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Ayurini M, Haridas D, Mendoza DJ, Garnier G, Hooper JF. RAFT Polymerisation by the Radical Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317071. [PMID: 37990056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The controlled grafting of polymers from small- and macro-molecular substrates is an essential process for many advanced polymer applications. This usually requires the pre-functionalisation of substrates with an appropriate functional group, such as a RAFT agent or ATRP initiator, which requires additional synthetic steps. In this paper, we describe the direct grafting of RAFT polymers from carboxylate containing small molecules and polymers via photochemical radical decarboxylation. This method utilises the innate functional groups present in the substrates, and achieves efficient polymer initiation in a single step with excellent control of molecular weight and dispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Ayurini
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Darsan Haridas
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - David Joram Mendoza
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Joel F Hooper
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Hayne DJ, Dharmasiri B, Stojcevski F, Eyckens DJ, Hooper JF, Henderson LC. Carbon fibre surface modification facilitated by silver-catalysed radical decarboxylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9860-9863. [PMID: 37490281 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
A silver catalysed radical decarboxylation process was used to graft a copolymer (4 : 1; methylacrylate/acrylic acid) onto short carbon fibres. Surface grafting was confirmed by XPS, SEM and TGA, suggesting that the polymer accounted for 10% of the modified materials mass. Incorporation of these surface enhanced carbon fibres into an epoxy resin gave composites demonstrating an increase in ductility and a clear change in failure mode from adhesive, at the fibre-matrix interface, to cohesive, within the matrix polymer itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hayne
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Bhagya Dharmasiri
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Filip Stojcevski
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Fisherman's Bend, Port Melbourne, Victoria 3207, Australia
| | - Daniel J Eyckens
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Joel F Hooper
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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Dadashi-Silab S, Stache EE. A Hydrometalation Initiation Mechanism via a Discrete Cobalt-Hydride for a Rapid and Controlled Radical Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13311-13318. [PMID: 35833653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) is a versatile technique for controlling the polymerization of vinyl monomers via reversible termination using CoII complexes as persistent radical deactivators. Here, we report a facile approach for the in situ generation of Co-H as a discrete initiator and mediator for CMRP of acrylate and acrylamide monomers, overcoming the limitations of existing initiation strategies. In situ oxidation of a CoII complex followed by transmetalation with silane generates a Co-H species, which initiates polymerization via hydrometalation of the monomer. This method precludes an induction period with excellent control over targeted molecular weight and dispersity. Strikingly, our approach allows complete polymerization when the induction period ends for conventional CMRP. A broad scope of monomers is amenable to this protocol, including acrylates and acrylamides. Tunable catalyst electronics afford tailored dispersity while maintaining agreement in molecular weight in stark contrast to conventional methods. Elimination of this induction period imbues polymerization behavior entirely to the catalyst electronic effects on reversible deactivation/activation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erin E Stache
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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