1
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Clarke BR, Witt CL, Ilton M, Crosby AJ, Watkins JJ, Tew GN. Bottlebrush Networks: A Primer for Advanced Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318220. [PMID: 38588310 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush networks (BBNs) are an exciting new class of materials with interesting physical properties derived from their unique architecture. While great strides have been made in our fundamental understanding of bottlebrush polymers and networks, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary for the field to accelerate advancements. This review aims to act as a primer to BBN chemistry and physics for both new and current members of the community. In addition to providing an overview of contemporary BBN synthetic methods, we developed a workflow and desktop application (LengthScale), enabling bottlebrush physics to be more approachable. We conclude by addressing several topical issues and asking a series of pointed questions to stimulate conversation within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Clarke
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - Connor L Witt
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - Mark Ilton
- Department of Physics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Alfred J Crosby
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - James J Watkins
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
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2
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Murphy E, Zhang C, Bates CM, Hawker CJ. Chromatographic Separation: A Versatile Strategy to Prepare Discrete and Well-Defined Polymer Libraries. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1202-1213. [PMID: 38530881 PMCID: PMC11025024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe preparation of discrete and well-defined polymers is an emerging strategy for emulating the remarkable precision achieved by macromolecular synthesis in nature. Although modern controlled polymerization techniques have unlocked access to a cornucopia of materials spanning a broad range of monomers, molecular weights, and architectures, the word "controlled" is not to be confused with "perfect". Indeed, even the highest-fidelity polymerization techniques─yielding molar mass dispersities in the vicinity of Đ = 1.05─unavoidably create a considerable degree of structural and/or compositional dispersity due to the statistical nature of chain growth. Such dispersity impacts many of the properties that researchers seek to control in the design of soft materials.The development of strategies to minimize or entirely eliminate dispersity and access molecularly precise polymers therefore remains a key contemporary challenge. While significant advances have been made in the realm of iterative synthetic methods that construct oligomers with an exact molecular weight, head-to-tail connectivity, and even stereochemistry via small-molecule organic chemistry, as the word "iterative" suggests, these techniques involve manually propagating monomers one reaction at a time, often with intervening protection and deprotection steps. As a result, these strategies are time-consuming, difficult to scale, and remain limited to lower molecular weights. The focus of this Account is on an alternative strategy that is more accessible to the general scientific community because of its simplicity, versatility, and affordability: chromatography. Researchers unfamiliar with the intricacies of synthesis may recall being exposed to chromatography in an undergraduate chemistry lab. This operationally simple, yet remarkably powerful, technique is most commonly encountered in the purification of small molecules through their selective (differential) adsorption to a column packed with a low-cost stationary phase, usually silica. Because the requisite equipment is readily available and the actual separation takes little time (on the order of 1 h), chromatography is used extensively in small-molecule chemistry throughout industry and academia alike. It is, therefore, perhaps surprising that similar types of chromatography are not more widely leveraged in the field of polymer science as well.Here, we discuss recent advances in using chromatography to control the structure and properties of polymeric materials. Emphasis is placed on the utility of an adsorption-based mechanism that separates polymers based on polarity and composition at tractable (gram) scales for materials science, in contrast to size exclusion, which is extremely common but typically analyzes very small quantities of a sample (∼1 mg) and is limited to separating by molar mass. Key concepts that are highlighted include (1) the separation of low-molecular-weight homopolymers into discrete oligomers (Đ = 1.0) with precise chain lengths and (2) the efficient fractionation of block copolymers into high-quality and widely varied libraries for accelerating materials discovery. In summary, the authors hope to convey the exciting possibilities in polymer science afforded by chromatography as a scalable, versatile, and even automated technique that unlocks new avenues of exploration into well-defined materials for a diverse assortment of researchers with different training and expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth
A. Murphy
- Materials
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, andMaterials Department, University of California
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Materials
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, andMaterials Department, University of California
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and Centre for Advanced
Imaging University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher M. Bates
- Materials
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, andMaterials Department, University of California
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, andMaterials Department, University of California
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
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3
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Hernández Velázquez JD, Alas SJ, Pérez E, Goicochea AG. Universal scaling of the osmotic pressure for dense, quasi-two-dimensionally confined polymer melts reveals transitions between fractal dimensions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:084907. [PMID: 38415832 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A scaling law for the osmotic pressure of quasi-two-dimensional polymer melts as a function of concentration is obtained, which shows fractal characteristics. Structural properties such as the chains' contour length and their inner-monomer pair distribution function display fractal scaling properties as well. These predictions are confirmed with mesoscale numerical simulations. The chains are swollen and highly entangled, yet Flory's exponent is always ν = 1/2. The melt can be considered a fluid of "blobs" whose size becomes renormalized in terms of the contour's length while the fractal dimension df increases monotonically between 5/4 and 2, as the monomer concentration is increased. The semidilute scaling of the pressure is recovered when df = 1. Our results agree with recent experiments and with numerical reports on quasi-2d melts. This work provides a new paradigm to study and interpret thermodynamic and structural data in low-dimensional polymer melts, namely as fractal macromolecular objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Hernández Velázquez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, 55210 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - S J Alas
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Cuajimalpa, 05300 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - E Pérez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78000 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - A Gama Goicochea
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, 55210 Estado de México, Mexico
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4
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Akash TS, Ishraaq R, Das S. All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Uncharged Linear Polymer Bottlebrushes: Effect of the Brush Sizes and the Number of Side-Chain Monomers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38295136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs), characterized by grafted polymer side chains on linear backbone polymer chain, have emerged as a unique and versatile class of macromolecules with extensive applications in the fields of material science, electronics, battery materials, self-healing technology, etc. In this paper, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to present a comprehensive study of poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PMMA-g-PEtOx) BBP and its structural and hydration properties for varying number of backbone monomers (NBB) and side chain monomers (NSC), as well as properties of water molecules supported by the BBP. We find that the radius of gyration follows a scaling of Rg ∼NSC0.36 for smaller grafts and Rg ∼ NSC0.52-0.58 for longer grafts. We also find that the overall shape of the bottlebrush goes from a rod to sphere-like shape with the increase in NSC. Both the hydration per side chain monomer and hydrogen bonds (HBs) per oxygen and nitrogen of the side chain monomer reduce with an increase in NSC, caused by a corresponding enhancement in localization of the side chain monomers in the interior of the BBP. Furthermore, steric influences ensure the number of water-oxygen HBs is much more than the number of water-nitrogen HBs (with oxygen and nitrogen atoms belonging to the monomer side chains). Also, the BBP-supported water molecules demonstrate two distinctly ordered domains with one more structured and one less structured. The more structured domain disappears with an increase in NSC that causes more side chain monomers to localize in the interior of the BBPs. Finally, we observe that despite the highly negative partial charges of the oxygen and nitrogen atoms (of the side chain monomers), the dipole orientation distributions of water molecules around these atoms exhibit the presence of a neutral environment rather than an anionic environment. Overall, we anticipate that our study will generate significant interest in probing the various BBP systems in greater atomistic detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sarkar Akash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Raashiq Ishraaq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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5
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Huang Y, Zhao C, Zhang B, Li H, Zhao J. Marriage of Organic and Grubbs Catalysts for Tandem Synthesis of Bottlebrush Polyesters. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1711-1717. [PMID: 38039396 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) have gained wide attention for their special characters, such as rigid main/side chains, stemming from the exceedingly high graft density. This study aims to provide a simple synthetic approach to BBPs with polyester side chains by merging ring-opening alternating copolymerization (ROAP) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). A simple phosphazene base (tBuP1) is employed for the ROAP of phthalic anhydride and epoxide, after which Grubbs third-generation catalyst (G3) is added to in situ switch on ROMP of the macromonomer, i.e., norbornenyl-ended alternating polyester. The compatibility of tBuP1 with G3 and well-controlled ROMP is evidenced by DOSY-NMR of mixed catalysts, characterization of BBPs, and side-chain degradation. The method can also be extended to BBPs with one-step synthesized block copolyesters side chains. These results highlight the strength of the non-nucleophilic organobase catalyst for convenient construction of complex (degradable) polymers with compositional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenke Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Boru Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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6
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Resendiz-Lara DA, Azhdari S, Gojzewski H, Gröschel AH, Wurm FR. Water-soluble polyphosphonate-based bottlebrush copolymers via aqueous ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11273-11282. [PMID: 37860667 PMCID: PMC10583743 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a versatile method for synthesizing complex macromolecules from various functional monomers. In this work, we report the synthesis of water-soluble and degradable bottlebrush polymers, based on polyphosphoesters (PPEs) via ROMP. First, PPE-macromonomers were synthesized via organocatalytic anionic ring-opening polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane using N-(hydroxyethyl)-cis-5-norbornene-exo-2,3-dicarboximide as the initiator and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as the catalyst. The resulting norbornene-based macromonomers had degrees of polymerization (DPn) ranging from 25 to 243 and narrow molar mass dispersity (Đ ≤ 1.10). Subsequently, these macromonomers were used in ROMP with the Grubbs 3rd-generation bispyridyl complex (Ru-G3) to produce a library of well-defined bottlebrush polymers. The ROMP was carried out either in dioxane or in aqueous conditions, resulting in well-defined and water-soluble bottlebrush PPEs. Furthermore, a two-step protocol was employed to synthesize double hydrophilic diblock bottlebrush copolymers via ROMP in water at neutral pH-values. This general protocol enabled the direct combination of PPEs with ROMP to synthesize well-defined bottlebrush polymers and block copolymers in water. Degradation of the PPE side chains was proven resulting in low molar mass degradation products only. The biocompatible and biodegradable nature of PPEs makes this pathway promising for designing novel biomedical drug carriers or viscosity modifiers, as well as many other potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Resendiz-Lara
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Suna Azhdari
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Physical Chemistry, University of Münster Corrensstraße 28-30 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Hubert Gojzewski
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Andre H Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry, University of Münster Corrensstraße 28-30 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
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7
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Malik MI. Novel epoxy-terminated macromonomers and their polymerization for synthesis of bottle-brush type amphiphilic block copolymers. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28288-28298. [PMID: 37767115 PMCID: PMC10521365 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05912j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Architecture of polymers has vital implications for their physical properties and applications. In this study, synthesis of a series of novel epoxy-terminated macromonomers namely Ep-DEGMME, Ep-TEGMME, Ep-EGMEE, Ep-EGMBE, and Ep-EGMHE is reported. The synthesized macromonomers vary in number of ethylene oxide units and length of the alkyl group. These macromonomers are first homopolymerized by anionic ring-opening polymerization for synthesis of homopolymers of a molar mass range. Subsequently, these macromonomers with different lengths of two segments (alkyl group and ethylene oxide units) are copolymerized with other monomers for synthesis of bottle-brush type architectures. In the first case, di- and tri-block copolymers of Ep-EGMBE are synthesized while using MeO-PEG or PEG as a macroinitiator; the resulting block copolymers have hydrophilic handle and hydrophobic brush. On the same lines, block copolymers of Ep-TEGMME with ε-caprolactone have hydrophobic handle and hydrophilic brush. The synthesized block copolymers are comprehensively characterized by SEC and liquid chromatography at critical conditions. The analysis reveals the successful synthesis of block copolymers while providing information on relative total molar mass, and individual block lengths of the block copolymers, along with amount of unwanted homopolymers in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Malik
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
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8
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Mekcham S, Nomura K. Synthesis of Bottlebrush Polymers by Z-/ E-Specific Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization, Exhibiting Different Thermal Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17001-17006. [PMID: 37498370 PMCID: PMC10416215 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) and block copolymers by Z-/E-specific living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of N-substituted-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximides containing long alkyl chains (n-octadecyl, n-tetradecyl, etc.) has been attained by the vanadium(V)-alkylidene catalysts V(CHSiMe3)(ArN)[OC(CF3)3](PMe3)2 [Ar = 2,6-Cl2C6H3 (1), C6F5 (2)] and V(CHSiMe3)(2,6-F2C6H3N)(OC6Cl5)(PMe3)2 (3). The ROMPs using 1 afforded the BBPs with exclusive Z selectivity (98 to >99% cis) even at high temperature (up to 80 °C) in the presence of PMe3, whereas the ROMPs using 3 gave the BBPs with high E selectivity (90% trans). These ROMPs proceeded in a living manner (even at 80 °C using 1), affording various (amphiphilic) block copolymers while maintaining high E/Z selectivity. The resultant Z- and E-selective BBPs especially prepared from N-(n-octadecyl)norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide possessed different melting temperatures due to different degrees of interpolymer alkyl side chain interaction (side chain crystallization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirilak Mekcham
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo
Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo
Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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9
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Rappoport S, Chrysostomou V, Kafetzi M, Pispas S, Talmon Y. Self-Aggregation in Aqueous Media of Amphiphilic Diblock and Random Block Copolymers Composed of Monomers with Long Side Chains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3380-3390. [PMID: 36802652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic diblock copolymers and hydrophobically modified random block copolymers can self-assemble into different structures in a selective solvent. The formed structures depend on the copolymer properties, such as the ratio between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic segments and their nature. In this work, we characterize by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) the amphiphilic copolymers poly(2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA-b-PLMA) and their quaternized derivatives QPDMAEMA-b-PLMA at different ratios between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic segments. We present the various structures formed by these copolymers, including spherical and cylindrical micelles, as well as unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles. We also examined by these methods the random diblock copolymers poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (P(DMAEMA-co-Q6/12DMAEMA)-b-POEGMA), which are partially hydrophobically modified by iodohexane (Q6) or iodododecane (Q12). The polymers with a small POEGMA block did not form any specific nanostructure, while a polymer with a larger POEGMA block formed spherical and cylindrical micelles. This nanostructural characterization could lead to the efficient design and use of these polymers as carriers of hydrophobic or hydrophilic compounds for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Rappoport
- Department of Chemical Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Varvara Chrysostomou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Martha Kafetzi
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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10
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Gan Z, Zhou D, Ma Z, Xu M, Xu Z, He J, Zhou J, Dong XH. Local Chain Feature Mandated Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:487-497. [PMID: 36572645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates an effective and robust approach to regulate phase behaviors of a block copolymer by programming local features into otherwise homogeneous linear chains. A library of sequence-defined, isomeric block copolymers with globally the same composition but locally different side chain patterns were elaborately designed and prepared through an iterative convergent growth method. The precise chemical structure and uniform chain length rule out all inherent molecular defects associated with statistical distribution. The local features are found to exert surprisingly pronounced impacts on the self-assembly process, which have yet to be well recognized. While other molecular parameters remain essentially the same, simply rearranging a few methylene units among the alkyl side chains leads to strikingly different phase behaviors, bringing about (i) a rich diversity of nanostructures across hexagonally packed cylinders, Frank-Kasper A15 phase, Frank-Kasper σ phase, dodecagonal quasicrystals, and disordered state; (ii) a significant change of lattice dimension; and (iii) a substantial shift of order-to-disorder transition temperature (up to 40 °C). Different from the commonly observed enthalpy-dominated cases, the frustration due to the divergence between the native molecular geometry originating from side chain distribution and the local packing environment mandated by lattice symmetry is believed to play a pivotal role. Engineering the local chain feature introduces another level of structural complexity, opening up a new and effective pathway for modulating phase transition without changing the chemistry or composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Gan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhuang Ma
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Miao Xu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhuoqi Xu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiawen He
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xue-Hui Dong
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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11
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Kamble YL, Walsh DJ, Guironnet D. Precision of Architecture-Controlled Bottlebrush Polymer Synthesis: A Monte Carlo Analysis. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yash Laxman Kamble
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Dylan J. Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
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12
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Murphy EA, Chen YQ, Albanese K, Blankenship JR, Abdilla A, Bates MW, Zhang C, Bates CM, Hawker CJ. Efficient Creation and Morphological Analysis of ABC Triblock Terpolymer Libraries. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Murphy
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - Yan-Qiao Chen
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - Kaitlin Albanese
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - Jacob R. Blankenship
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - Allison Abdilla
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - Morgan W. Bates
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Christopher M. Bates
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
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Saito Y, Honda R, Akashi S, Takimoto H, Nagao M, Miura Y, Hoshino Y. Polymer Nanoparticles with Uniform Monomer Sequences for Sequence‐Specific Peptide Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206456. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Saito
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ryutaro Honda
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Sotaro Akashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hinata Takimoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masanori Nagao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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14
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Saito Y, Honda R, Akashi S, Takimoto H, Nagao M, Miura Y, Hoshino Y. Polymer Nanoparticles with Uniform Monomer Sequences for Sequence Specific Peptide Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Saito
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering JAPAN
| | - Ryutaro Honda
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering JAPAN
| | - Sotaro Akashi
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering JAPAN
| | - Hinata Takimoto
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering JAPAN
| | - Masanori Nagao
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering JAPAN
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering 744 MotookaNishi-kuFukuoka 8190001 JAPAN
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Kyushu University Department of Chemical Engineering 744 Motooka 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
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15
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Ma H, Ha S, Jeong J, Wang V, Kim KT. Synthesis of discrete bottlebrush polymers via the iterative convergent growth technique and post-functionalization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of discrete bottlebrush polymers (Step 1: Iterative convergent growth. Step 2: Post-functionalization using thiol–ene click chemistry.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sungmin Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jisu Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Valene Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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16
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Dearman M, Ogbonna ND, Amofa CA, Peters AJ, Lawrence J. Versatile strategies to tailor the glass transition temperatures of bottlebrush polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00819j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The glass transition temperature (Tg) of bottlebrush polymers can be controlled via side-chain length, blend composition and brush topology. Elucidating interactions between these parameters and their design rules enables accurate targeting of Tg at arbitrary molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dearman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA
| | - Nduka D. Ogbonna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA
| | - Chamberlain A. Amofa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA
| | - Andrew J. Peters
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, 71272, USA
| | - Jimmy Lawrence
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA
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