1
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Tang K, Shao JY, Yan Y, Zhong YW. Photoelectrochemical Cells with a Pyridine-Anchored Bilayer Photoanode for Water Splitting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6244-6252. [PMID: 38482812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A dye-sensitized photoanode is prepared by coassembling a Ru complex photosensitizer and a Ru water oxidation catalyst (WOC) on a TiO2 substrate, in which the WOC molecules are immobilized in a layer-by-layer fashion through metal-pyridine coordination with the aid of a bifunctional anchoring and bridging molecule containing multiple pyridine groups. Under visible-light irradiation, an anodic photocurrent of around 200 μA/cm2 has been achieved with O2 and H2 being generated at the photoanode and Pt counter electrode, respectively. The pyridine anchoring strategy provides a simple method to prepare photoelectrodes for applications in photoelectrochemical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Zhu K, Mul G, Huijser A. CuBO 2 : A Potential Alternative for NiO as a Hole Acceptor Layer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202300800. [PMID: 37706622 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
P-type metal oxides, and in particular NiO, are typically used as hole accepting layers in dye-sensitized photocathodes. Delafossites (CuMO2 ) with M=B, Al, Cr or Ga have recently been proposed as attractive substitutes for NiO, with theoretically a higher hole mobility than NiO, therefore allowing a higher efficiency when the photocathode is applied in solar to fuel devices. We have experimentally validated the photoelectrochemical performance of photocathodes consisting of nanoporous CuBO2 (CBO) on Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide substrates, photosensitized with a light absorbing P1 dye. Femtosecond transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence studies show that light-induced hole injection occurs from the P1 dye into the CBO in a few ps, comparable to the time constant observed for NiO-based photocathodes. Importantly, the CBO-based photocathode shows significantly slower charge recombination than the NiO-based analogue. These results illustrate the promise of CBO as a p-type semiconductor in solar energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Zhu
- PhotoCatalytic Synthesis Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede (The, Netherlands
| | - Guido Mul
- PhotoCatalytic Synthesis Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede (The, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Huijser
- PhotoCatalytic Synthesis Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede (The, Netherlands
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3
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Badiei YM, Annon O, Maldonado C, Delgado E, Nguyen C, Rivera C, Li C, Ortega AF. Single‐Site Molecular Ruthenium(II) Water‐Oxidation Catalysts Grafted into a Polymer‐Modified Surface for Improved Stability and Efficiency. ChemElectroChem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosra M. Badiei
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Oshane Annon
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Christina Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Emily Delgado
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Caroline Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Christina Rivera
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Clive Li
- Department of STEM Hudson County Community College 07306 Jersey City NJ USA
| | - Abril Flores Ortega
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
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4
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Wang L, Wang L. Ligands modification strategies for mononuclear water splitting catalysts. Front Chem 2022; 10:996383. [PMID: 36238101 PMCID: PMC9551221 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.996383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis (AP) has been proved to be a promising way of alleviating global climate change and energy crisis. Among various materials for AP, molecular complexes play an important role due to their favorable efficiency, stability, and activity. As a result of its importance, the topic has been extensively reviewed, however, most of them paid attention to the designs and preparations of complexes and their water splitting mechanisms. In fact, ligands design and preparation also play an important role in metal complexes’ properties and catalysis performance. In this review, we focus on the ligands that are suitable for designing mononuclear catalysts for water splitting, providing a coherent discussion at the strategic level because of the availability of various activity studies for the selected complexes. Two main designing strategies for ligands in molecular catalysts, substituents modification and backbone construction, are discussed in detail in terms of their potentials for water splitting catalysts.
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5
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Chen G, Chen W, Xu L, Jin H, Sun W, Lan J, Wu F, Zhang X, Zhang J, Chen J. Sensitive, Highly Stable, and Anti-Fouling Electrode with Hexanethiol and Poly-A Modification for Exosomal microRNA Detection. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5382-5391. [PMID: 35323012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It remains a huge challenge to integrate the sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, and anti-fouling ability of electrochemical biosensors for practical applications. Herein, we propose a self-assembled electrode combining hexanethiol (HT), poly-adenine (poly-A), and cholesteryl-modified DNA to meet this challenge. HT can tightly pack at the electrode interface to form a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM), effectively improving the stability and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of electrochemical detection. Cholesteryl-modified DNA was immobilized at the electrode through the hydrophobic interaction with HT to avoid the competition between the SAM and the DNA probe on the gold site. Thus, the assembly efficiency and uniformity of the DNA probe as well as the detection reproducibility were increased remarkedly. Poly-A was added on the HT assembled electrode to occupy the unreacted sites of gold to further enhance the anti-fouling ability. The combination of HT and poly-A allows the electrode to ensure favorable anti-fouling ability without sacrificing the detection performance. On this basis, we proposed a dual-signal amplification electrochemical biosensor for the detection of exosomal microRNAs, which showed excellent sensitivity with a detection limit down to 1.46 aM. Importantly, this method has been successfully applied to detect exosomal microRNA-21 in cells and human serum samples, proving its potential utility in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Lilan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Huixuan Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China
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6
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Heterogenization of Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts in Electrodes for (Photo)Electrochemical Water Oxidation. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Water oxidation is still one of the most important challenges to develop efficient artificial photosynthetic devices. In recent decades, the development and study of molecular complexes for water oxidation have allowed insight into the principles governing catalytic activity and the mechanism as well as establish ligand design guidelines to improve performance. However, their durability and long-term stability compromise the performance of molecular-based artificial photosynthetic devices. In this context, heterogenization of molecular water oxidation catalysts on electrode surfaces has emerged as a promising approach for efficient long-lasting water oxidation for artificial photosynthetic devices. This review covers the state of the art of strategies for the heterogenization of molecular water oxidation catalysts onto electrodes for (photo)electrochemical water oxidation. An overview and description of the main binding strategies are provided explaining the advantages of each strategy and their scope. Moreover, selected examples are discussed together with the the differences in activity and stability between the homogeneous and the heterogenized system when reported. Finally, the common design principles for efficient (photo)electrocatalytic performance summarized.
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7
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Muñoz-García AB, Benesperi I, Boschloo G, Concepcion JJ, Delcamp JH, Gibson EA, Meyer GJ, Pavone M, Pettersson H, Hagfeldt A, Freitag M. Dye-sensitized solar cells strike back. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12450-12550. [PMID: 34590638 PMCID: PMC8591630 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are celebrating their 30th birthday and they are attracting a wealth of research efforts aimed at unleashing their full potential. In recent years, DSCs and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have experienced a renaissance as the best technology for several niche applications that take advantage of DSCs' unique combination of properties: at low cost, they are composed of non-toxic materials, are colorful, transparent, and very efficient in low light conditions. This review summarizes the advancements in the field over the last decade, encompassing all aspects of the DSC technology: theoretical studies, characterization techniques, materials, applications as solar cells and as drivers for the synthesis of solar fuels, and commercialization efforts from various companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Muñoz-García
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gibson
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
- University Management and Management Council, Vice Chancellor, Uppsala University, Segerstedthuset, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Freitag
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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8
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Construction of iridium oxide nanoparticle modified indium tin oxide electrodes with polycarboxylic acids and pyrophosphoric acid and their application to water oxidation reactions. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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9
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Man Ngo F, Tse ECM. Bioinorganic Platforms for Sensing, Biomimicry, and Energy Catalysis. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fung Man Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Zhejiang 311305, P. R. China
| | - Edmund C. M. Tse
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Zhejiang 311305, P. R. China
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10
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Badiei YM, Traba C, Rosales R, Rojas AL, Amaya C, Shahid M, Vera-Rolong C, Concepcion JJ. Plasma-Initiated Graft Polymerization of Acrylic Acid onto Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide as a Platform for Immobilization of Water-Oxidation Catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14077-14090. [PMID: 33751889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new and versatile strategies for the immobilization of molecular water-oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is crucial for developing clean energy conversion devices [e.g., (photo)electrocatalytic cells for water splitting]. The traditional approach for surface attachment to transparent conductive oxides [e.g., fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)] is via synthetic modification of the ligand architecture to incorporate functional groups such as carboxylic acids (-COOH) or phosphonates (-PO3H2) prior to immobilization. However, challenges arising from desorption and the cumbersome derivatizations steps have limited the scope and applications of surface-bound WOCs. Herein, we report the successful immobilization of underivatized Ru(II)-based WOCs (Ru-Cat1 = [Ru(tpy) (bpy) (H2O)]2+ (tpy = 2,2':6'2″-terpyridine and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and Ru-Cat2 = [Ru(Mebimpy) (bpy) (H2O)]2+ (Mebimpy = 2,6-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl) pyridine)) and the Ru(II) polypyridyl chromophore Ru-C3 = [Ru(bpy)3]2+ onto a FTO plasma-grafted poly(acrylic acid) surface (PAA|FTO). Various characterization techniques such as attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry measurements provide evidence for the plasma-induced grafted PAA|FTO film and immobilization. Surface stability and electrocatalytic properties of these new hybrid composite films upon cycling were investigated at different pH values. Immobilized Ru-Cat1 and Ru-Cat2 onto PAA|FTO displayed pH-dependent (RuIII/RuII) couples and onset potentials indicative of PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) reactions. Based on cyclic voltammetry results and spectroscopic monitoring, the immobilized WOCs Ru-Cat1 and Ru-Cat2 exhibited a higher surface stability in neutral aqueous solutions relative to Ru-C3 upon electrochemical oxidation. We attribute the surface PCET and stability to the presence of a water ligand in the coordination sphere of immobilized Ru-Cat1 and Ru-Cat2 which can H-bond with negatively charged carboxylate groups of the cross-linked PAA brushes. Our findings demonstrate that the plasma-grafted polymeric network onto FTO offers a versatile platform to directly anchor unmodified homogeneous WOCs or chromophores for potential applications in solar-to-fuel energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra M Badiei
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Christian Traba
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, New Jersey 07666, United States
| | - Rina Rosales
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Anthony Lopez Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Claudio Amaya
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Mohammed Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Carolina Vera-Rolong
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
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11
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Wright D, Lin Q, Berta D, Földes T, Wagner A, Griffiths J, Readman C, Rosta E, Reisner E, Baumberg JJ. Mechanistic study of an immobilized molecular electrocatalyst by in situ gap-plasmon-assisted spectro-electrochemistry. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Chattopadhyay S, Bandyopadhyay S, Dey A. Kinetic Isotope Effects on Electron Transfer Across Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:597-605. [PMID: 33411526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactions requiring controlled delivery of protons and electrons are important in storage of energy in small molecules. While control over proton transfer can be achieved by installing appropriate chemical functionality in the catalyst, control of electron-transfer (ET) rates can be achieved by utilizing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on electrodes. Thus, a deeper understanding of the ET through SAM to an immobilized or covalently attached redox-active species is desirable. Long-range ET across several SAM-covered Au electrodes to covalently attached ferrocene is investigated using protonated and deuterated thiols (R-SH/R-SD). The rate of tunneling is measured using both chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry, and it shows a prominent kinetic isotope effect (KIE). The KIE is ∼2 (normal) for medium-chain-length thiols but ∼0.47 (inverse) for long-chain thiols. These results imply substantial contribution from the classical modes at the Au-(H)SR interface, which shifts substantially upon deuteration of the thiols, to the ET process. The underlying H/D KIE of these exchangeable thiol protons should be considered when analyzing solvent isotope effects in catalysis utilizing SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Chattopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal
| | - Sabyasachi Bandyopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal
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13
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Xu P, Li X, Yu H. Thermodynamic Phase-like Transition Effect of Molecular Self-assembly. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:126-131. [PMID: 33307700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The technique of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is frequently applied for grafting functional groups or area-selective deposition of thin films on a material surface. The formation and quality of SAMs are fundamentally determined by thermodynamic data, which are difficult to measure with available experimental methods. This work quantitatively extracted thermodynamic parameters including ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° during the SAMs construction process with an ultrasensitive resonant microcantilever as molecule-surface interactions real-time recording tool. By correlating the thermodynamic parameters with self-assembling temperatures, a new thermodynamic phase-like transition effect of molecular self-assembly has been first revealed. The sharp transition of the thermodynamic parameters defines the critical condition for SAMs formation. The thermodynamic data further provide optimized reaction conditions for constructing high-quality SAMs. The explored quantitative thermodynamic analysis method not only plays as criterion for SAM growth but also helps to fundamentally elucidate physicochemical mechanism of spontaneous self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
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14
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Keijer T, Bouwens T, Hessels J, Reek JNH. Supramolecular strategies in artificial photosynthesis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:50-70. [PMID: 34168739 PMCID: PMC8179670 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03715j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis is a major scientific endeavor aimed at converting solar power into a chemical fuel as a viable approach to sustainable energy production and storage. Photosynthesis requires three fundamental actions performed in order; light harvesting, charge-separation and redox catalysis. These actions span different timescales and require the integration of functional architectures developed in different fields of study. The development of artificial photosynthetic devices is therefore inherently complex and requires an interdisciplinary approach. Supramolecular chemistry has evolved to a mature scientific field in which programmed molecular components form larger functional structures by self-assembly processes. Supramolecular chemistry could provide important tools in preparing, integrating and optimizing artificial photosynthetic devices as it allows precise control over molecular components within such a device. This is illustrated in this perspective by discussing state-of-the-art devices and the current limiting factors - such as recombination and low stability of reactive intermediates - and providing exemplary supramolecular approaches to alleviate some of those problems. Inspiring supramolecular solutions such as those discussed herein will incite expansion of the supramolecular toolbox, which eventually may be needed for the development of applied artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Keijer
- Homogeneous Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tessel Bouwens
- Homogeneous Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joeri Hessels
- Homogeneous Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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15
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Rapidly sequence-controlled electrosynthesis of organometallic polymers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2530. [PMID: 32439856 PMCID: PMC7242481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Single rich-stimuli-responsive organometallic polymers are considered to be the candidate for ultrahigh information storage and anti-counterfeiting security. However, their controllable synthesis has been an unsolved challenge. Here, we report the rapidly sequence-controlled electrosynthesis of organometallic polymers with exquisite insertion of multiple and distinct monomers. Electrosynthesis relies on the use of oxidative and reductive C–C couplings with the respective reaction time of 1 min. Single-monomer-precision propagation does not need protecting and deprotecting steps used in solid-phase synthesis, while enabling the uniform synthesis and sequence-defined possibilities monitored by both UV–vis spectra and cyclic voltammetry. Highly efficient electrosynthesis possessing potentially automated production can incorporate an amount of available metal and ligand species into a single organometallic polymer with complex architectures and functional versatility, which is proposed to have ultrahigh information storage and anti-counterfeiting security with low-cost coding and decoding processes at the single organometallic polymer level. The controllable synthesis of organometallic polymers that can be used in ultrahigh information storage and anti-counterfeiting security has been an unsolved challenge. Here, the authors show sequence-controlled electrosynthesis of organometallic polymers with exquisite insertion of multiple and distinct monomers.
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