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Huang Y, Zhao Z, Yi G, Zhang M. Importance of DNA nanotechnology for DNA methyltransferases in biosensing assays. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4063-4079. [PMID: 38572575 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02947f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation is the process by which specific bases on a DNA sequence acquire methyl groups under the catalytic action of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). Abnormal changes in the function of DNMT are important markers for cancers and other diseases; therefore, the detection of DNMT and the selection of its inhibitors are critical to biomedical research and clinical practice. DNA molecules can undergo intermolecular assembly to produce functional aggregates because of their inherently stable physical and chemical properties and unique structures. Conventional DNMT detection methods are cumbersome and complicated processes; therefore, it is necessary to develop biosensing technology based on the assembly of DNA nanostructures to achieve rapid analysis, simple operation, and high sensitivity. The design of the relevant program has been employed in life science, anticancer drug screening, and clinical diagnostics. In this review, we explore how DNA assembly, including 2D techniques like hybridization chain reaction (HCR), rolling circle amplification (RCA), catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA), and exponential isothermal amplified strand displacement reaction (EXPAR), as well as 3D structures such as DNA tetrahedra, G-quadruplexes, DNA hydrogels, and DNA origami, enhances DNMT detection. We highlight the benefits of these DNA nanostructure-based biosensing technologies for clinical use and critically examine the challenges of standardizing these methods. We aim to provide reference values for the application of these techniques in DNMT analysis and early cancer diagnosis and treatment, and to alert researchers to challenges in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Jiulongpo District People's Hospital, Chongqing 400050, China.
| | - Zixin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China.
| | - Gang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China.
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Jiulongpo District People's Hospital, Chongqing 400050, China.
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Yu Y, Li Q, Shi W, Yang Y, He H, Dai J, Mao G, Ma Y. Programmable Aptasensor for Regulating CRISPR/Cas12a Activity. ACS Sens 2024; 9:244-250. [PMID: 38085648 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
CRISPR-mediated aptasensors have gained prevalence for detecting non-nucleic acid targets. However, there is an urgent need to develop an easily customizable design to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, enhance universality, and expand the detection range. In this article, we report a CRISPR-mediated programmable aptasensor (CPAS) platform. The platform includes single-stranded DNA comprising the aptamer sequence, locker DNA, and a crRNA recognition region, forming a hairpin structure through complementary hybridization. With T4 DNA polymerase, the crRNA recognition region was transformed into a complete double-stranded DNA through stem-loop extension, thereby activating the trans-cleavage activity of Cas 12a and generating fluorescence signals. The specific binding between the target molecule and aptamer disrupted the formation of the hairpin structure, altering the fluorescence signals. Notably, the CPAS platform allows for easy customization by simply changing the aptamer sequence and locker DNA, without entailing adjustments to the crRNA. The optimal number of bases in the locker DNA was determined to be seven nucleotides for the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and four nucleotides for ATP. The CPAS platform exhibited high sensitivity for S protein and ATP detection. Integration with a lateral flow assay enabled sensitive detection within 1 h, revealing its excellent potential for portable analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wen Shi
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongpeng He
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Junbiao Dai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Guobin Mao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yingxin Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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