1
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Leinung W, Mitschke B, Leutzsch M, Wakchaure VN, Maji R, List B. From Reagent to Catalyst: Dispersion-Driven Design of a General Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:16722-16728. [PMID: 40325837 PMCID: PMC12100657 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2025] [Revised: 04/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
Even though chemists have long underappreciated the role of London dispersion in catalysis, its importance in determining a reaction course is now well recognized. Dispersion interactions have been shown to stabilize transition states and govern the stereoselectivity. In this context, the transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes reported by our group via asymmetric counteranion-directed catalysis (ACDC) was revisited mechanistically. Previously, the use of an engineered Hantzsch ester featuring an isopropyl group was crucial for high enantioselectivity, suggesting London dispersion as an important stereocontrolling factor. Based on this hypothesis and the method's drawbacks (commercially unavailable Hantzsch ester, limited substrate scope, high catalyst loadings), we designed a broadly applicable second-generation catalyst system by introducing dispersion energy donors into the catalyst instead of the Hantzsch ester reagent. With the help of computational analysis, noncovalent interactions contributing to stereocontrol in the two systems were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Leinung
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Mülheim
an der Ruhr, 45470Germany
| | - Benjamin Mitschke
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Mülheim
an der Ruhr, 45470Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Mülheim
an der Ruhr, 45470Germany
| | - Vijay N. Wakchaure
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Mülheim
an der Ruhr, 45470Germany
| | - Rajat Maji
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Mülheim
an der Ruhr, 45470Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Mülheim
an der Ruhr, 45470Germany
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2
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Andrews KG. Beyond symmetric self-assembly and effective molarity: unlocking functional enzyme mimics with robust organic cages. Beilstein J Org Chem 2025; 21:421-443. [PMID: 40041197 PMCID: PMC11878132 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.21.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025] Open
Abstract
The bespoke environments in enzyme active sites can selectively accelerate chemical reactions by as much as 1019. Macromolecular and supramolecular chemists have been inspired to understand and mimic these accelerations and selectivities for applications in catalysis for sustainable synthesis. Over the past 60+ years, mimicry strategies have evolved with changing interests, understanding, and synthetic advances but, ubiquitously, research has focused on use of a molecular "cavity". The activities of different cavities vary with the subset of features available to a particular cavity type. Unsurprisingly, without synthetic access to mimics able to encompass more/all of the functional features of enzyme active sites, examples of cavity-catalyzed processes demonstrating enzyme-like rate accelerations remain rare. This perspective will briefly highlight some of the key advances in traditional cavity catalysis, by cavity type, in order to contextualize the recent development of robust organic cage catalysts, which can exploit stability, functionality, and reduced symmetry to enable promising catalytic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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3
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Syntrivanis L, Tiefenbacher K. Reactivity Inside Molecular Flasks: Acceleration Modes and Types of Selectivity Obtainable. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202412622. [PMID: 39295476 PMCID: PMC11586709 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202412622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the discovery and application of molecular flasks-supramolecular host structures capable of catalyzing organic reactions. Reminiscent of enzymes due to possessing a host cavity akin to an active site, molecular flasks can exhibit complex catalytic mechanisms and in many cases provide selectivity not achievable in bulk solvent. In this Review, we aim to organize the increasingly diverse examples through a two-part structure. In part one, we provide an overview of the different acceleration modes that operate within molecular flasks, while in part two we showcase, through selected examples, the different types of selectivity that are obtainable through the use of molecular flasks. Particular attention is given to examples that are relevant to current challenges in synthetic organic chemistry. We believe that this structure makes the field more approachable and thus will stimulate the development of novel applications of molecular flasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETHZurichBaselSwitzerland
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4
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Valiyev I, Paul I, Li YF, Elramadi E, Schmittel M. Interconversion between multicomponent slider-on-deck and palladium capsule: regulation of catalysis and encapsulation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3454-3458. [PMID: 38305461 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04300b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
When the slider-on-deck [Cu3(1)(2)]3+ and guest G were treated with palladium(II) ions, the biped 2 was released from [Cu3(1)(2)]3+ generating the nanocage [Pd2(2)4(G)]4+ with guest G being encapsulated (NetState-II). This transformation that was reversed by the addition of DMAP enabled modulation of both the overall fluorescence and the activity of copper(I) catalyzing an aza Hopf cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Valiyev
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Emad Elramadi
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Engineering, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
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5
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Zheng J, Yang Y, Ronson TK, Wood DM, Nitschke JR. Redox Triggers Guest Release and Uptake Across a Series of Azopyridine-Based Metal-Organic Capsules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302580. [PMID: 37462086 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Precise control over guest release and recapture using external stimuli is a valuable goal, potentially enabling new modes of chemical purification. Including redox moieties within the ligand cores of molecular capsules to trigger the release and uptake of guests has proved effective, but this technique is limited to certain capsules and guests. Herein, the construction of a series of novel metal-organic capsules from ditopic, tritopic, and tetratopic ligands is demonstrated, all of which contain redox-active azo groups coordinated to FeII centers. Compared to their iminopyridine-based analogs, this new class of azopyridine-based capsules possesses larger cavities, capable of encapsulating more voluminous guests. Upon reduction of the capsules, their guests are released and may then be re-encapsulated when the capsules are regenerated by oxidation. Since the redox centers are on the ligand arms, they are modular and can be attached to a variety of ligand cores to afford varying and predictable architectures. This method thus shows promise as a generalized approach for designing redox-controlled guest release and uptake systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zheng
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yuchong Yang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Daniel M Wood
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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6
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Liu Y, Liao SH, Dai WT, Bai Q, Lu S, Wang H, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang P, Lu W, Zhang Q. Controlled Construction of Heteroleptic [Pd 2 (L A ) 2 (L B )(L C )] 4+ Cages: A Facile Approach for Site-Selective endo-Functionalization of Supramolecular Cavities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217215. [PMID: 36495225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Construction of supramolecular structures with internal functionalities is a promising approach to build enzyme-like cavities. The endo-functionalized [Pd12 L24 ] and [Pd2 L4 ] coordination cages represent the most successful systems in this regard. However, these systems mainly contain one type of endo-moiety. We herein provide a solution for the controlled endo-functionalization of [Pd2 L4 ] cages. Site-selective introduction of the endo-functional group was achieved through the formation of heteroleptic [Pd2 (LA )2 (LB )(LC )] cages. Using two orthogonal steric control elements is the key for the selective formation of the hetero-assemblies. We demonstrated the construction of two hetero-cages with a single internal functional group as well as a hetero-cage with two distinct endohedral functionalities. The endo-functionalized hetero-cages bound sulfonate guests with fast-exchange dynamics. This strategy provides a new solution for the controlled endo-functionalization of supramolecular cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shou-Heng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Tao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qixia Bai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Experimental Building, P112, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Experimental Building, P112, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Experimental Building, P112, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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7
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Horin I, Slovak S, Cohen Y. Diffusion NMR Reveals the Structures of the Molecular Aggregates of Resorcin[4]arenes and Pyrogallol[4]arenes in Aromatic and Chlorinated Solvents. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10666-10670. [PMID: 36354303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The hexameric assemblies of resorcinarenes and pyrogallolarenes are fascinating structures that can serve as nanoreactors in which new chemistry and catalysis occur. Recently, it was suggested based on SANS or SAXS that C11-resorcin[4]arene (1) forms octameric aggregates of a micellar rather than capsular structure in toluene. Here, using NMR spectroscopy, diffusion NMR, and DOSY performed on solutions of C11-resorcin[4]arene (1), C11-pyrogallol[4]arene (2), and mixtures thereof in protonated and deuterated solvents, we found that, in benzene and toluene, 1 primarily formed hexameric capsules accompanied by a minor product with diffusion characteristics consistent with an octameric assembly. In chloroform, 1 formed hexameric capsules. In toluene, 2D NMR revealed two populations of encapsulated toluene molecules in the same capsule of 1. The addition of tetrahexylammonium bromide to the assemblies of 1 in aromatic solvents drove the equilibrium toward the formation of the hexameric capsules. Interestingly, 2 formed only hexameric capsules in all solvents tested.
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8
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Shrestha KK, Hilyard MA, Alahakoon I, Young MC. Combining iminium and supramolecular catalysis for the [4 + 2] cycloaddition of E-cinnamaldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6646-6653. [PMID: 35938223 PMCID: PMC9462845 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe a method for combining supramolecular catalysis with imininum-based organocatalysis in the Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction. Both supramolecular host and L-proline are required for the reaction to occur, implying that encapsulation of the substrates and co-catalyst are necessary for the reaction to occur. We explore the substrate scope for a variety of E-cinnamaldehydes and dienes. Finally, we probe the supramolecular assembly processes responsible for the observed catalysis using NMR spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra K Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Michael A Hilyard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Indunil Alahakoon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Michael C Young
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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9
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Wang X, Li LJ, Wang ZY, Xu H, Dai HX. Homologation of aryl ketones to long-chain ketones and aldehydes via C-C bond cleavage. iScience 2022; 25:104505. [PMID: 35720269 PMCID: PMC9204744 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage is a powerful tool for the reconstruction of a molecular skeleton. We report herein the multi-carbon homologation of aryl ketones to long-chain ketones and aldehydes via ligand-promoted Ar-C(O) bond cleavage and subsequent cross coupling with alkenols. Various (hetero)aryl ketones are compatible in the reaction, affording the corresponding products wtih good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. Further applications in the late-stage diversification of biologically important molecules demonstrate the synthetic utility of this protocol. Mechanistic studies indicate that the ligand plays an important role in both C-C bond cleavage and the asymmetric migration-insertion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling-Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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10
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Sokolova D, Piccini G, Tiefenbacher K. Enantioselective Tail-to-Head Terpene Cyclizations by Optically Active Hexameric Resorcin[4]arene Capsule Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203384. [PMID: 35324038 PMCID: PMC9323437 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular capsules enable the conversion of substrates inside a closed cavity, mimicking to some extent enzymatic catalysis. Chirality transfer from the molecular capsule onto the encapsulated substrate has been only studied in a few cases. Here we demonstrate that chirality transfer is possible inside a rather large molecular container of approximately 1400 Å3 . Specifically, we present 1) the first examples of optically active hexameric resorcin[4]arene capsules, 2) their ability to enantioselectively catalyze tail-to-head terpene cyclizations, and 3) the surprisingly high sensitivity of enantioselectivity on the structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Sokolova
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4058BaselSwitzerland
| | - GiovanniMaria Piccini
- Facoltà di Informatica, Istituto EuleroUniversità della Svizzera Italiana (USI)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4058BaselSwitzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichMattenstrasse 264058BaselSwitzerland
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11
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Saha R, Mondal B, Mukherjee PS. Molecular Cavity for Catalysis and Formation of Metal Nanoparticles for Use in Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12244-12307. [PMID: 35438968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The employment of weak intermolecular interactions in supramolecular chemistry offers an alternative approach to project artificial chemical environments like the active sites of enzymes. Discrete molecular architectures with defined shapes and geometries have become a revolutionary field of research in recent years because of their intrinsic porosity and ease of synthesis using dynamic non-covalent/covalent interactions. Several porous molecular cages have been constructed from simple building blocks by self-assembly, which undergoes many self-correction processes to form the final architecture. These supramolecular systems have been developed to demonstrate numerous applications, such as guest stabilization, drug delivery, catalysis, smart materials, and many other related fields. In this respect, catalysis in confined nanospaces using such supramolecular cages has seen significant growth over the years. These porous discrete cages contain suitable apertures for easy intake of substrates and smooth release of products to exhibit exceptional catalytic efficacy. This review highlights recent advancements in catalytic activity influenced by the nanocavities of hydrogen-bonded cages, metal-ligand coordination cages, and dynamic or reversible covalently bonded organic cages in different solvent media. Synthetic strategies for these three types of supramolecular systems are discussed briefly and follow similar and simplistic approaches manifested by simple starting materials and benign conditions. These examples demonstrate the progress of various functionalized molecular cages for specific chemical transformations in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Finally, we discuss the enduring challenges related to porous cage compounds that need to be overcome for further developments in this field of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur-495 009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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12
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Sokolova D, Piccini G, Tiefenbacher K. Enantioselective Tail‐to‐Head Terpene Cyclizations by Optically Active Hexameric Resorcin[4]arene Capsule Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Sokolova
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - GiovanniMaria Piccini
- Università della Svizzera Italiana: Universita della Svizzera Italiana Informatica SWITZERLAND
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13
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Xu N, Su K, El-Sayed ESM, Ju Z, Yuan D. Chiral proline-substituted porous organic cages in asymmetric organocatalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3582-3588. [PMID: 35432868 PMCID: PMC8943855 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient preparation of chiral porous organic cages (POCs) with specific functions is challenging, and their application in asymmetric catalysis has not previously been explored. In this work, we have achieved the construction of chiral POCs based on a supramolecular tetraformyl-resorcin[4]arene scaffold with different chiral proline-modified diamine ligands and utilizing dynamic imine chemistry. The incorporation of V-shaped or linear chiral diamines affords the [4 + 8] square prism and [6 + 12] octahedral POCs respectively. The appended chiral proline moieties in such POCs make them highly active supramolecular nanoreactors for asymmetric aldol reactions, delivering up to 92% ee. The spatial distribution of chiral catalytic sites in these two types of POCs greatly affects their catalytic activities and enantioselectivities. This work not only lays a foundation for the asymmetric catalytic application of chiral POCs, but also contributes to our understanding of the catalytic function of biomimetic supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Kongzhao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - El-Sayed M El-Sayed
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Chemical Refining Laboratory, Refining Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Nasr City 11727 Egypt
| | - Zhanfeng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
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14
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La Manna P, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Cohen Y, Slovak S, Rescifina A, Sala PD, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Neri P. Supramolecular catalysis in confined space: making the pyrogallol[4]arene capsule catalytically active in non-competitive solvent. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The confined space inside the hexameric pyrogallol[4]arene capsule (CP6) has been exploited for the catalysis of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC) between the proline-based iminium derivative I and nitrone 3, in the presence of the non-competitive benzene solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino La Manna
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarit Slovak
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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15
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Poole D, Mathew S, Reek JNH. Just Add Water: Modulating the Structure-Derived Acidity of Catalytic Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsules. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16419-16427. [PMID: 34591465 PMCID: PMC8517980 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The hexameric undecyl-resorcin[4]arene capsule (C11R6) features eight discrete structural water molecules located at the vertices of its cubic suprastructure. Combining NMR spectroscopy with classical molecular dynamics (MD), we identified and characterized two distinct species of this capsule, C11R6-A and C11R6-B, respectively featuring 8 and 15 water molecules incorporated into their respective hydrogen-bonded networks. Furthermore, we found that the ratio of the C11R6-A and C11R6-B found in solution can be modulated by controlling the water content of the sample. The importance of this supramolecular modulation in C11R6 capsules is highlighted by its ability to perform acid-catalyzed transformations, which is an emergent property arising from the hydrogen bonding within the suprastructure. We show that the conversion of C11R6-A to C11R6-B enhances the catalytic rate of a model Diels-Alder cyclization by 10-fold, demonstrating the cofactor-derived control of a supramolecular catalytic process that emulates natural enzymatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David
A. Poole
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular,
and Bioinspired Catalysis Group, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam
(UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular,
and Bioinspired Catalysis Group, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam
(UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular,
and Bioinspired Catalysis Group, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam
(UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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17
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Sokolova D, Tiefenbacher K. Optimized iminium-catalysed 1,4-reductions inside the resorcinarene capsule: achieving >90% ee with proline as catalyst. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24607-24612. [PMID: 34354825 PMCID: PMC8278068 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous work, we demonstrated that iminium-catalysed 1,4-reductions inside the supramolecular resorcinarene capsule display increased enantioselectivities as compared to their regular solution counterparts. Utilizing proline as the chiral catalyst, enantioselectivities remained below 80% ee. In this study, the reaction conditions were optimized by determining the optimal capsule loading and HCl content. Additionally, it was found that alcohol additives increase the enantioselectivity of the capsule-catalysed reaction. As a result, we report enantioselectivities of up to 92% ee for iminium-catalysed 1,4-reductions relying on proline as the sole chiral source. This is of high interest, as proline is unable to deliver high enantioselectivities for 1,4-reductions in a regular solution setting. Investigations into the role of the alcohol additive revealed a dual role: it not only slowed down the background reaction but also increased the capsule-catalysed reaction rate. A supramolecular container enables highly enantioselective iminium chemistry using simple proline as the chiral source.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Sokolova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel 4058 Basel Switzerland .,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich 4058 Basel Switzerland
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18
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Paul A, Shipman MA, Onabule DY, Sproules S, Symes MD. Selective aldehyde reductions in neutral water catalysed by encapsulation in a supramolecular cage. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5082-5090. [PMID: 34163748 PMCID: PMC8179549 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of reactivity inside supramolecular coordination cages has many analogies to the mode of action of enzymes, and continues to inspire the design of new catalysts for a range of reactions. However, despite being a near-ubiquitous class of reactions in organic chemistry, enhancement of the reduction of carbonyls to their corresponding alcohols remains very much underexplored in supramolecular coordination cages. Herein, we show that encapsulation of small aromatic aldehydes inside a supramolecular coordination cage allows the reduction of these aldehydes with the mild reducing agent sodium cyanoborohydride to proceed with high selectivity (ketones and esters are not reduced) and in good yields. In the absence of the cage, low pH conditions are essential for any appreciable conversion of the aldehydes to the alcohols. In contrast, the specific microenvironment inside the cage allows this reaction to proceed in bulk solution that is pH-neutral, or even basic. We propose that the cage acts to stabilise the protonated oxocarbenium ion reaction intermediates (enhancing aldehyde reactivity) whilst simultaneously favouring the encapsulation and reduction of smaller aldehydes (which fit more easily inside the cage). Such dual action (enhancement of reactivity and size-selectivity) is reminiscent of the mode of operation of natural enzymes and highlights the tremendous promise of cage architectures as selective catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Paul
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Michael A Shipman
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Dolapo Y Onabule
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Stephen Sproules
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Mark D Symes
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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19
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Santi N, Morrill LC, Swiderek K, Moliner V, Luk LYP. Transfer hydrogenations catalyzed by streptavidin-hosted secondary amine organocatalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1919-1922. [PMID: 33496282 PMCID: PMC8330412 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08142f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, the streptavidin-biotin technology was applied to enable organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation. By introducing a biotin-tethered pyrrolidine (1) to the tetrameric streptavidin (T-Sav), the resulting hybrid catalyst was able to mediate hydride transfer from dihydro-benzylnicotinamide (BNAH) to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde and some of its aryl-substituted analogues was found to be nearly quantitative. Kinetic measurements revealed that the T-Sav:1 assembly possesses enzyme-like behavior, whereas isotope effect analysis, performed by QM/MM simulations, illustrated that the step of hydride transfer is at least partially rate-limiting. These results have proven the concept that T-Sav can be used to host secondary amine-catalyzed transfer hydrogenations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Santi
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Louis C Morrill
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK. and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Katarzyna Swiderek
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló 12071, Spain
| | - Vicent Moliner
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló 12071, Spain
| | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK. and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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20
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Gaeta C, La Manna P, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Talotta C, Neri P. Supramolecular Catalysis with Self‐Assembled Capsules and Cages: What Happens in Confined Spaces. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
| | - Pellegrino La Manna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
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21
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22
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Nemat SJ, Jędrzejewska H, Prescimone A, Szumna A, Tiefenbacher K. Catechol[4]arene: The Missing Chiral Member of the Calix[4]arene Family. Org Lett 2020; 22:5506-5510. [PMID: 32627560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A missing, inherently chiral member of the calix[4]arene family denoted "catechol[4]arene" was synthesized. Its properties were studied and compared to the ones of its close relatives resorcin[4]arene and pyrogallol[4]arene. This novel supramolecular host exhibits binding capabilities that are superior to its sister molecules in polar media. The enantiomerically pure forms of the macrocycle display modest recognition of chiral ammonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suren J Nemat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Jędrzejewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 24, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Wang K, Jordan JH, Hu X, Wang L. Supramolecular Strategies for Controlling Reactivity within Confined Nanospaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13712-13721. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiya Wang
- School of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China
| | - Jacobs H. Jordan
- The Southern Regional Research Center Agricultural Research Service, USDA New Orleans LA 70124 USA
| | - Xiao‐Yu Hu
- School of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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24
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Wang K, Jordan JH, Hu X, Wang L. Supramolecular Strategies for Controlling Reactivity within Confined Nanospaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiya Wang
- School of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China
| | - Jacobs H. Jordan
- The Southern Regional Research Center Agricultural Research Service, USDA New Orleans LA 70124 USA
| | - Xiao‐Yu Hu
- School of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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25
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Hong T, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Tao JJ, Tang JD, Xie C, Wang M, Chen F, Xie SS, Li S, Stang PJ. Chiral Metallacycles as Catalysts for Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Styrylboronic Acids to α,β-Enones. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10244-10249. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hong
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zibin Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jia-Ju Tao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jia-Dong Tang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chunsong Xie
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shang-Shu Xie
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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26
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Nödling AR, Santi N, Williams TL, Tsai YH, Luk LYP. Enabling protein-hosted organocatalytic transformations. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16147-16161. [PMID: 33184588 PMCID: PMC7654312 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the development of organocatalytic artificial enzymes will be discussed. This area of protein engineering research has underlying importance, as it enhances the biocompatibility of organocatalysis for applications in chemical and synthetic biology research whilst expanding the catalytic repertoire of enzymes. The approaches towards the preparation of organocatalytic artificial enzymes, techniques used to improve their performance (selectivity and reactivity) as well as examples of their applications are presented. Challenges and opportunities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Nödling
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Nicolò Santi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Thomas L Williams
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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27
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Taylor CGP, Metherell AJ, Argent SP, Ashour FM, Williams NH, Ward MD. Coordination-Cage-Catalysed Hydrolysis of Organophosphates: Cavity- or Surface-Based? Chemistry 2020; 26:3065-3073. [PMID: 31774202 PMCID: PMC7079011 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophobic central cavity of a water-soluble M8 L12 cubic coordination cage can accommodate a range of phospho-diester and phospho-triester guests such as the insecticide "dichlorvos" (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) and the chemical warfare agent analogue di(isopropyl) chlorophosphate. The accumulation of hydroxide ions around the cationic cage surface due to ion-pairing in solution generates a high local pH around the cage, resulting in catalysed hydrolysis of the phospho-triester guests. A series of control experiments unexpectedly demonstrates that-in marked contrast to previous cases-it is not necessary for the phospho-triester substrates to be bound inside the cavity for catalysed hydrolysis to occur. This suggests that catalysis can occur on the exterior surface of the cage as well as the interior surface, with the exterior-binding catalysis pathway dominating here because of the small binding constants for these phospho-triester substrates in the cage cavity. These observations suggest that cationic but hydrophobic surfaces could act as quite general catalysts in water by bringing substrates into contact with the surface (via the hydrophobic effect) where there is also a high local concentration of anions (due to ion pairing/electrostatic effects).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fatma M. Ashour
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | | | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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28
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Fäseke VC, Raps FC, Sparr C. Polyketide Cyclizations for the Synthesis of Polyaromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6975-6983. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C. Fäseke
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Felix C. Raps
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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29
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Fäseke VC, Raps FC, Sparr C. Polyketide Cyclizations for the Synthesis of Polyaromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C. Fäseke
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Felix C. Raps
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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30
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Bierschenk SM, Bergman RG, Raymond KN, Toste FD. A Nanovessel-Catalyzed Three-Component Aza-Darzens Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:733-737. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Bierschenk
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G. Bergman
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kenneth N. Raymond
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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31
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Horiuchi S, Matsuo C, Sakuda E, Arikawa Y, Clever GH, Umakoshi K. Anion-mediated encapsulation-induced emission enhancement of an IrIII complex within a resorcin[4]arene hexameric capsule. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8472-8477. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01485k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The anions of the Ir complex salts control the thermodynamic stability and photoluminescence properties of the host–guest complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki
- Japan
| | - Chiharu Matsuo
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki
- Japan
| | - Eri Sakuda
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Arikawa
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki
- Japan
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- TU Dortmund University
- Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki
- Japan
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32
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Li J, Liu A, Wang Y, Zhai S, Ma D, Chen C. Noble-metal-free TiO 2 photocatalysis for selective CC reduction of α,β-enones by CF 3SO 3H modification. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00596g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The highly selective CC reduction of α,β-enones was realized by CF3SO3H-modifying noble-metal-free TiO2 photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Anan Liu
- Basic Experimental Center for Natural Science
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhai
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
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33
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Gambaro S, La Manna P, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Neri P. The Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule as a Brønsted Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis(heteroaryl)methanes in a Nanoconfined Space. Front Chem 2019; 7:687. [PMID: 31696107 PMCID: PMC6817573 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we show that the hexameric resorcinarene capsule C is able to catalyze the formation of bis(heteroaryl)methanes by reaction between pyrroles or indoles and carbonyl compounds (α-ketoesters or aldehydes) in excellent yields and selectivity. Our results suggest that the capsule can play a double catalytic role as a H-bond catalyst, for the initial activation of the carbonyl substrate, and as a Brønsted acid catalyst, for the dehydration of the intermediate alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gambaro
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pellegrino La Manna
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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34
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Zhang Q, Tiefenbacher K. Sesquiterpene Cyclizations inside the Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule: Total Synthesis of δ‐Selinene and Mechanistic Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12688-12695. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel Postfach 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH Zurich Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Switzerland
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35
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Zhang Q, Tiefenbacher K. Sesquiterpene Cyclizations inside the Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule: Total Synthesis of δ‐Selinene and Mechanistic Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel Postfach 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH Zurich Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Switzerland
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36
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Jordan JH, Wishard A, Mague JT, Gibb BC. Binding Properties and Supramolecular Polymerization of a Water-Soluble Resorcin[4]arene. Org Chem Front 2019; 6:1236-1243. [PMID: 31772734 PMCID: PMC6879061 DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00182d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the self-assembly of molecules in water is difficult because the small size, polarity, and hydrogen bond donating and accepting properties of water attenuate most non-covalent interactions. Here we describe how resorcinarene 1, with pyridinium pendent groups, assembles in water to form head-to-tail assemblies. These small supramolecular polymers form because they offer greater stabilization than any latent head-to-head assembly of resorcinarenes to form dimeric (or hexameric) containers. Instead, the resorcinarene bowl - particularly if negatively charged - is a good host for the pyridinium pendent groups of a second resorcinarene. Alternatively, resorcinarene 1 is also a good host for complexing anions and cations of any added salt. In combination therefore, host 1 possesses a rich repertoire of supramolecular properties that is dependent on the ionic strength and the nature of salts, pH, and the concentration of the host. These findings provide new information about controlling the self-assembly of resorcinarenes in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobs H Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA,
| | - Anthony Wishard
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA,
| | - Joel T Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA,
| | - Bruce C Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA,
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37
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Kaizerman-Kane D, Hadar M, Tal N, Dobrovetsky R, Zafrani Y, Cohen Y. pH-Responsive Pillar[6]arene-based Water-Soluble Supramolecular Hexagonal Boxes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5302-5306. [PMID: 30786135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of the first water-soluble pH-responsive supramolecular hexagonal boxes (SHBs) based on multiple charge-assisted hydrogen bonds between peramino-pillar[6]arenes 2 with the molecular "lid" mellitic acid (1 a). The interaction between 2 and 1 a, as well as the other "lids" pyromellitic and trimesic acids (1 b and 1 c, respecively) were studied by a combination of experimental and computational methods. Interestingly, the addition of 1 a to the complexes of the protonated form of pillar[6]arene 2, that is, 3, with bis-sulfonate 4 a or 4 b, immediately led to guest escape along with the formation of closed 1 a2 2 supramolecular boxes. Moreover, the process of the openning and closing of the supramolecular boxes along with threading and escaping of the guests, respectively, was found to be reversible and pH-responsive. This study paves the way for the easy and modular preparation of different SHBs that may have myriad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kaizerman-Kane
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Hadar
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Tal
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 740000, Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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38
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Kaizerman‐Kane D, Hadar M, Tal N, Dobrovetsky R, Zafrani Y, Cohen Y. pH‐Responsive Pillar[6]arene‐based Water‐Soluble Supramolecular Hexagonal Boxes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kaizerman‐Kane
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Maya Hadar
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Noam Tal
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Organic ChemistryIsrael Institute for Biological Research Ness-Ziona 740000 Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of ChemistrySackler Faculty of Exact sciencesTel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
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39
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, De Rosa M, La Manna P, Soriente A, Neri P. The Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule at Work: Supramolecular Catalysis in Confined Spaces. Chemistry 2019; 25:4899-4913. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Pellegrino La Manna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
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40
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Köster JM, Häussinger D, Tiefenbacher K. Activation of Primary and Secondary Benzylic and Tertiary Alkyl (sp 3 )C-F Bonds Inside a Self-Assembled Molecular Container. Front Chem 2019; 6:639. [PMID: 30662892 PMCID: PMC6328483 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyl fluorides are generally regarded as chemically inert. However, several literature examples describe the activation of alkyl (sp3)C-F bonds via strong Brønsted or Lewis acids under harsh conditions. We here report that catalytic amounts of the self-assembled resorcinarene capsule are able to activate alkyl (sp3)C-F bonds under mild conditions (40°C, no strong Brønsted or Lewis acid present). Kinetic measurements display a sigmoidal reaction progress after an initial induction period. Control experiments indicate that the presence of the supramolecular capsule is required for an efficient reaction acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper M Köster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
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41
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Cohen Y, Slovak S. Diffusion NMR for the characterization, in solution, of supramolecular systems based on calixarenes, resorcinarenes, and other macrocyclic arenes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of diffusion NMR in studying calixarenes and other arene-based supramolecular systems is described, emphasizing the pivotal role played by the calixarene community in transforming the methods into a routine tool used in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry
- The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
| | - Sarit Slovak
- School of Chemistry
- The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
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42
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Katiyar A, Freire Sovierzoski JC, Calio PB, Vartia AA, Thompson WH. Water plays a diverse role in a hydrogen-bonded, hexameric supramolecular assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6591-6594. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03151k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion coefficients reveal that water molecules are encapsulated within, or attached to the exterior of, a hexameric resorcin[4]arene assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul B. Calio
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
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43
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Zhang HN, Lu Y, Gao WX, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Selective Encapsulation and Separation of Dihalobenzene Isomers with Discrete Heterometallic Macrocages. Chemistry 2018; 24:18913-18921. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Ye Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
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44
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Abstract
In this Account, we outline our investigation into the supramolecular resorcinarene capsule as a catalyst. Molecular capsules not only are of interest due to the similarities of their binding pockets with those of natural enzymes but also feature potential advantages for catalysis. Due to the restricted internal volume of the binding pockets, substrate selectivities are commonly observed. Substrates that are encapsulated more efficiently will be converted selectively in the presence of less suitable substrates. This size selectivity cannot be obtained in a regular solution experiment. In addition, because of the distinct chemical environment inside the capsule, different product selectivities may be observed. Furthermore, the encapsulation of reactive catalysts inside confined environments may improve catalyst compatibility for multicatalyst tandem reactions. Although the potential advantages of performing catalysis inside closed microenvironments are generally recognized, the number of known catalytically active supramolecular host systems is still very limited. There are several reasons, the most important of which is that it is very difficult to predict the catalytic potential of known supramolecular host systems. In several cases, even the encapsulation behavior of host systems is not completely understood or explored. Therefore, it is evident that further research is required to explore the potential of catalysis inside supramolecular capsules. Our initial research mainly focused on understanding the puzzling encapsulation behavior of the self-assembled resorcinarene capsule I and the closely related pyrogallolarene capsule II. After the elucidation of the decisive differences between these two systems, we explored the catalytic potential of capsule I. A variety of different reactions were successfully performed inside its cavity. The most important examples highlighted in this Account are iminium catalysis, the tail-to-head terpene cyclization, and the carbonyl-olefin metathesis. In the case of proline-mediated iminium catalysis, we were able to demonstrate that the enantioselectivity for the product formation was increased when the reaction was performed inside the cavity of capsule I. This is remarkable since the capsule is formed from achiral building blocks and, therefore, does not add chiral information to the reaction mixture. The tail-to-head terpene cyclization is the most complex reaction performed so far inside capsule I. The cyclic monoterpenes eucalyptol and α-terpinene were formed in useful yields. Interestingly, these products have not yet been synthetically accessible in solution directly from acyclic terpene precursors. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the cocatalytic system of capsule I and HCl is suitable for carbonyl-olefin metathesis. HCl was shown to be an inefficient catalyst for this reaction in solution experiments. This demonstrates that the different chemical environment inside the supramolecular container can lead to altered product selectivity. In general, we hope to demonstrate in this Account that research on catalysis inside supramolecular capsules, although still in its infancy, is starting to produce the first synthetically relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, PO Box 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Catti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, PO Box 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, PO Box 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Nödling AR, Świderek K, Castillo R, Hall JW, Angelastro A, Morrill LC, Jin Y, Tsai Y, Moliner V, Luk LYP. Reactivity and Selectivity of Iminium Organocatalysis Improved by a Protein Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12478-12482. [PMID: 30027571 PMCID: PMC6531919 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in performing organocatalysis within a supramolecular system as a means of controlling reaction reactivity and stereoselectivity. Here, a protein is used as a host for iminium catalysis. A pyrrolidine moiety is covalently linked to biotin and introduced to the protein host streptavidin for organocatalytic activity. Whereas in traditional systems stereoselectivity is largely controlled by the substituents added to the organocatalyst, enantiomeric enrichment by the reported supramolecular system is completely controlled by the host. Also, the yield of the model reaction increases over 10-fold when streptavidin is included. A 1.1 Å crystal structure of the protein-catalyst complex and molecular simulations of a key intermediate reveal the chiral scaffold surrounding the organocatalytic reaction site. This work illustrates that proteins can be an excellent supramolecular host for driving stereoselective secondary amine organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Świderek
- Department de Química Física i AnalíticaUniversitat Jaume I12071CastellóSpain
| | - Raquel Castillo
- Department de Química Física i AnalíticaUniversitat Jaume I12071CastellóSpain
| | - Jonathan W. Hall
- School of Chemistry, Main BuildingCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | | | - Louis C. Morrill
- School of Chemistry, Main BuildingCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemistry, Main BuildingCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Yu‐Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Main BuildingCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Vicent Moliner
- Department de Química Física i AnalíticaUniversitat Jaume I12071CastellóSpain
| | - Louis Y. P. Luk
- School of Chemistry, Main BuildingCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3ATUK
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46
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Nödling AR, Świderek K, Castillo R, Hall JW, Angelastro A, Morrill LC, Jin Y, Tsai YH, Moliner V, Luk LYP. Reactivity and Selectivity of Iminium Organocatalysis Improved by a Protein Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Świderek
- Department de Química Física i Analítica; Universitat Jaume I; 12071 Castelló Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo
- Department de Química Física i Analítica; Universitat Jaume I; 12071 Castelló Spain
| | - Jonathan W. Hall
- School of Chemistry, Main Building; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Antonio Angelastro
- School of Chemistry, Main Building; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Louis C. Morrill
- School of Chemistry, Main Building; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemistry, Main Building; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Main Building; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Vicent Moliner
- Department de Química Física i Analítica; Universitat Jaume I; 12071 Castelló Spain
| | - Louis Y. P. Luk
- School of Chemistry, Main Building; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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47
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López‐Andarias J, Bauzá A, Sakai N, Frontera A, Matile S. Remote Control of Anion-π Catalysis on Fullerene-Centered Catalytic Triads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10883-10887. [PMID: 29806724 PMCID: PMC6120490 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and evaluation of catalytic triads composed of a central C60 fullerene with an amine base on one side and polarizability enhancers on the other side are reported. According to an enolate addition benchmark reaction, fullerene-fullerene-amine triads display the highest selectivity in anion-π catalysis observed so far, whereas NDI-fullerene-amine triads are not much better than fullerene-amine controls (NDI=naphthalenediimide). These large differences in activity are in conflict with the small differences in intrinsic π acidity, that is, LUMO energy levels and π holes on the central fullerene. However, they are in agreement with the high polarizability of fullerene-fullerene-amine triads. Activation and deactivation of the fullerene-centered triads by intercalators and computational data on anion binding further indicate that for functional relevance, intrinsic π acidity is less important than induced π acidity, that is, the size of the oriented macrodipole of polarizable π systems that emerges only in response to the interaction with anions and anionic transition states. The resulting transformation is thus self-induced, the anionic intermediates and transition states create their own anion-π catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat de les Illes BalearsPalma de MallorcaBalearesSpain
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat de les Illes BalearsPalma de MallorcaBalearesSpain
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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48
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Horin I, Adiri T, Zafrani Y, Cohen Y. Bis-resorcin[4]arene Selectively Forms Hexameric Capsules in Apolar Solvents: Evidence from Diffusion NMR. Org Lett 2018; 20:3958-3961. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Horin
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Adiri
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74000, Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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49
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López-Andarias J, Bauzá A, Sakai N, Frontera A, Matile S. Remote Control of Anion-π Catalysis on Fullerene-Centered Catalytic Triads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de Química; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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50
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Köster JM, Tiefenbacher K. Elucidating the Importance of Hydrochloric Acid as a Cocatalyst for Resorcinarene-Capsule-Catalyzed Reactions. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper M. Köster
- Department of Chemistry, BPR1096; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, BPR1096; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a 4058 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering; ETH Zürich; Mattenstrasse 24 4058 Basel Switzerland
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