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Xue J, Yu Q, Yu J, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Zeng X. Chlorosulfenic Acid: An Important Linker in the Coupled Sulfur and Chlorine Chemistry in the Venusian Atmosphere. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202500174. [PMID: 40178237 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202500174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Revised: 04/01/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
The coupled sulfur and chlorine chemistry plays an important role in the chemical cycle of the Venusian atmosphere. However, the reactivity of sulfur monoxide (SO) toward hydrochloric acid (HCl), two abundant reactive gases in the Venusian atmosphere remains hitherto unknown. In this work, we report the generation, spectroscopic characterization, and photochemistry of chlorosulfenic acid (HOSCl), a simple molecule that acts not only as a potential candidate for the near-UV absorber but also as an important linker in the coupled sulfur and chlorine chemistry in the Venusian atmosphere. This molecule has bright absorption from 330 to 440 nm. The photochemistry of HOSCl at 365 nm yields SO and HCl as a novel hydrogen-bonded molecular complex in a cryogenic Ar-matrix at 10 K, and the subsequent irradiation at 193 nm leads to recombination of the two fragments by reformation of HOSCl. The photochemistry of HOSCl underscores its importance in the photochemical models of the sulfur and chlorine species in Venusian atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6243, USA
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6243, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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2
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Li X, Fan W, Shao X, Fang W, Zhang DH, Zhou M, Francisco JS, Zeng X. Photochemistry of Microsolvated Nitrous Acid: Observation of the Water-Separated Complex of Nitric Oxide and Hydroxyl Radical. J Phys Chem Lett 2025; 16:1320-1326. [PMID: 39873450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c03483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
The photochemistry of nitrous acid (HONO) plays a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry as it serves as a key source of hydroxyl radicals (OH) in the atmosphere; however, our comprehension of the underlying mechanism for the photochemistry of HONO especially in the presence of water is far from being complete as the transient intermediates in the photoreactions have not been observed. Herein, we report the photochemistry of microsolvated HONO by water in a cryogenic N2 matrix. Specifically, the 1:1 hydrogen-bonded water complex of HONO was facially prepared in the matrix through stepwise photolytic O2 oxidation of the water complex of imidogen (NH-H2O) via the intermediacy of the elusive water complex of peroxyl isomer HNOO. Upon photolysis at 193 nm, the matrix-isolated HONO-H2O complex decomposes by yielding the ternary water complex of OH and NO due to the matrix cage effect. The identification of this rare water-separated radical pair (OH-H2O-NO) with matrix-isolation infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is aided by D, 15N, and 18O isotope labeling and quantum chemical calculations at the (U)CCSD/AVTZ level of theory, and its most stable structure exhibits separate hydrogen bonding interactions of the OH and NO radicals with H2O via OH···OH2 and ON···HOH contacts, respectively. This ternary complex is extremely unstable, as it undergoes spontaneous radical recombination to reform the HONO-H2O complex in the temperature range of 4-12 K through quantum-mechanical tunneling with 16/18O, H/D, 14/15N kinetic isotopic effects of 1.43, 2.33, and 0.91, respectively. At increased temperatures from 15 to 21 K, the recombination proceeds predominantly by overcoming the activation barrier with an estimated height of 0.12(1) kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenbin Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dong H Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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3
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Xue J, Shao X, Li J, Li J, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Zeng X. Observation of the Water-HNSO 2 Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5455-5460. [PMID: 38359146 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sulfamic acid (NH2SO3H, SFA) is supposed to play an important role in aerosol new particle formation (NPF) in the atmosphere, and its formation mainly arises from the SO3-NH3 reaction system in which weakly bonded donor-acceptor complexes such as SO3···NH3 and isomeric HNSO2···H2O have been proposed as the key intermediates. In this study, we reveal the first spectroscopic observation of HNSO2···H2O in two forms in a solid Ar matrix at 10 K. The major form consists of two intermolecular H bonds by forming a six-membered ring structure with a calculated dissociation energy of 7.6 kcal mol-1 at the CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The less stable form resembles SO3···H2O in containing a pure chalcogen bond (S···O) with a dissociation energy of 7.2 kcal mol-1. The characterization of HNSO2···H2O with matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy is supported by D- and 18O-isotope labeling and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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4
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Yu W, Zheng X, Tan M, Wang J, Wu B, Ma J, Pan Y, Chen B, Chu C. Field Quantification of Hydroxyl Radicals by Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Analysis with a Portable Device. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2808-2816. [PMID: 38227742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) is a powerful oxidant abundantly found in nature and plays a central role in numerous environmental processes. On-site detection of •OH is highly desirable for real-time assessments of •OH-centered processes and yet is restrained by a lack of an analysis system suitable for field applications. Here, we report the development of a flow-injection chemiluminescence analysis (FIA-CL) system for the continuous field detection of •OH. The system is based on the reaction of •OH with phthalhydrazide to generate 5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, which emits chemiluminescence (CL) when oxidatively activated by H2O2 and Cu3+. The FIA-CL system was successfully validated using the Fenton reaction as a standard •OH source. Unlike traditional absorbance- or fluorescence-based methods, CL detection could minimize interference from an environmental medium (e.g., organic matter), therefore attaining highly sensitive •OH detection (limits of detection and quantification = 0.035 and 0.12 nM, respectively). The broad applications of FIA-CL were illustrated for on-site 24 h detection of •OH produced from photochemical processes in lake water and air, where the temporal variations on •OH productions (1.0-12.2 nM in water and 1.5-37.1 × 107 cm-3 in air) agreed well with sunlight photon flux. Further, the FIA-CL system enabled field 24 h field analysis of •OH productions from the oxidation of reduced substances triggered by tidal fluctuations in coastal soils. The superior analytical capability of the FIA-CL system opens new opportunities for monitoring •OH dynamics under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchao Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengxi Tan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junye Ma
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yishuai Pan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Anqing Yangtze Delta Future Industry Institute, Anqing 246003, China
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5
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Jiang J, Lu B, Zhu B, Li X, Rauhut G, Zeng X. Hydrogen-Bonded π Complexes between Phosphaethyne and Hydrogen Chloride. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4327-4333. [PMID: 37133825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The highly labile complexes between phosphaethyne (HCP) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) with 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometries have been generated in Ar and N2 matrices at 10 K through laser photolysis of the molecular precursors 1-chlorophosphaethene (CH2PCl) and dichloromethylphosphine (CH3PCl2), respectively. The IR spectrum of the 1:1 complex suggests the preference of a single "T-shaped" structure in which HCl acts as the hydrogen donor that interacts with the electron-rich C≡P triple bond. In contrast, three isomeric structures for the 1:2 complex bearing a core structure of the "T-shaped" 1:1 complex are present in the matrix. The spectroscopic identification of these rare HCP π-electron complexes is supported by D-isotope labeling and the quantum chemical calculations at the CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVTZ-F12 level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bifeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Unraveling sulfur chemistry in interstellar carbon oxide ices. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7150. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFormyl radical (HCO•) and hydroxycarbonyl radical (HOCO•) are versatile building blocks in the formation of biorelevant complex organic molecules (COMs) in interstellar medium. Understanding the chemical pathways for the formation of HCO• and HOCO• starting with primordial substances (e.g., CO and CO2) is of vital importance in building the complex network of prebiotic chemistry. Here, we report the efficient formation of HCO• and HOCO• in the photochemistry of hydroxidooxidosulfur radical (HOSO•)–a key intermediate in SO2 photochemistry–in interstellar analogous ices of CO and CO2 at 16 K through hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions. Specifically, 266 nm laser photolysis of HOSO• embedded in solid CO ice yields the elusive hydrogen‑bonded complexes HCO•···SO2 and HOCO•···SO, and the latter undergoes subsequent HAT to furnish CO2···HOS• under the irradiation conditions. Similar photo-induced HAT of HOSO• in solid CO2 ice leads to the formation of HOCO•···SO2. The HAT reactions of HOSO• in astronomical CO and CO2 ices by forming reactive acyl radicals may contribute to understanding the interplay between the sulfur and carbon ice-grain chemistry in cold molecular clouds and also in the planetary atmospheric chemistry.
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Francés-Monerris A, Carmona-García J, Trabelsi T, Saiz-Lopez A, Lyons JR, Francisco JS, Roca-Sanjuán D. Photochemical and thermochemical pathways to S 2 and polysulfur formation in the atmosphere of Venus. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4425. [PMID: 35907911 PMCID: PMC9338966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysulfur species have been proposed to be the unknown near-UV absorber in the atmosphere of Venus. Recent work argues that photolysis of one of the (SO)2 isomers, cis-OSSO, directly yields S2 with a branching ratio of about 10%. If correct, this pathway dominates polysulfur formation by several orders of magnitude, and by addition reactions yields significant quantities of S3, S4, and S8. We report here the results of high-level ab-initio quantum-chemistry computations that demonstrate that S2 is not a product in cis-OSSO photolysis. Instead, we establish a novel mechanism in which S2 is formed in a two-step process. Firstly, the intermediate S2O is produced by the coupling between the S and Cl atmospheric chemistries (in particular, SO reaction with ClS) and in a lesser extension by O-abstraction reactions from cis-OSSO. Secondly, S2O reacts with SO. This modified chemistry yields S2 and subsequent polysulfur abundances comparable to the photolytic cis-OSSO mechanism through a more plausible pathway. Ab initio quantification of the photodissociations at play fills a critical data void in current atmospheric models of Venus. Polysulfur compounds have been ascribed as the unknown near-UV absorbers in Venusian atmosphere and play a key role in the sulfur chemical cycle of this planet. Here, authors establish their production from (SO)2 on the grounds of quantifications of photochemical and thermal pathways involved in the sulfur chemical cycle of the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Carmona-García
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46071, València, Spain.,Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46071, València, Spain.
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Zhang W, Jia W, Qin J, Chen L, Ran Y, Krishna R, Wang L, Luo F. Efficient Separation of Trace SO 2 from SO 2/CO 2/N 2 Mixtures in a Th-Based MOF. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11879-11885. [PMID: 35857411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from flue gases is harmful since trace SO2 impairs human health and the natural environment. Therefore, developing new metal organic frameworks (MOFs) to capture this toxic molecule is of great importance in flue gas desulfurization. In this work, we synthesized a new MOF, namely, ECUT-Th-60, which consists of two distinct channels (3.0 Å × 4.1 Å and 2.3 Å × 4.8 Å). It shows SO2 uptakes of around 2.5 mmol/g at 0.1 kPa and 3.35 mmol/g at 1 bar, which are higher than those of CO2 and N2 under identical conditions. Both simulated and experimental breakthrough tests proved that ECUT-Th-60 can separate trace SO2 from SO2/CO2 mixtures. Impressively, complete separation of SO2 from SO2/CO2/N2 mixtures under both dry and humid conditions was also proved in ECUT-Th-60, predicting its potential application in flue gas desulfurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Wansheng Jia
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Jie Qin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Lan Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Youyuan Ran
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Rajamani Krishna
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Feng Luo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
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9
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Zasimov PV, Tyurin DA, Ryazantsev SV, Feldman VI. Formation and Evolution of H 2C 3O +• Radical Cations: A Computational and Matrix Isolation Study. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8115-8128. [PMID: 35487219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The family of isomeric H2C3O+• radical cations is of great interest for physical organic chemistry and chemistry occurring in extraterrestrial media. In this work, we have experimentally examined a unique synthetic route to the generation of H2C3O+• from the C2H2···CO intermolecular complex and also considered the relative stability and monomolecular transformations of the H2C3O+• isomers through high-level ab initio calculations. The structures, energetics, harmonic frequencies, hyperfine coupling constants, and isomerization pathways for several of the most important H2C3O+• isomers were calculated at the UCCSD(T) level of theory. The complementary FTIR and EPR studies in argon matrices at 5 K have demonstrated that the ionized C2H2···CO complex transforms into the E-HCCHCO+• isomer, and this latter species is supposed to be the key intermediate in further chemical transformations, providing a remarkable piece of evidence for kinetic control in low-temperature chemistry. Photolysis of this species at λ = 410-465 nm results in its transformation to the thermodynamically most stable H2CCCO+• isomer. Possible implications of the results and potentiality of the proposed synthetic strategy to the preparation of highly reactive organic radical cations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Zasimov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil A Tyurin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Ryazantsev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Feldman
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Zhu B, Jiang J, Lu B, Li X, Zeng X. Fluoromethylsulfinyl radicals: spectroscopic characterization and photoisomerization via intramolecular hydrogen shift. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8881-8889. [PMID: 35362501 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Two new sulfinyl radicals, CHF2SO˙ and CH2FSO˙, have been generated in the gas phase through homolytic cleavage of the weak S-S bonds in disulfane oxides CHF2S(O)SCF3 and CH2FS(O)SCF3 by high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) at ca. 500 °C. The IR spectroscopy characterization of the two fluoromethylsulfinyl radicals in solid N2 (10 K), Ar (10 K), and Ne (3 K) matrices reveals the presence of two conformers for CHF2SO˙ (gauche and cis) and one conformer for CH2FSO˙ (gauche). Upon 266 nm laser irradiation, these radicals undergo both isomerization and decomposition in the matrices. In addition to the dominant formation of the elusive oxathiyl radicals CHF2OS˙ (gauche and cis) and CH2FOS˙ (gauche) via 1,2-alkyl migration, two higher-energy carbon-centered radicals ˙CF2SOH and ˙CHFSOH bearing similar molecular structures to hydroperoxyalkyl radicals (˙QOOH) form via intramolecular 1,3-hydrogen shift in the two sulfinyl radicals. Additionally, the involvement of 1,3-hydrogen shift in CHF2OS˙ and CH2FOS˙ is also indicated by the observation of the fragmentation species. The identification of these radicals by matrix-isolation IR and UV-vis spectroscopy is aided by the quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. The stability of the isomers of the two sulfinyl radicals CHF2SO˙ and CH2FSO˙ has been discussed according to the experimental observations and also based on the CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) calculated energy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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11
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Lu B, Trabelsi T, Esposito VJ, Fortenberry RC, Francisco JS, Zeng X. Spectroscopic Characterization of HSO 2• and HOSO • Intermediates Involved in SO 2 Geoengineering. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10615-10621. [PMID: 34890193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing radicals HSO2• and HOSO• are key intermediates involved in stratospheric sulfur geoengineering by SO2 injection. The spectroscopic characterization and photochemistry of both radicals are crucial to understanding the chemical impact of SO2 chemistry in the stratosphere. On the basis of the efficient generation of HOSO• by flash pyrolysis of gaseous sulfinic acid, CHF2S(O)OH, a strong absorption is observed at 270 nm along with a shoulder up to 350 nm for HOSO• isolated in low-temperature noble gas matrixes (Ar and Ne). These mainly arise from the excitations from the ground state (X2A) to the C2A/D2A and A2A/B2A states, respectively. Upon a 266 nm laser irradiation, the broad absorption band in the range 320-500 nm for HSO2• appears, and it corresponds to the combination of three excitations from the X2A state to the first (A2A), second (B2A), and third (C2A) excited states. Assignment of the UV-vis spectra is consistent with the photochemistry of HOSO• and HSO2• as observed by matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy and also by the agreement with high-level ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vincent J Esposito
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ryan C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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12
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Carmona-García J, Trabelsi T, Francés-Monerris A, Cuevas CA, Saiz-Lopez A, Roca-Sanjuán D, Francisco JS. Photochemistry of HOSO 2 and SO 3 and Implications for the Production of Sulfuric Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18794-18802. [PMID: 34726419 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur trioxide (SO3) and the hydroxysulfonyl radical (HOSO2) are two key intermediates in the production of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) on Earth's atmosphere, one of the major components of acid rain. Here, the photochemical properties of these species are determined by means of high-level quantum chemical methodologies, and the potential impact of their light-induced reactivity is assessed within the context of the conventional acid rain generation mechanism. Results reveal that the photodissociation of HOSO2 occurs primarily in the stratosphere through the ejection of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). This may decrease the production rate of H2SO4 in atmospheric regions with low O2 concentration. In contrast, the photostability of SO3 under stratospheric conditions suggests that its removal efficiency, still poorly understood, is key to assess the H2SO4 formation in the upper atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carmona-García
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, València 46071, Spain.,Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | - Carlos A Cuevas
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, València 46071, Spain
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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13
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Qian W, Lu B, Tan G, Rauhut G, Grützmacher H, Zeng X. Vibrational spectrum and photochemistry of phosphaketene HPCO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19237-19243. [PMID: 34524290 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The vibrational spectra of the simplest phosphaketene HPCO and its isotopologue DPCO in solid Ar-matrices at 12.0 K have been analyzed with the aid of the computations at the CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVTZ-F12 level using configuration-selective vibrational configuration interaction (VCI). In addition to the four IR fundamentals, four overtone and ten combination bands have been unambiguously identified. Furthermore, the photochemistry of HPCO in the matrix has been investigated for the first time. Upon UV-light irradiation (365 or 266 nm), CO-elimination occurs by forming the parent phosphinidene HP that can be trapped by ˙NO to yield the elusive phosphinimine-N-oxyl radical HPNO˙. In contrast, an excimer laser (193 nm) irradiation of HPCO causes additional decomposition to H˙ and ˙PCO with concomitant formation of the long-sought phosphaethyne HOCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Gengwen Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | | | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
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14
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Feldman VI, Ryazantsev SV, Kameneva SV. Matrix isolation in laboratory astrochemistry: state-of-the-art, implications and perspective. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Esposito VJ, Trabelsi T, Rohacs N, Francisco JS. Spectroscopic Characterization of the First and Second Excited States of the HOSO Radical. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6254-6262. [PMID: 34254512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties of the ground and first two excited states of the HOSO radical are investigated using the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction method, including the Davidson correction (MRCI+Q) and explicit treatment of the electron correlation (MRCI-F12). The vertical and adiabatic excitation energies are also determined. The results reveal that both the 1 2A and 2 2A electronic states contain minima in their potential energy surfaces. The first excited state 1 2A possesses a nonplanar structure and has an adiabatic excitation energy of 1.45 eV (855 nm), lying in the near-infrared region. The second excited state 2 2A has a planar geometry and an adiabatic excitation energy of 2.91 eV (426 nm) existing in the visible region. The calculated oscillator strengths for the vertical electronic excitations to the 1 2A (327 nm) and 2 2A (270 nm) states are 0.003 and 0.022, respectively, indicating experimental intensity should be observed. The small but non-negligible Franck-Condon factors for excitations ∼300 nm, and the broad and intense absorption feature in the 225-275 nm region suggest that detection of the HOSO radical with electronic spectroscopy may be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Esposito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Natasa Rohacs
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.,Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
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16
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Xin Q, An K, Zhang Y, Yun M, Wang S, Lin L, Ye H, Ding X, Li H, Zhang Y. Metal organic frameworks decorated membrane contactor constructing SO2-philic channels for efficient flue gas desulphurization. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Qin J, Li J. An accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface for the reaction OH + SO → H + SO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:487-497. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05206j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An accurate full-dimensional PES for the OH + SO ↔ H + SO2 reaction is developed by the permutation invariant polynomial-neural network approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
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18
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Wu Z, Wang L, Lu B, Eckhardt AK, Schreiner PR, Zeng X. Spectroscopic characterization and photochemistry of the vinylsulfinyl radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16307-16315. [PMID: 34313279 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The simplest α,β-unsaturated sulfinyl radical CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ has been generated in the gas phase by high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) of sulfoxide CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)S(O)CF3 at ca. 800 °C. Two planar cis and trans conformers of CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ were isolated in cryogenic matrixes (N2, Ne, and Ar) and characterized with IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. In addition to the photo-induced cis ⇋ trans conformational interconversion, CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ displays complex photochemistry. Upon irradiation with a purple light LED (400 nm), CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ isomerizes to novel radicals CH3SCO˙, ˙CH2SC(O)H, and ˙CH2C(O)SH with concomitant dissociation to a caged molecular complex CH3S˙CO. Subsequent UV-laser (266 nm) irradiation causes fragmentation to ˙CH3/OCS and additional formation of an elusive carbonyl radical CH3C(O)S˙, which rearranges to ˙CH2C(O)SH upon further UV-light irradiation (365 nm). The vibrational data and bonding analysis of the two conformers of CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ suggest that both are floppy radicals in which the unpaired electron conjugates with the vicinal π(C[double bond, length as m-dash]C) bond, leading to significant contribution of the canonical resonance form of ˙CH2-C(H)SO. The mechanism for the isomerization of CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ is discussed based on the observed intermediates along with a computed potential energy profile at the CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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19
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Chu X, Qian W, Lu B, Wang L, Qin J, Li J, Rauhut G, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Zeng X. The Triplet Hydroxyl Radical Complex of Phosphorus Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Chu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Weiyu Qian
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Bo Lu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6243 USA
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6243 USA
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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20
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Chu X, Qian W, Lu B, Wang L, Qin J, Li J, Rauhut G, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Zeng X. The Triplet Hydroxyl Radical Complex of Phosphorus Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21949-21953. [PMID: 33073924 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus monoxide (. PO) is a key intermediate in phosphorus chemistry, and its association with the hydroxyl radical (. OH) to yield metaphosphorous acid (cis-HOPO) contributes to the chemiluminescence in the combustion of phosphines. When photolyzing cis-HOPO in an Ar-matrix at 2.8 K, the simplest dioxophosphorane HPO2 and an elusive hydroxyl radical complex (HRC) of . PO form. This prototypical radical-radical complex reforms into cis-HOPO at above 12.0 K by overcoming a barrier of 0.28±0.02 kcal mol-1 . The vibrational spectra of this HRC and its D- and 18 O-isotopologues suggest a structure of . OH⋅⋅⋅OP. , for which a triplet spin multiplicity with a binding energy of -3.20 kcal mol-1 has been computed at the UCCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Chu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weiyu Qian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bo Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6243, USA
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6243, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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21
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Wang L, Wu Z, Lu B, Eckhardt AK, Schreiner PR, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Yao Q, Xie C, Guo H, Zeng X. Spectroscopic identification of the •SSNO isomers. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:094303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0020669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhuang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - André K. Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, USA
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, USA
| | - Qian Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Changjian Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Northwest University, Xian, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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22
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Chen C, Wang L, Zhao X, Wu Z, Bernhardt B, Eckhardt AK, Schreiner PR, Zeng X. Photochemistry of HNSO 2 in cryogenic matrices: spectroscopic identification of the intermediates and mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7975-7983. [PMID: 32236270 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00962h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules solely consisting of H, N, O, and S are highly relevant intermediates in atmospheric chemistry and biology. Even though several isomers of [HNO2S] have been computationally predicted, only the IR spectra for the two lowest-energy isomers HNSO2 and syn-syn HONSO have been previously reported. Herein, the photochemistry (193 nm laser) of HNSO2 in N2-, Ne-, and Ar-matrices (≤15 K) has been studied. Aside from syn-syn HONSO, several new isomers including anti-syn HONSO, gauche-syn HOSNO, syn HOS(O)N, anti HOS(O)N, syn HS(O)NO, anti HN(O)SO, gauche-syn HSONO, and an elusive caged-radical pair HOS˙˙NO have been identified. Additionally, the formation of fragments HONO, HO˙, ˙NO, and ˙NO2 has also been observed. The characterization of these species with matrix-isolation IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy is supported by 15N-labeling and quantum chemical computations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level. Furthermore, the photo-induced isomerization reactions, including the conformational conversion of syn-syn HONSO → anti-syn HONSO and reversible isomerization of HOSNO ↔ anti-syn HONSO, syn-syn HONSO ↔ HN(O)SO, HSONO ↔ HS(O)NO, and HOS˙˙NO ↔ HOSNO have also been observed, and the underlying mechanism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhuang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Bastian Bernhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - André K Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China. and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
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