1
|
Wang H, Zheng Q, Dong A, Wang J, Si J. Chemical Constituents, Biological Activities, and Proposed Biosynthetic Pathways of Steroidal Saponins from Healthy Nutritious Vegetable- Allium. Nutrients 2023; 15:2233. [PMID: 37432450 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium is a common functional vegetable with edible and medicinal value. Allium plants have a special spicy taste, so they are often used as food and seasoning in people's diets. As a functional food, Allium also has abundant biological activities, some of which are used as drugs to treat diseases. By consuming Allium on a daily basis, people can receive active compounds of natural origin, thereby improving their health status and reducing the likelihood of disease. Steroidal saponins are important secondary metabolites of Allium, which are formed by the steroidal aglycone group and sugar. Steroidal saponins have various physiological activities, such as hypoglycemic, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and enzyme activity inhibition, which is one of the key reasons why Allium has such significant health benefits. The structural diversity and rich biological activities of steroidal saponins make Allium important plants for both food and medicine. In this paper, the chemical structures, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships of steroidal saponins isolated from Allium are reviewed, and the biosynthetic pathways of some key compounds are proposed as well, to provide a molecular reference basis based on secondary metabolites for the health value of Allium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aijun Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junchi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Si
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roles of Essential Oils, Polyphenols, and Saponins of Medicinal Plants as Natural Additives and Anthelmintics in Ruminant Diets: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040767. [PMID: 36830554 PMCID: PMC9951870 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Public awareness on health and safety issues in using antibiotics for livestock production has led many countries to ban the use of all growth-promoting antibiotics (GPA) for livestock feeding. The ban on the utilization of antibiotics in livestock, on the other hand, is an opportunity for researchers and livestock practitioners to develop alternative feed additives that are safe for both livestock and the consumers of animal derived foods. Many feed additives were developed from a number of plants that contain secondary metabolites, such as essential oils, polyphenols, and saponins. These secondary metabolites are extracted from various parts of many types of plants for their uses as feed additives and anthelmintics. Recent investigations on using essential oils, polyphenols, and saponins as dietary additives and anthelmintics demonstrate that they can increase not only the production and health of ruminants but also ensure the safety of the resulting foods. There are many publications on the advantageous impacts of dietary plant bioactive components on ruminants; however, a comprehensive review on individual bioactive constituents of each plant secondary metabolites along with their beneficial effects as feed additives and anthelmintics on ruminants is highly required. This current study reviewed the individual bioactive components of different plant secondary metabolites and their functions as additives and anthelmintics to improve ruminant production and health, with respect to safety, affordability and efficiency, using a systematic review procedure.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang DB, Wei XY. Steroidal Glycosides from Allium tuberosum Seeds and Their Roles in Promoting Testosterone Production of Rat Leydig Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225464. [PMID: 33266475 PMCID: PMC7700350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic phytochemical study on the components in the seeds of Allium tuberosum was performed, leading to the isolation of 27 steroidal glycosides (SGs 1–27). The structures of SGs were identified mainly by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometries as well as the necessary chemical evidence. In the SGs, 1–10 and 22–26 are new steroidal saponin analogues. An in vitro bioassay indicates that 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 13–15, 20, 23, and 26 display promotional roles in testosterone production of rat Leydig cells with the EC50 values of 1.0 to 4.5 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China;
- Jiangsu Hanbon Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Huaian 223005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China;
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Compounds Isolated from the Rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102631. [PMID: 30322157 PMCID: PMC6222787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen unreported compounds in Anemarrhena asphodeloides, iriflophene (3), hostaplantagineoside C (7), tuberoside G (8), spicatoside B (9), platycodin D (14), platycoside A (15), platycodin D2 (16), polygalacin D2 (17), platycodin D3 (18), isovitexin (20), vitexin (21), 3,4-dihydroxyallylbenzene-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (22), iryptophan (24), adenosine (25), α-d-Glucose monoallyl ether (26), together with eleven known compounds (1, 2, 4⁻6, 10⁻13, 19 and 23), were isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. The chemical structures of these compounds were characterized using HRMS and NMR. The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds were evaluated by investigating their ability to inhibit LPS-induced NO production in N9 microglial cells. Timosaponin BIII (TBIII) and trans-hinokiresinol (t-HL) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the NO production in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 11.91 and 39.08 μM, respectively. Immunoblotting demonstrated that TBIII and t-HL suppressed NO production by inhibiting the expressions of iNOS in LPS-stimulated N9 microglial cells. Further results revealed that pretreatment of N9 microglial cells with TBIII and t-HL attenuated the LPS-induced expression tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) at mRNAs and protein levels. Moreover, the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways were inhibited by TBIII and t-HL, respectively. Our findings indicate that the therapeutic implication of TBIII and t-HL for neurogenerative disease associated with neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fang YS, Cai L, Li Y, Wang JP, Xiao H, Ding ZT. Spirostanol steroids from the roots of Allium tuberosum. Steroids 2015; 100:1-4. [PMID: 25836597 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three new spirostanol saponins named tuberosines A-C (1-3), together with three known ones tuberoside O (4), 25(S)-Schidigera-saponin D5 (5), and shatavarin IV (6) were isolated from the roots of Allium tuberosum. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Whereas compounds 5 and 6 exhibited potent antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis (32 μg/mL) and Escherichia coli (16 μg/mL), the new saponin 2 showed only moderate antibacterial activities against these pathogens. The relationship between the antibacterial activities and the structures of these saponins are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Le Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jia-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Huai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
New insights into the chemical and biochemical basis of the "yang-invigorating" action of chinese yang-tonic herbs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:856273. [PMID: 25610483 PMCID: PMC4295141 DOI: 10.1155/2014/856273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the practice of traditional Chinese medicine, many Yang-tonic herbs have been used for retarding the decline in bodily function and delaying the onset of age-related diseases. Our earlier studies have demonstrated that Yang-invigorating herbs/formulations protect against oxidative injury in various organs and also extend the median lifespan in mice. This lifespan extension was associated with an upregulation of cellular antioxidant status including that of mitochondria whose functional capacity is also increased by “Yang-invigorating” herbs/formulations. In this paper, we propose that triterpenes and phytosterols, which are ubiquitously found in Yang-tonic herbs, may be the chemical entities responsible for enhancing mitochondrial functional and antioxidant capacity and thus the “Yang-invigorating” action. The biochemical mechanism underlying this “Yang-invigorating” action may involve a sustained production of low levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to an increased activity of the electron transport chain, with the possible involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling. The increase in mitochondrial functional capacity can retard the decline in bodily function during aging, whereas the mitochondrial ROS production is instrumental in eliciting a glutathione antioxidant response via redox-sensitive signaling pathways, which can delay the onset of age-related diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sobolewska D, Michalska K, Podolak I, Grabowska K. Steroidal saponins from the genus Allium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 15:1-35. [PMID: 26893594 PMCID: PMC4735241 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins are widely distributed among monocots, including the Amaryllidaceae family to which the Allium genus is currently classified. Apart from sulfur compounds, these are important biologically active molecules that are considered to be responsible for the observed activity of Allium species, including antifungal, cytotoxic, enzyme-inhibitory, and other. In this paper, literature data concerning chemistry and biological activity of steroidal saponins from the Allium genus has been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Sobolewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Michalska
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Li CJ, Yuan L, Ji TF, Yang JB, Wang AG, Su YL. Furostanol saponins from the seeds of Allium cepa L. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:56-63. [PMID: 25192608 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Allium cepa L. is one of the most widely cultivated and used plants. In addition to its bulb (onion), which is used as food in many cultures, the seeds of A. cepa L. are used as a traditional herbal medicine by the Uygur nationality in China to treat diarrhea and promote blood flow. In a bioactivity-screening, the ethanol extract of seeds of A. cepa L. showed inhibitory effects on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme, with 81.1% inhibition. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of red onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds led to the isolation of eight new furostanol saponins, named ceparosides E-L (1-8). Their structures were established using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chemical methods. Compounds 1-8 were screened for inhibitory effects on the PTP1B enzyme and cytotoxic activity against five human cells, including HCT-8, Bel-7402, BGC-823, A549 and A2780, but all were found to be inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng-Fei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Guo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Lun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Hu G, Lu Y, Yu W, Ding Q, Yang Q, Zhou J, Ma Z. A Steroidal Saponin from the Seeds of Allium tuberosum. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- N P Sahu
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guohua H, Yanhua L, Rengang M, Dongzhi W, Zhengzhi M, Hua Z. Aphrodisiac properties of Allium tuberosum seeds extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:579-582. [PMID: 19429330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we examined the effect of Allium tuberosum seeds extract upon the expression of male rat sexual behavior, in order to know whether Allium tuberosum seeds extract possess aphrodisiac property. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aphrodisiac activity of Allium tuberosum seeds n-BuOH extract was investigated in male rats. The extract (500 mg/kg body weight/day) and L-dopa (100 mg/kg body weight/day) were administered orally by gavages for 40 days. Mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculation latency (EL),mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation frequency (EF) and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) were the parameters observed before and during the sexual behavior study at day 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40. RESULTS The n-BuOH extract reduced significantly ML, IL, EL and PEI (p < 0.05). The extract also increased significantly MF, IF and EF (p < 0.05). These effects were observed in sexually active and inactive male rats. CONCLUSIONS Present findings provide experimental evidence that the n-BuOH extract preparation of Allium tuberosum seeds possesses aphrodisiac property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Guohua
- College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Yuan L, Ji TF, Li CJ, Wang AG, Yang JB, Su YL. Two new steroidal saponins from the seeds of Allium cepa L. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2009; 11:213-218. [PMID: 19408144 DOI: 10.1080/10286020802696411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two new steroidal saponins, ceparosides C (1) and D (2), have been isolated from the seeds of Allium cepa L. Their structures have been established as 26-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(25R)-furost-5,20(22)-dien-3beta,26-diol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1) and 26-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(25S)-furost-5,20(22)-dien-3beta, 26-diol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2) by means of spectral and chemical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kareru PG, Keriko JM, Gachanja AN, Kenji GM. Direct detection of triterpenoid saponins in medicinal plants. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2007; 5:56-60. [PMID: 20162056 PMCID: PMC2816600 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v5i1.31257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is reported in this paper. Crude dry plant powders were mixed with potassium bromide (KBr) powder and compressed to a thin pellet for infrared examination. FTIR spectra of the test samples showed -OH, -C=O, C-H, and C=C absorptions characteristic of oleanane triterpenoid saponins. The C-O-C absorptions indicated glycoside linkages to the sapogenins. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of saponins in the tested specimens. Entada leptostachya was used as a reference sample. Dry plant powder was extracted sequentially with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. FTIR spectra of the reference sample powder and its organic solvent extracts showed characteristic saponin absorption peaks. These results indicated that direct detection of saponins in medicinal plants was possible by infrared analysis. Lengthy exhaustive chemical analyses necessary for detection of saponins could be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G Kareru
- Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. BOX 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li J, Bi X, Zheng G, Hitoshi Y, Ikeda T, Nohara T. Steroidal Glycosides and Aromatic Compounds from Smilax riparia. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:1451-4. [PMID: 17015989 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new steroidal glycosides named riparosides A (1) and B (2), and two aromatic compounds (3, 4), together with four known flavonoid derivatives have been isolated from the EtOH extract of the rhizomes and roots of Smilax riparia A. DC. The structure of riparoside A (1) was determined to be 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 3beta,20alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-furost-22(23)-ene 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Riparoside B (2) was characterized as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 3beta,16beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one 16-O-[5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentanoic acid]-ester 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Compounds 3 and 4 were elucidated as a sucrosyl ferulic acid ester and 7-O-methyl-10-oxythymol gentiobioside, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sparg SG, Light ME, van Staden J. Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 94:219-43. [PMID: 15325725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant saponins are widely distributed amongst plants and have a wide range of biological properties. The more recent investigations and findings into their biological activities were summarized. Isolation studies of saponins were examined to determine which are the more commonly studied plant families and in which families saponins have been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Sparg
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ikeda T, Tsumagari H, Okawa M, Nohara T. Pregnane- and Furostane-Type Oligoglycosides from the Seeds of Allium tuberosum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:142-5. [PMID: 14709884 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two furostane-type steroidal oligoglycosides (1, 2), together with a new pregnane-type oligoglycoside (3), were obtained from the seeds of Allium tuberosum ROTTLER. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, the structures of three new oligoglycosides (1-3) were elucidated as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-3beta,22xi,26-trihydroxyl-5alpha-furostane 3-O-beta-chacotrioside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-3beta,5beta,6alpha,22xi,26-pentahydroxyl-5beta-furostane 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 3beta,5beta,6alpha,16beta-tetrahydroxypregnane 16-(5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoyl-4(S)-methyl-5-hydroxypentanoic acid) ester, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ikeda
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sang SM, Zou ML, Zhang XW, Lao AN, Chen ZL. Tuberoside M, a new cytotoxic spirostanol saponin from the seeds of Allium tuberosum. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2002; 4:69-72. [PMID: 11995668 DOI: 10.1080/10286020290019721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tuberoside M (1), isolated from the seeds of Allium tuberosum, shows a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) with IC50 value of 6.8 microg/ml. On the basis of spectral data and chemical reaction, its structure was established as (25S)-5beta-spirostane-1beta,3beta-diol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Sang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|