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Si K, Liu C, Zhang D, Fang J, Yin H, Zhang C. Study of the Structural Changes and Internal Activator Transport Behavior after Activation of Aluminum-Based Flameless Ration Heaters: Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30929-30938. [PMID: 37663487 PMCID: PMC10468899 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum-based flameless ration heaters (AFRHs) are heating elements in food packaging. Water is used to activate AFRHs. The material properties of each region of AFRHs were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and hydrogen and heat generation. The results show that the internal cross-section shows stratification with hydrogen and heat production capacities of 105.2 ± 9.7 mL/g and 1435.0 ± 30.3 J/g for the outer layer, 27.1 ± 4.4 mL/g and 80.4 ± 3.1 J/g for the inner layer, and 1.1 ± 0.01 mL/g and 1.2 ± 0.05 J/g for the middle layer, respectively. According to the correspondence between aluminum and hydrogen in the aluminum-water reaction relationship, the reaction efficiency of the outer layer and the inner layer is as low as 64 and 80%, which is an indication of low reaction efficiency. To analyze the reasons for low reaction efficiency, a pore channel model of 3.5 nm tricalcium aluminate (C3A) was developed using molecular dynamics (MD) to reveal the adsorption behavior of the activator in the pore channel. The results show that the activator is subject to solid surface adsorption in the pore channel with a low diffusion coefficient. Oxygen atoms on the surface adsorb hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen bonds and sodium ions to form ionic bonds with calcium ions. This increases the retention time of the activator on the surface. The MD results explain the low reaction efficiency of AFRHs at the microscopic scale. Moreover, it provides ideas and a basis for the optimization of AFRHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Si
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, Chinese
Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality
and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chongxin Liu
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, Chinese
Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality
and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, Chinese
Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality
and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiajia Fang
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, Chinese
Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality
and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hang Yin
- College
of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, Chinese
Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality
and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
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Patle T, Sharma SK. Synthesis of nano-gypsum: A computational approach to encounter soil salinity and land degradation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Wang Y, Wang G, Bowron DT, Zhu F, Hannon AC, Zhou Y, Liu X, Shi G. Unveiling the structure of aqueous magnesium nitrate solutions by combining X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22939-22949. [PMID: 36125259 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01828d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of aqueous magnesium nitrate solution is gaining significant interest among researchers, especially whether contact ion pairs exist in concentrated solutions. Here, combining X-ray diffraction experiments, quantum chemical calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we report that the [Mg(NO3)2] molecular structure in solution from the coexistence of a free [Mg(H2O)6]2+ octahedral supramolecular structure with a free [NO3(H2O)n]- (n = 11-13) supramolecular structure to an [Mg2+(H2O)n(NO3-)m] (n = 3, 4, 5; m = 3, 2, 1) associated structure with increasing concentration. Interestingly, two hydration modes of NO3--the nearest neighbor hydration with a hydration distance less than 3.9 Å and the next nearest neighbor hydration with hydration distance ranging from 3.9 to 4.3 Å-were distinguished. With an increase in the solution concentration, the hydrated NO3- ions lost outer layer water molecules, and the hexagonal octahedral hydration structure of [Mg(H2O)62+] was destroyed, resulting in direct contact between Mg2+ and NO3- ions in a monodentate way. As the concentration of the solution further increased, NO3- ions replaced water molecules in the hydration layer of Mg2+ to form three-ion clusters and even more complex chains or linear ion clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 81008, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 81008, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daniel T Bowron
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Fayan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 81008, China. .,ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Alex C Hannon
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Yongquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 81008, China.
| | - Xing Liu
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guosheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 81008, China. .,Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
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Pandit S, Mora Garcia SL, Grassian VH. HONO Production from Gypsum Surfaces Following Exposure to NO 2 and HNO 3: Roles of Relative Humidity and Light Source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9761-9772. [PMID: 34236834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is a toxic household pollutant and a major source of indoor OH radicals. The high surface-to-volume ratio and diverse lighting conditions make the indoor photochemistry of HONO complex. This study demonstrates surface uptake of NO2 and gaseous HNO3 followed by gas-phase HONO generation on gypsum surfaces, model system for drywall, under reaction conditions appropriate for an indoor air environment. Tens of parts per billion of steady-state HONO are detected under these experimental conditions. Mechanistic insight into this heterogeneous photochemistry is obtained by exploring the roles of material compositions, relative humidities, and light sources. NO2 and HNO3 are adsorbed onto drywall surfaces, which can generate HONO under illumination and under dark conditions. Photoenhanced HONO generation is observed for illumination with a solar simulator as well as with the common indoor light sources such as compact fluorescence light and incandescent light bulbs. Incandescent light sources release more HONO and NO2 near the light source compared to the solar radiation. Overall, HONO production on the gypsum surface increases with the increase of RH up to 70% relative humidity; above that, the gaseous HONO level decreases due to surface loss. Heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 is predicted to be the dominant HONO generation channel, where NO2 is produced through the photolysis of surface-adsorbed nitrates. This hydrolysis reaction predominantly occurs in the first layer of surface-adsorbed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhrangshu Pandit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Stephanie L Mora Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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5
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Gypsum crystals pollutants: DFT and van der Waals interactions study on its surface deterioration. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Boily JF, Fu L, Tuladhar A, Lu Z, Legg BA, Wang ZM, Wang H. Hydrogen bonding and molecular orientations across thin water films on sapphire. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:810-817. [PMID: 31425917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Water vapor binding to metal oxide surfaces produces thin water films with properties controlled by interactions with surface hydroxo sites. Hydrogen bonding populations vary across films and induce different molecular orientations than at the surface of liquid water. Identifying these differences can open possibilities for tailoring film-mediated catalytic reactions by choice of the supporting metal oxide substrate. EXPERIMENTS The (0001) face of a single sapphire (α-Al2O3) sample exposed to water vapor and the surface of liquid water were probed by polarization dependent Sum Frequency Generation-Vibration Spectroscopy (SFG-VS). Molecular dynamics (MD) provided insight into the hydrogen bond populations and molecular orientations across films and liquid water. FINDINGS SFG-VS revealed a submonolayer film on sapphire exposed to 43% relative humidity (R.H.), and a multilayer film at 78% R.H. Polarization dependent SFG-VS spectra showed that median tilt angles of free OH bonds on the top of films are at ∼43° from the normal of the (0001) face but at 38° on neat liquid water. These values align with MD simulations, which also show that up to 36% of all OH bonds on films are free. This offers new means for understanding how interfacial reactions on sapphire-supported water films could contrast with those involving liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Fu
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Aashish Tuladhar
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Zhou Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Benjamin A Legg
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Zheming M Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Hossein-Babaei F, Zare AH, Gharesi M. Quantitative Assessment of Vapor Molecule Adsorption to Solid Surfaces by Flow Rate Monitoring in Microfluidic Channels. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12827-12834. [PMID: 31538476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Measuring parameters related to gas adsorption on the effective surfaces of solid samples is important in catalyst studies. Further attention on the subject has appeared due to the materials and methods required to concentrate the gaseous biomarkers for detection. The conventional methods are mainly based on the volumetric and gravimetric analyses, which are applicable to bulk samples. No standard method has yet been provided for such measurements on thin films, which are the most commonly used samples for material screening. Here, a novel method is presented for the adsorption coefficient measurement on thin-film samples. This method comprises coating of the inner walls of a microfluidic channel with the thin film under test. The recorded diffusion rates for a trace gas along this microchannel are compared with the solutions of the adsorption-diffusion equation of the channel for determining the adsorption coefficient of the gas molecule to the inner walls of the channel. The high ratio of surface-to-volume in such channels magnifies the gas sorption effects and improves accuracy. The method is fast, versatile, and cost-effective, allowing measurements at different temperatures and atmospheric pressures. The adsorption coefficients of different isomers of butanol on poly(methyl methacrylate) sheets, zinc oxide thick films, and gold thin films are determined as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Hossein-Babaei
- Electronic Materials Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , Tehran , 16317-14191 , Iran
| | - Ali Hooshyar Zare
- Electronic Materials Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , Tehran , 16317-14191 , Iran
| | - Mohsen Gharesi
- Electronic Materials Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , Tehran , 16317-14191 , Iran
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Preturlan JGD, Favergeon L, Vieille L, Quiligotti S. Comprehensive Thermodynamic Study of the Calcium Sulfate–Water Vapor System. Part 2: Physical Modeling of Adsorption Phenomena. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João G. D. Preturlan
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, CRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, 39 quai Lucien Lefranc, F-93000 Aubervilliers, France
| | - Loïc Favergeon
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, CRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laetitia Vieille
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, CRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sara Quiligotti
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, 39 quai Lucien Lefranc, F-93000 Aubervilliers, France
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