 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a green oxidizing agent is widely used in various fields. Electrosynthesis of H2O2 has gradually become a hotspot due to its convenient and environment-friendly features. Single-atom-site catalysts (SASCs) with uniform active sites are the ideal catalysts for the in-depth study of the reaction mechanism and structure-performance relationship. In this review, the outstanding achievements of SASCs in the electrosynthesis of H2O2 through 2e- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and 2e- water oxygen reaction (WOR) in recent years, are summarized. First, the elementary steps of the two pathways and the roles of key intermediates (*OOH and *OH) in the reactions are systematically discussed. Next, the influence of the size effect, electronic structure regulation, the support/interfacial effect, the optimization of coordination microenvironments, and the SASCs-derived catalysts applied in 2e- ORR are systematically analyzed. Besides, the developments of SASCs in 2e- WOR are also overviewed. Finally, the research progress of H2O2 electrosynthesis on SASCs is concluded, and an outlook on the rational design of SASCs is presented in conjunction with the design strategies and characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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2
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Yang K, Han SH, Cheng C, Guo C, Li T, Yu Y. Unveiling the Reaction Mechanism of Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia Over Cobalt-Based Electrocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12976-12983. [PMID: 38567925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia (NRA) has emerged as an alternative strategy for sewage treatment and ammonia generation. Despite excellent performances having been achieved over cobalt-based electrocatalysts, the reaction mechanism as well as veritable active species across a wide potential range are still full of controversy. Here, we adopt CoP, Co, and Co3O4 as model materials to solve these issues. CoP evolves into a core@shell structured CoP@Co before NRA. For CoP@Co and Co catalysts, a three-step relay mechanism is carried out over superficial dynamical Coδ+ active species under low overpotential, while a continuous hydrogenation mechanism from nitrate to ammonia is unveiled over superficial Co species under high overpotential. In comparison, Co3O4 species are stable and steadily catalyze nitrate hydrogenation to ammonia across a wide potential range. As a result, CoP@Co and Co exhibit much higher NRA activity than Co3O4 especially under a low overpotential. Moreover, the NRA performance of CoP@Co is higher than Co although they experience the same reaction mechanism. A series of characterizations clarify the reason for performance enhancement highlighting that CoP core donates abundant electrons to superficial active species, leading to the generation of more active hydrogen for the reduction of nitrogen-containing intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Yang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shu-He Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chuanqi Cheng
- Institute of New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chengying Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Asia Silicon Joint Research Center of Ammonia-Hydrogen New Energy, Tianjin University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Tieliang Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yifu Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Asia Silicon Joint Research Center of Ammonia-Hydrogen New Energy, Tianjin University, Xining 810000, China
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3
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Lv H, Huang F, Zhang F. Upcycling Waste Plastics with a C-C Backbone by Heterogeneous Catalysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5077-5089. [PMID: 38358312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plastics with an inert carbon-carbon (C-C) backbone, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), are the most widely used types of plastic in human activities. However, many of these polymers were directly discarded in nature after use, and few were appropriately recycled. This not only threatens the natural environment but also leads to the waste of carbon resources. Conventional chemical recycling of these plastics, including pyrolysis and catalytic cracking, requires a high energy input due to the chemical inertness of C-C bonds and C-H bonds and leads to complex product distribution. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of catalysts and the introduction of small molecules as additional coreactants, which could potentially overcome these challenges. In this Review, we summarize and highlight catalytic strategies that address these issues in upcycling C-C backbone plastics with small molecules, particularly in heterogeneous catalysis. We believe that this review will inspire the development of upcycling methods for C-C backbone plastics using small molecules and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan People's Republic of China
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4
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Xu S, Tang J, Fu L. Catalytic Strategies for the Upcycling of Polyolefin Plastic Waste. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:3984-4000. [PMID: 38364857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Chemical upgrading of waste plastics is currently one of the most important methods for addressing plastic pollution. In comparison to the current methods of incineration or landfill, chemical upgrading enables the utilization of carbon and hydrogen elements in waste plastics as resources. This process strongly relies on efficient catalysts and reaction systems. Through catalyst design, waste plastics can be converted into fuels or chemicals under the optimized reaction conditions, extending their life cycles. In this review, we systematically discuss various chemical conversion methods for polyolefin waste plastics, which account for a large proportion of waste plastics. We further explore the remaining challenges and future development trends in this field, including improving product value through product engineering and shifting research perspectives to exploring the tolerance of catalysts toward impurities in practical waste plastic waste rather than using pure plastic feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodan Xu
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Tang
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fu
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
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5
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Jiang X, Chen C, Chen J, Yu S, Yu W, Shen L, Li B, Zhou M, Lin H. Atomically dispersed dual-atom catalysts: A new rising star in environmental remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169142. [PMID: 38070550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts, characterized by individual metal atoms as active centers, have emerged as promising candidates owing to their remarkable catalytic efficiency, maximum atomic utilization efficiency, and robust stability. However, the limitation of single-atom catalysts lies in their inability to cater to multistep reactions using a solitary active site. Introducing an additional metal atom can amplify the number of active sites, modulate the electronic structure, bolster adsorption ability, and enable a gamut of core reactions, thus augmenting their catalytic prowess. As such, dual-atom catalysts have risen to prominence. However, a comprehensive review elucidating the realm of dual-atom catalysts in environmental remediation is currently lacking. This review endeavors to bridge this gap, starting with a discourse on immobilization techniques for dual-atom catalysts, which includes configurations such as adjacent atoms, bridged atoms, and co-facially separated atoms. The review then delves into the intrinsic activity mechanisms of these catalysts, elucidating aspects like adsorption dynamics, electronic regulation, and synergistic effects. Following this, a comprehensive summarization of dual-atom catalysts for environmental applications is provided, spanning electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and Fenton-like reactions. Finally, the existing challenges and opportunities in the field of dual-atom catalysts are extensively discussed. This work aims to be a beacon, illuminating the path towards the evolution and adoption of dual-atom catalysts in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialiang Jiang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shuning Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Wei Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Bisheng Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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6
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Zhao X, Li WP, Cao Y, Portniagin A, Tang B, Wang S, Liu Q, Yu DYW, Zhong X, Zheng X, Rogach AL. Dual-Atom Co/Ni Electrocatalyst Anchored at the Surface-Modified Ti 3C 2T x MXene Enables Efficient Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4256-4268. [PMID: 38265044 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Dual-atom catalytic sites on conductive substrates offer a promising opportunity for accelerating the kinetics of multistep hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER, respectively). Using MXenes as substrates is a promising strategy for depositing those dual-atom electrocatalysts, if the efficient surface anchoring strategy ensuring metal-substrate interactions and sufficient mass loading is established. We introduce a surface-modification strategy of MXene substrates by preadsorbing L-tryptophan molecules, which enabled attachment of dual-atom Co/Ni electrocatalyst at the surface of Ti3C2Tx by forming N-Co/Ni-O bonds, with mass loading reaching as high as 5.6 wt %. The electron delocalization resulting from terminated O atoms on MXene substrates, N atoms in L-tryptophan anchoring moieties, and catalytic metal atoms Co and Ni provides an optimal adsorption strength of intermediates and boosts the HER and OER kinetics, thereby notably promoting the intrinsic activity of the electrocatalyst. CoNi-Ti3C2Tx electrocatalyst displayed HER and OER overpotentials of 31 and 241 mV at 10 mA cm-2, respectively. Importantly, the CoNi-Ti3C2Tx electrocatalyst also exhibited high operational stability for both OER and HER over 100 h at an industrially relevant current density of 500 mA cm-2. Our study provided guidance for constructing dual-atom active metal sites on MXene substrates to synergistically enhance the electrochemical efficiency and stability of the energy conversion and storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Peng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Arsenii Portniagin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, P.R. China
| | - Bing Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, P.R. China
| | - Shixun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, P.R. China
| | - Denis Y W Yu
- Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, P.R. China
| | - Xuerong Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pico Electron Microscopy of Hainan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P.R. China
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, P.R. China
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Ran H, Zhang S, Ni W, Jing Y. Precise activation of C-C bonds for recycling and upcycling of plastics. Chem Sci 2024; 15:795-831. [PMID: 38239692 PMCID: PMC10793209 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid accumulation of plastic waste has led to a severe environmental crisis and a noticeable imbalance between manufacturing and recycling. Fortunately, chemical upgradation of plastic waste holds substantial promise for addressing these challenges posed by white pollution. During plastic upcycling and recycling, the key challenge is to activate and cleave the inert C-C bonds in plastic waste. Therefore, this perspective delves deeper into the upcycling and recycling of polyolefins from the angle of C-C activation-cleavage. We illustrate the importance of C-C bond activation in polyolefin depolymerization and integrate molecular-level catalysis, active site modulation, reaction networks and mechanisms to achieve precise activation-cleavage of C-C bonds. Notably, we draw potential inspiration from the accumulated wisdom of related fields, such as C-C bond activation in lignin chemistry, alkane dehydrogenation chemistry, C-Cl bond activation in CVOC removal, and C-H bond activation, to influence the landscape of plastic degradation through cross-disciplinary perspectives. Consequently, this perspective offers better insights into existing catalytic technologies and unveils new prospects for future advancements in recycling and upcycling of plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshun Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus Suzhou 215163 China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus Suzhou 215163 China
| | - Wenyi Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus Suzhou 215163 China
| | - Yaxuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus Suzhou 215163 China
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8
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Jiang B, Zhu J, Xia Z, Lyu J, Li X, Zheng L, Chen C, Chaemchuen S, Bu T, Verpoort F, Mu S, Wu J, Wang J, Kou Z. Correlating Single-Atomic Ruthenium Interdistance with Long-Range Interaction Boosts Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Kinetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310699. [PMID: 37967925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Correlated single-atom catalysts (c-SACs) with tailored intersite metal-metal interactions are superior to conventional catalysts with isolated metal sites. However, precise quantification of the single-atomic interdistance (SAD) in c-SACs is not yet achieved, which is essential for a crucial understanding and remarkable improvement of the correlated metal-site-governed catalytic reaction kinetics. Here, three Ru c-SACs are fabricated with precise SAD using a planar organometallic molecular design and π-π molecule-carbon nanotube confinement. This strategy results in graded SAD from 2.4 to 9.3 Å in the Ru c-SACs, wherein tailoring the Ru SAD into 7.0 Å generates an exceptionally high turnover frequency of 17.92 H2 s-1 and a remarkable mass activity of 100.4 A mg-1 under 50 and 100 mV overpotentials, respectively, which is superior to all the Ru-based catalysts reported previously. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations confirm that Ru SAD has a negative correlation with its d-band center owing to the long-range interactions induced by distinct local atomic geometries, resulting in an appropriate electrostatic potential and the highest catalytic activity on c-SACs with 7.0 Å Ru SAD. The present study promises an attractive methodology for experimentally quantifying the metal SAD to provide valuable insights into the catalytic mechanism of c-SACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Nanostructure Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xingchuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Somboon Chaemchuen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Tongle Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Francis Verpoort
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shichun Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Nanostructure Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Zongkui Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Ge X, Wang S, Li A, Li R, Shen J, Liang X, Gan T, Han X, Zheng X, Duan X, Wang D, Jiang J, Li Y. Mixed Plastics Wastes Upcycling with High-Stability Single-Atom Ru Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22836-22844. [PMID: 37794780 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Mixed plastic waste treatment has long been a significant challenge due to complex composition and sorting costs. In this study, we have achieved a breakthrough in converting mixed plastic wastes into a single chemical product using our innovative single-atom catalysts for the first time. The single-atom Ru catalyst can convert ∼90% of real mixed plastic wastes into methane products (selectivity >99%). The unique electronic structure of Ru sites regulates the adsorption energy of mixed plastic intermediates, leading to rapid decomposition of mixed plastics and superior cycle stability compared to traditional nanocatalysts. The global warming potential of the entire process was evaluated. Our proposed carbon-reducing process utilizing single-atom catalysts launches a new era of mixed plastic waste valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaohu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shule Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ang Li
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ji Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xusheng Zheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Xuezhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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