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Wang D, Li Y. Pharmacological effects of baicalin in lung diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1188202. [PMID: 37168996 PMCID: PMC10164968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids baicalin and baicalein were discovered in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and are primarily used in traditional Chinese medicine, herbal supplements and healthcare. Recently, accumulated investigations have demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of baicalin in treating various lung diseases due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, and antiviral effects. In this review, the PubMed database and ClinicalTrials website were searched with the search string "baicalin" and "lung" for articles published between September 1970 and March 2023. We summarized the therapeutic role that baicalin plays in a variety of lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary infections, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung cancer. We also discussed the underlying mechanisms of baicalin targeting in these lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoning Wang
- Chengdu Hi-tech Nanxili Jiuzheng Clinic, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Chengdu Hi-tech Nanxili Jiuzheng Clinic, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Li, /
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Xiang L, Gao Y, Chen S, Sun J, Wu J, Meng X. Therapeutic potential of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in lung cancer therapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:153727. [PMID: 34535372 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer associated mortalities. The current conventional chemotherapy remains the preferred treatment option for lung cancer, as surgical resection plays little role in the treatment of over 75% of lung cancer patients. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel potential therapeutic drugs or adjuvants with a high efficiency and safety against lung cancer. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a common Chinese medicinal herb that has been in use for more than 2000 years, has recently been shown to possess significant activities against lung cancer. However, current research progress on pharmacological effects and relevant molecular mechanisms of S. baicalensis in lung cancer therapy have not been systematically summarized. PURPOSE This review aimed at elucidating on the anti-lung cancer mechanisms and antitumor efficacies of S. baicalensis as well as its active ingredients, and providing a valuable reference for further investigation in this field. METHODS We used "Scutellaria baicalensis" or the name of the compound in S. baicalensis, in combination with "lung cancer" as key words to systematically search for relevant literature from the Web of Science and PubMed databases. Publications that investigated molecular mechanisms were the only ones selected for analysis. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS Fifty-four publications met the inclusion criteria for this study. Five anti-lung cancer mechanisms of S. baicalensis and its constituent components are discussed. These mechanisms include apoptosis induction, cell-cycle arrest, suppression of proliferation, blockade of invasion and metastasis, and overcoming drug-resistance. These compounds exhibited high antitumor efficacies and safety against lung cancer xenografts. CONCLUSION Studies should aim at elucidating on the anti-cancer mechanisms of S. baicalensis to achieve the ultimate goal of lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Epigenetic Silencing of the Human 18 kDa Translocator Protein in a T Cell Leukemia Cell Line. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:103-108. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Liu GJ, Middleton RJ, Kam WWY, Chin DY, Hatty CR, Chan RHY, Banati RB. Functional gains in energy and cell metabolism after TSPO gene insertion. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:436-447. [PMID: 28103132 PMCID: PMC5351937 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1281477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent loss-of-function studies in tissue-specific as well as global Tspo (Translocator Protein 18 kDa) knockout mice have not confirmed its long assumed indispensability for the translocation of cholesterol across the mitochondrial inter-membrane space, a rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis. Instead, recent studies in global Tspo knockout mice indicate that TSPO may play a more fundamental role in cellular bioenergetics, which may include the indirect down-stream regulation of transport or metabolic functions. To examine whether overexpression of the TSPO protein alters the cellular bioenergetic profile, Jurkat cells with low to absent endogenous expression were transfected with a TSPO construct to create a stable cell line with de novo expression of exogenous TSPO protein. Expression of TSPO was confirmed by RT-qPCR, radioligand binding with [3H]PK11195 and immunocytochemistry with a TSPO antibody. We demonstrate that TSPO gene insertion causes increased transcription of genes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Furthermore, TSPO insertion increased mitochondrial ATP production as well as cell excitability, reflected in a decrease in patch clamp recorded rectified K channel currents. These functional changes were accompanied by an increase in cell proliferation and motility, which were inhibited by PK11195, a selective ligand for TSPO. We suggest that TSPO may serve a range of functions that can be viewed as downstream regulatory effects of its primary, evolutionary conserved role in cell metabolism and energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Liu
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia.,b Faculty of Health Science and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Ryan J Middleton
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia
| | - Winnie Wai-Ying Kam
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia.,c Department of Health Technology and Informatics , Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong , China
| | - David Y Chin
- d NCRIS Biologics Facility, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland , QLD , Australia
| | - Claire R Hatty
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia.,b Faculty of Health Science and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Ronald H Y Chan
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia.,b Faculty of Health Science and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Richard B Banati
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia.,b Faculty of Health Science and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney , NSW , Australia
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Deng J, Wang DX, Liang AL, Tang J, Xiang DK. Effects of baicalin on alveolar fluid clearance and α-ENaC expression in rats with LPS-induced acute lung injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:122-128. [PMID: 27992235 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin has been reported to attenuate lung edema in the process of lung injury. However, the effect of baicalin on alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) expression has not been tested. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and intratracheally injected with either 1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline vehicle. Baicalin with various concentrations (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before administration of LPS. Then lungs were isolated for measurement of AFC, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level, and cellular localization of α-ENaC. Moreover, mouse alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cell line was incubated with baicalin (30 μmol/L), adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 (10 μmol/L), or cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (PKA) KT5720 (0.3 μmol/L) 15 min before LPS (1 μg/mL) incubation. Protein expression of α-ENaC was detected by Western blot. Baicalin increased cAMP concentration and AFC in a dose-dependent manner in rats with LPS-induced acute lung injury. The increase of AFC induced by baicalin was associated with an increase in the abundance of α-ENaC protein. SQ22536 and KT5720 prevented the increase of α-ENaC expression caused by baicalin in vitro. These findings suggest that baicalin prevents LPS-induced reduction of AFC by upregulating α-ENaC protein expression, which is activated by stimulating cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Deng
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jiangbei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Dao-Xin Wang
- b Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Ling Liang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jiangbei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jiangbei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-Kai Xiang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jiangbei District, Chongqing, China
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Kam WWY, McNamara AL, Lake V, Banos C, Davies JB, Kuncic Z, Banati RB. Predicted ionisation in mitochondria and observed acute changes in the mitochondrial transcriptome after gamma irradiation: A Monte Carlo simulation and quantitative PCR study. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:736-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kam WWY, Lake V, Banos C, Davies J, Banati R. Apparent polyploidization after gamma irradiation: pitfalls in the use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the estimation of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA gene copy numbers. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11544-59. [PMID: 23722662 PMCID: PMC3709747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been widely used to quantify changes in gene copy numbers after radiation exposure. Here, we show that gamma irradiation ranging from 10 to 100 Gy of cells and cell-free DNA samples significantly affects the measured qPCR yield, due to radiation-induced fragmentation of the DNA template and, therefore, introduces errors into the estimation of gene copy numbers. The radiation-induced DNA fragmentation and, thus, measured qPCR yield varies with temperature not only in living cells, but also in isolated DNA irradiated under cell-free conditions. In summary, the variability in measured qPCR yield from irradiated samples introduces a significant error into the estimation of both mitochondrial and nuclear gene copy numbers and may give spurious evidence for polyploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W. Y. Kam
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia; E-Mails: (V.L.); (C.B.); (J.D.); (R.B.)
- Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Cumberland, Sydney, New South Wales 2141, Australia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +61-2-9717-7241; Fax: +61-2-9717-9262
| | - Vanessa Lake
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia; E-Mails: (V.L.); (C.B.); (J.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Connie Banos
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia; E-Mails: (V.L.); (C.B.); (J.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Justin Davies
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia; E-Mails: (V.L.); (C.B.); (J.D.); (R.B.)
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia; E-Mails: (V.L.); (C.B.); (J.D.); (R.B.)
- Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Cumberland, Sydney, New South Wales 2141, Australia
- National Imaging Facility at Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI), University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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Green fluorescent protein alters the transcriptional regulation of human mitochondrial genes after gamma irradiation. J Fluoresc 2013; 23:613-9. [PMID: 23475276 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-013-1206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Green fluorescent proteins (GFP), extensively used as reporters in biological and imaging studies, are assumed to be mostly biologically inert. Here, we test the assumption in regard to the transcriptional regulation of 18 mitochondrially encoded genes in GFP expressing human T-cell line (JURKAT cells) exposed to gamma radiation. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrate that wild type and GFP expressing JURKAT cells have different baseline mitochondrial transcript expression (10 out of the 18 tested genes) and after a single dose of radiation (100 Gy) show a significantly different transcriptional regulation of their mitochondrial genes. While in wild type cells, ten of the tested genes are up-regulated in response to radiation exposure, GFP expressing cells show less transcriptional regulation with a small down-regulation in five genes. Our results indicate that the presence of GFP in the cytoplasm can alter the cellular response to ionizing radiation.
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Waisundara VY, Siu SY, Hsu A, Huang D, Tan BKH. Baicalin upregulates the genetic expression of antioxidant enzymes in Type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Life Sci 2011; 88:1016-25. [PMID: 21439975 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The primary purpose of this study was to characterize and investigate the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of the flavonoid baicalin in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. MAIN METHODS Four groups of Goto-Kakizaki rats (n=6) were subjected to the following oral treatments for 30 days: (1) metformin - 500 mg/kg (2) baicalin - 120 mg/kg (3) metformin 500 mg/kg and baicalin - 120 mg/kg (4) vehicle treated diabetic controls receiving distilled water. The plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl contents were measured on a weekly basis. Following the completion of the treatment, the rats were sacrificed and their blood, heart, pancreatic and hepatic tissues were collected for analysis. The antioxidant enzyme activities as well as their expression were quantified using Western Blot, microarray and RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS The respective analyses showed that the baicalin- and the metformin and baicalin-treated groups had statistically significant increases (p <0.05) in the activity and expression of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) compared with vehicle- and metformin-treated groups. Further complementing the antioxidant enzyme activity increases, the oxidative stress markers of plasma lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl contents were reduced in these groups as well. These treatment groups also had reduced plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared with vehicle-treated and metformin-treated groups (p <0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Baicalin was an efficient antioxidant in reducing hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress through the increased expression of antioxidant enzyme activities. It was also an efficient anti-hypertriglyceridemic as well as anti-hypercholesterolemic agent compared with metformin.
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Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Jiang W, Yang D, Wu H. Encapsulation of β-Glucuronidase in Biomimetic Alginate Capsules for Bioconversion of Baicalin to Baicalein. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0613218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Adams LS, Seeram NP, Hardy ML, Carpenter C, Heber D. Analysis of the interactions of botanical extract combinations against the viability of prostate cancer cell lines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2006; 3:117-24. [PMID: 16550232 PMCID: PMC1375246 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nel001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are often combinations of botanical extracts that are assumed to have additive or synergistic effects. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effect of individual botanical extracts with combinations of extracts on prostate cell viability. We then modeled the interactions between botanical extracts in combination isobolographically. Scutellaria baicalensis, Rabdosia rubescens, Panax-pseudo ginseng, Dendranthema morifolium, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Serenoa repens were collected, taxonomically identified and extracts prepared. Effects of the extracts on cell viability were quantitated in prostate cell lines using a luminescent ATP cell viability assay. Combinations of two botanical extracts of the four most active extracts were tested in the 22Rv1 cell line and their interactions assessed using isobolographic analysis. Each extract significantly inhibited the proliferation of prostate cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner except S. repens. The most active extracts, S. baicalensis, D. morifolium, G. uralensis and R. rubescens were tested as two-extract combinations. S. baicalensis and D. morifolium when combined were additive with a trend toward synergy, whereas D. morifolium and R. rubescens together were additive. The remaining two-extract combinations showed antagonism. The four extracts together were significantly more effective than the two-by-two combinations and the individual extracts alone. Combining the four herbal extracts significantly enhanced their activity in the cell lines tested compared with extracts alone. The less predictable nature of the two-way combinations suggests a need for careful characterization of the effects of each individual herb based on their intended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S Adams
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 90095-1742, USA.
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Ong ES, Len SM, Lee ACH. Differential protein expression of the inhibitory effects of a standardized extract from Scutellariae radix in liver cancer cell lines using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:8-16. [PMID: 15631501 DOI: 10.1021/jf049172w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to verify the inhibitory effect of a chemically standardized extract from Scutellariae radix in liver cancer cell lines (HepG2). The botanical extract was prepared using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). A method using proteolytic digest with single dimensional and two-dimensional liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize differential protein expression in mammalian cells in response to the botanical extract. The whole cell lysates were digested with trypsin, and the peptides were separated by one-dimensional (reversed phase) or by two-dimensional (cation exchange and reversed phase) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup and separated by liquid chromatography with UV detection and mass spectrometry. In the presence of the botanical extracts, drug-induced apoptosis was not observed, and a number of proteins that played an important role in the metabolic pathways in HepG2 cell line had been affected. The data, as presented, suggest that the inhibitory effects of the standardized extracts from Scutellariae radix resulted from expression of heat shock protein and other proteins related to energy metabolism. The proposed platform had the potential to provide significant information about the particular proteome such as human hepatoma HepG2. At the molecular level, it was possible to study the proteins and how their levels and modifications change in response to the effects of the botanical extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Shi Ong
- Centre for Analytical Science, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Republic of Singapore.
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