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Zhou E, Song N, Xiao Q, Farooq Z, Jia Z, Wen J, Dai C, Ma C, Tu J, Shen J, Fu T, Yi B. Construction of transgenic detection system of Brassica napus L. based on single nucleotide polymorphism chip. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:11. [PMID: 34966634 PMCID: PMC8655060 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica napus L. is a vital oil crop in China. As auxiliary tools for rapeseed breeding, transgenic technologies play a considerable role in heterosis, variety improvement, and pest resistance. Research on transgenic detection technologies is of great significance for the introduction, supervision, and development of transgenic rapeseed in China. However, the transgenic detection methods currently in use are complex and time-consuming, with low output. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip can effectively overcome such limitations. In the present study, we collected 40 transgenic elements and designed 291 probes. The probe sequences were submitted to Illumina Company, and the Infinium chip technology was used to prepare SNP chips. In the present Brassica napus transgenic detection experiment, 84 high-quality probes of 17 transgenic elements were preliminarily screened, and genotyping effect was optimised for the probe signal value. Ultimately, a transgenic detection system for B. napus was developed. The developed system has the advantages of simple operation, minimal technical errors, and stable detection outcomes. A transgenic detection sensitivity test revealed that the probe designed could accurately detect 1% of transgenic samples and had high detection sensitivity. In addition, in repeatability tests, the CaMV35S promoter coefficient of variation was approximately 3.58%. Therefore, the SNP chip had suitable repeatability in transgene detection. The SNP chip developed could be used to construct transgenic detection systems for B. napus. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03062-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Nuan Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Qing Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Zunaira Farooq
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Zhibo Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000 China
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Woo N, Kim SK, Sun Y, Kang SH. Enhanced capillary electrophoretic screening of Alzheimer based on direct apolipoprotein E genotyping and one-step multiplex PCR. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:290-299. [PMID: 29202360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is associated with high cholesterol levels, coronary artery disease, and especially Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we developed an ApoE genotyping and one-step multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based-capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the enhanced diagnosis of Alzheimer's. The primer mixture of ApoE genes enabled the performance of direct one-step multiplex PCR from whole blood without DNA purification. The combination of direct ApoE genotyping and one-step multiplex PCR minimized the risk of DNA loss or contamination due to the process of DNA purification. All amplified PCR products with different DNA lengths (112-, 253-, 308-, 444-, and 514-bp DNA) of the ApoE genes were analyzed within 2min by an extended voltage programming (VP)-based CE under the optimal conditions. The extended VP-based CE method was at least 120-180 times faster than conventional slab gel electrophoresis methods In particular, all amplified DNA fragments were detected in less than 10 PCR cycles using a laser-induced fluorescence detector. The detection limits of the ApoE genes were 6.4-62.0pM, which were approximately 100-100,000 times more sensitive than previous Alzheimer's diagnosis methods In addition, the combined one-step multiplex PCR and extended VP-based CE method was also successfully applied to the analysis of ApoE genotypes in Alzheimer's patients and normal samples and confirmed the distribution probability of allele frequencies. This combination of direct one-step multiplex PCR and an extended VP-based CE method should increase the diagnostic reliability of Alzheimer's with high sensitivity and short analysis time even with direct use of whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nain Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kang Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yucheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Wei S, Wang C, Zhu P, Zhou G, Fu W, Wu X. A high-throughput multiplex tandem PCR assay for the screening of genetically modified maize. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Preparing long probes by an asymmetric polymerase chain reaction-based approach for multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Anal Biochem 2015; 487:8-16. [PMID: 25957123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To clearly discriminate the results of simultaneous screening and quantification of up to 40 different targets-DNA sequences, long probes from 100 to 500 nt, rather than smaller or similar-sized synthetic ones, were adopted for multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). To prepare the long probes, asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to introduce non-complementary stuffers in between the two parts of the MLPA probe with specially designed primers, then restriction enzymes were selected to digest the double-stranded DNAs, and finally polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to purify the single-stranded DNAs (i.e., the long probes). By using this approach, 12 long probes were prepared and used to identify genetically modified (GM) maize. Our experimental results show that the prepared long probes were in full accordance with the designed ones and could be assembled in 4-, 7-, and 10-plex MLPA analysis without losing result specificity and accuracy, showing they were as effective and reliable in MLPA analysis as those prepared with M13-derived vectors. This novel asymmetric PCR-based approach does not need expensive equipment, special reagents, or complicated operations when compared with previous methods. Therefore, our new approach could make MLPA analysis more independent, efficient, and economical.
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Datukishvili N, Kutateladze T, Gabriadze I, Bitskinashvili K, Vishnepolsky B. New multiplex PCR methods for rapid screening of genetically modified organisms in foods. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:757. [PMID: 26257724 PMCID: PMC4513241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present novel multiplex PCR methods for rapid and reliable screening of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). New designed PCR primers targeting four frequently used GMO specific sequences permitted identification of new DNA markers, in particular 141 bp fragment of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, 224 bp fragment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator, 256 bp fragment of 5-enolppyruvylshikimate-phosphate synthase (epsps) gene and 258 bp fragment of Cry1Ab delta-endotoxin (cry1Ab) gene for GMO screening. The certified reference materials containing Roundup Ready soybean (RRS) and maize MON 810 were applied for the development and optimization of uniplex and multiplex PCR systems. Evaluation of amplification products by agarose gel electrophoresis using negative and positive controls confirmed high specificity and sensitivity at 0.1% GMO for both RRS and MON 810. The fourplex PCR was developed and optimized that allows simultaneous detection of three common transgenic elements, such as: CaMV 35S promoter, NOS terminator, epsps gene together with soybean-specific lectin gene. The triplex PCR developed enables simultaneous identification of transgenic elements, such as: 35S promoter and cry1Ab gene together with maize zein gene. The analysis of different processed foods demonstrated that multiplex PCR methods developed in this study are useful for accurate and fast screening of GM food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Datukishvili
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi, Georgia ; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ilia State University Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Inga Gabriadze
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Kakha Bitskinashvili
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ilia State University Tbilisi, Georgia
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Iversen M, Grønsberg IM, van den Berg J, Fischer K, Aheto DW, Bøhn T. Detection of transgenes in local maize varieties of small-scale farmers in eastern cape, South Africa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116147. [PMID: 25551616 PMCID: PMC4281112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-scale subsistence farmers in South Africa have been introduced to genetically modified (GM) crops for more than a decade. Little is known about i) the extent of transgene introgression into locally recycled seed, ii) what short and long-term ecological and socioeconomic impacts such mixing of seeds might have, iii) how the farmers perceive GM crops, and iv) to what degree approval conditions are followed and controlled. This study conducted in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, aims primarily at addressing the first of these issues. We analysed for transgenes in 796 individual maize plants (leaves) and 20 seed batches collected in a village where GM insect resistant maize was previously promoted and grown as part of an governmental agricultural development program over a seven year period (2001–2008). Additionally, we surveyed the varieties of maize grown and the farmers’ practices of recycling and sharing of seed in the same community (26 farmers were interviewed). Recycling and sharing of seeds were common in the community and may contribute to spread and persistence of transgenes in maize on a local or regional level. By analysing DNA we found that the commonly used transgene promoter p35s occurred in one of the 796 leaf samples (0.0013%) and in five of the 20 seed samples (25%). Three of the 20 seed samples (15%) included herbicide tolerant maize (NK603) intentionally grown by the farmers from seed bought from local seed retailers or acquired through a currently running agricultural development program. The two remaining positive seed samples (10%) included genes for insect resistance (from MON810). In both cases the farmers were unaware of the transgenes present. In conclusion, we demonstrate that transgenes are mixed into seed storages of small-scale farming communities where recycling and sharing of seeds are common, i.e. spread beyond the control of the formal seed system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johnnie van den Berg
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Klara Fischer
- Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Denis Worlanyo Aheto
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Thomas Bøhn
- GenØk -Centre for Biosafety, Tromsø, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Noguchi A, Akiyama H, Nakamura K, Sakata K, Minegishi Y, Mano J, Takabatake R, Futo S, Kitta K, Teshima R, Kondo K, Nishimaki-Mogami T. A novel trait-specific real-time PCR method enables quantification of genetically modified (GM) maize content in ground grain samples containing stacked GM maize. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim JH, Zhang D, Kim HY. Detection of sixteen genetically modified maize events in processed foods using four event-specific pentaplex PCR systems. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Shin KS, Suh SC, Lim MH, Woo HJ, Lee JH, Kim HY, Cho HS. Event-specific detection system of stacked genetically modified maize by using the multiplex-PCR technique. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Waminal NE, Ryu KH, Choi SH, Kim HH. Randomly detected genetically modified (GM) maize (Zea mays L.) near a transport route revealed a fragile 45S rDNA phenotype. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74060. [PMID: 24040165 PMCID: PMC3767626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of genetically modified (GM) crops has been emphasized to prevent their potential effects on the environment and human health. Monitoring of the inadvertent dispersal of transgenic maize in several fields and transport routes in Korea was carried out by qualitative multiplex PCR, and molecular analyses were conducted to identify the events of the collected GM maize. Cytogenetic investigations through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the GM maize were performed to check for possible changes in the 45S rDNA cluster because this cluster was reported to be sensitive to replication and transcription stress. Three GM maize kernels were collected from a transport route near Incheon port, Korea, and each was found to contain NK603, stacked MON863 x NK603, and stacked NK603 x MON810 inserts, respectively. Cytogenetic analysis of the GM maize containing the stacked NK603 x MON810 insert revealed two normal compact 5S rDNA signals, but the 45S rDNA showed a fragile phenotype, demonstrating a “beads-on-a-string” fragmentation pattern, which seems to be a consequence of genetic modification. Implications of the 45S rDNA cluster fragility in GM maize are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomar Espinosa Waminal
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Ryu
- Department of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Choi
- Department of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim JH, Jeong D, Kim YR, Kwon YK, Rhee GS, Zhang D, Kim HY. Development of a multiplex PCR method for testing six GM soybean events. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Samson MC, Gullí M, Marmiroli N. Multiplex real-time PCR assays for simultaneous detection of maize MON810 and GA21 in food samples. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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AKIYAMA H, MINEGISHI Y, MAKIYAMA D, MANO J, SAKATA K, NAKAMURA K, NOGUCHI A, TAKABATAKE R, FUTO S, KONDO K, KITTA K, KATO Y, TESHIMA R. Quantification and Identification of Genetically Modified Maize Events in Non-Identity Preserved Maize Samples in 2009 Using an Individual Kernel Detection System. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2012; 53:157-65. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.53.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junichi MANO
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | | | | | | | - Reona TAKABATAKE
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | | | | | - Kazumi KITTA
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Ujhelyi G, Dijk JPV, Prins TW, Voorhuijzen MM, Hoef AMAV, Beenen HG, Morisset D, Gruden K, Kok EJ. Comparison and transfer testing of multiplex ligation detection methods for GM plants. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:4. [PMID: 22257760 PMCID: PMC3271032 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the increasing number of GMOs on the global market the maintenance of European GMO regulations is becoming more complex. For the analysis of a single food or feed sample it is necessary to assess the sample for the presence of many GMO-targets simultaneously at a sensitive level. Several methods have been published regarding DNA-based multidetection. Multiplex ligation detection methods have been described that use the same basic approach: i) hybridisation and ligation of specific probes, ii) amplification of the ligated probes and iii) detection and identification of the amplified products. Despite they all have this same basis, the published ligation methods differ radically. The present study investigated with real-time PCR whether these different ligation methods have any influence on the performance of the probes. Sensitivity and the specificity of the padlock probes (PLPs) with the ligation protocol with the best performance were also tested and the selected method was initially validated in a laboratory exchange study. Results Of the ligation protocols tested in this study, the best results were obtained with the PPLMD I and PPLMD II protocols and no consistent differences between these two protocols were observed. Both protocols are based on padlock probe ligation combined with microarray detection. Twenty PLPs were tested for specificity and the best probes were subjected to further evaluation. Up to 13 targets were detected specifically and simultaneously. During the interlaboratory exchange study similar results were achieved by the two participating institutes (NIB, Slovenia, and RIKILT, the Netherlands). Conclusions From the comparison of ligation protocols it can be concluded that two protocols perform equally well on the basis of the selected set of PLPs. Using the most ideal parameters the multiplicity of one of the methods was tested and 13 targets were successfully and specifically detected. In the interlaboratory exchange study it was shown that the selected method meets the 0.1% sensitivity criterion. The present study thus shows that specific and sensitive multidetection of GMO targets is now feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Ujhelyi
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety (WUR), Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Tian F, Wang X, Teng D, Yang Y, Guan Q, Ao C, Wang J. Optimization of a multiplex PCR assay for detecting transgenic soybean components in feed products. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:1225-34. [PMID: 21870125 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of multiple components of genetically modified (GM) soybean. It uses two sets of primers (I, lectin1/35S/CP4; II, lectin2/35S/CP4) specific for a soybean reference gene, the 35S promoter, and an event-specific gene. Amplified fragments of 118, 414, 195, and 320 bp were easily detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and were positively confirmed by sequencing. Primer set concentrations and annealing temperatures in the m-PCR were optimized. The optimized m-PCR conditions were obtained for primer set I at a ratio of 1:2:3 and a 59.2 °C annealing temperature and set II at the same ratio and 58.6 °C, 60.3 °C, and 61.2 °C annealing temperatures. The sensitivities of the two m-PCR primer sets (I and II) were 0.25% and 0.5%, respectively. The results showed that this m-PCR assay provides rapid, reliable, and effective identification of multiple components of GM soybean in feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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A multiplex nested PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of genetically modified soybean, maize and rice in highly processed products. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Choi SH. Hexaplex PCR assay and liquid bead array for detection of stacked genetically modified cotton event 281-24-236×3006-210-23. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:647-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang C, Xu W, Zhai Z, Luo Y, Yan X, Zhang N, Huang K. Universal primer-multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (UP-M-PCR) and capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence analysis for the simultaneous detection of six genetically modified maize lines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:5188-5194. [PMID: 21504143 DOI: 10.1021/jf2008088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To meet the labeling and traceability requirement of genetically modified (GM) maize and their products for trade and regulation, it is essential to develop a specific detection method for monitoring the presence of GM content. In this work, six GM maize lines, including GA21, Bt11, NK603, Bt176, Mir604, and Mon810, were simultaneously detected by universal primer-multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (UP-M-PCR), and the amplicons for the six event-specific genes as well as the endogenous Ivr gene were successfully separated by the method of capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF). The UP-M-PCR method overcame the disadvantages in conventional M-PCR, such as complex manipulation, lower sensitivity, amplification disparity resulting from different primers, etc., and in combination with CE-LIF, it obtained a high sensitivity of 0.1 ng for both single and mixed DNA samples. The established method can be widely used for the qualitative identification of the GM maize lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Development of two screening duplex PCR assays for genetically modified organism quantification using multiplex real-time PCR master mixes. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Bulygina ES, Sukhacheva MV, Bumazhkin BK, Kuznetsov BB. Application of triplex PCR for identification of genetically modified organism in foods. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683810090103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Monitoring the occurrence of genetically modified maize at a grain receiving port and along transportation routes in the Republic of Korea. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Raymond P, Gendron L, Khalf M, Paul S, Dibley KL, Bhat S, Xie VRD, Partis L, Moreau ME, Dollard C, Coté MJ, Laberge S, Emslie KR. Detection and identification of multiple genetically modified events using DNA insert fingerprinting. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2091-102. [PMID: 19943159 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current screening and event-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection and identification of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in samples of unknown composition or for the detection of non-regulated GMOs have limitations, and alternative approaches are required. A transgenic DNA fingerprinting methodology using restriction enzyme digestion, adaptor ligation, and nested PCR was developed where individual GMOs are distinguished by the characteristic fingerprint pattern of the fragments generated. The inter-laboratory reproducibility of the amplified fragment sizes using different capillary electrophoresis platforms was compared, and reproducible patterns were obtained with an average difference in fragment size of 2.4 bp. DNA insert fingerprints for 12 different maize events, including two maize hybrids and one soy event, were generated that reflected the composition of the transgenic DNA constructs. Once produced, the fingerprint profiles were added to a database which can be readily exchanged and shared between laboratories. This approach should facilitate the process of GMO identification and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Raymond
- St-Hyacinthe Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
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Bahrdt C, Krech AB, Wurz A, Wulff D. Validation of a newly developed hexaplex real-time PCR assay for screening for presence of GMOs in food, feed and seed. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2103-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Design of multiplex calibrant plasmids, their use in GMO detection and the limit of their applicability for quantitative purposes owing to competition effects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2151-64. [PMID: 20099062 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Five double-target multiplex plasmids to be used as calibrants for GMO quantification were constructed. They were composed of two modified targets associated in tandem in the same plasmid: (1) a part of the soybean lectin gene and (2) a part of the transgenic construction of the GTS40-3-2 event. Modifications were performed in such a way that each target could be amplified with the same primers as those for the original target from which they were derived but such that each was specifically detected with an appropriate probe. Sequence modifications were done to keep the parameters of the new target as similar as possible to those of its original sequence. The plasmids were designed to be used either in separate reactions or in multiplex reactions. Evidence is given that with each of the five different plasmids used in separate wells as a calibrant for a different copy number, a calibration curve can be built. When the targets were amplified together (in multiplex) and at different concentrations inside the same well, the calibration curves showed that there was a competition effect between the targets and this limits the range of copy numbers for calibration over a maximum of 2 orders of magnitude. Another possible application of multiplex plasmids is discussed.
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TAKABATAKE R, FUTO S, MINEGISHI Y, WATAI M, SAWADA C, NAKAMURA K, AKIYAMA H, TESHIMA R, FURUI S, HINO A, KITTA K. Evaluation of Quantitative PCR Methods for Genetically Modified Maize (MON863, NK603, TC1507 and T25). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.16.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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OGUCHI T, ONISHI M, MANO J, AKIYAMA H, TESHIMA R, FUTO S, FURUI S, KITTA K. Development of Multiplex PCR Method for Simultaneous Detection of Four Events of Genetically Modified Maize: DAS-59122-7, MIR604, MON863 and MON88017. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2010; 51:92-100. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.51.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Akiyama H, Kitta K. [Recent trends and future prospects for labeling regulation and detection methods of genetically modified foods in Japan]. SHOKUHIN EISEIGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE FOOD HYGIENIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010; 51:383-392. [PMID: 21228528 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.51.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Novel Foods and Immunochemistry, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Alderborn A, Sundström J, Soeria-Atmadja D, Sandberg M, Andersson HC, Hammerling U. Genetically modified plants for non-food or non-feed purposes: straightforward screening for their appearance in food and feed. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 48:453-64. [PMID: 20004226 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) plants aimed at producing food/feed are part of regular agriculture in many areas of the World. Commodity plants have also found application as bioreactors, designated non-food/non-feed GM (NFGM) plants, thereby making raw material for further refinement to industrial, diagnostic or pharmaceutical preparations. Many among them may pose health challenge to consumers or livestock animals, if occurring in food/feed. NFGM plants are typically released into the environment, but are grown under special oversight and any among several containment practices, none of which provide full protection against accidental dispersal. Adventitious admixture with food or feed can occur either through distributional mismanagement or as a consequence of gene flow to plant relatives. To facilitate NFGM surveillance we propose a new mandatory tagging of essentially all such plants, prior to cultivation or marketing in the European Union. The suggested tag--Plant-Made Industrial or Pharmaceutical Products Tag (PMIP-T)--is envisaged to occur as a transgenic silent DNA identifier in host plants and designed to enable technically simple identification and characterisation of any NFGM. Implementation of PMIP-T would permit inexpensive, reliable and high-throughput screening for NFGM specifically. The paper outlines key NFGM prospects and challenges as well as the PMIP-T concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alderborn
- Dept. of Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Establishment of a system based on universal multiplex-PCR for screening genetically modified crops. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:2055-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Development of a qualitative, multiplex real-time PCR kit for screening of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:2043-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Ohgiya Y, Sakai M, Miyashita T, Yano K. [Contamination with genetically modified maize MON863 of processed foods on the market]. SHOKUHIN EISEIGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE FOOD HYGIENIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009; 50:140-145. [PMID: 19602862 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.50.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified maize MON863 (MON863), which has passed a safety examination in Japan, is commercially cultivated in the United States as a food and a resource for fuel. Maize is an anemophilous flower, which easily hybridizes. However, an official method for quantifying the content of MON863 has not been provided yet in Japan. We here examined MON863 contamination in maize-processed foods that had no labeling indicating of the use of genetically modified maize.From March 2006 to July 2008, we purchased 20 frozen maize products, 8 maize powder products, 7 canned maize products and 4 other maize processed foods. Three primer pairs named MON 863 primer, MON863-1, and M3/M4 for MON863-specific integrated cassette were used for qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A primer pair "SSIIb-3" for starch synthase gene was used to confirm the quality of extracted DNA. The starch synthase gene was detected in all samples. In qualitative tests, the MON863-specific fragments were detected in 7 (18%) maize powder products out of the 39 processed foods with all the three primer pairs.We concluded that various maize processed foods on the market were contaminated with MON863. It is important to accumulate further information on MON863 contamination in maize-processed foods that have no label indication of the use of genetically modified maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ohgiya
- Sapporo City Institute of Public Health, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo 0038505, Japan
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33
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Holst-Jensen A. Testing for genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Past, present and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:1071-1082. [PMID: 19477261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of GMO testing methodologies and how these have evolved and may evolve in the next decade. Challenges and limitations for the application of the test methods as well as to the interpretation of results produced with the methods are highlighted and discussed, bearing in mind the various interests and competences of the involved stakeholders. To better understand the suitability and limitations of detection methodologies the evolution of transformation processes for creation of GMOs is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Holst-Jensen
- Department of Feed and Food Safety, National Veterinary Institute, Ullevaalsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway.
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34
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Mano J, Oguchi T, Akiyama H, Teshima R, Hino A, Furui S, Kitta K. Simultaneous detection of recombinant DNA segments introduced into genetically modified crops with multiplex ligase chain reaction coupled with multiplex polymerase chain reaction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2640-6. [PMID: 19265381 DOI: 10.1021/jf803361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-multiplex ligase chain reaction (LCR) (MPCR-MLCR) technique as a novel approach for the simultaneous detection of recombinant DNA segments (e.g., promoters, trait genes, and terminators) of genetically modified (GM) crops. With this technique, target DNA regions were amplified by multiplex PCR, the PCR products were then subjected to multiplex LCR as template DNAs, and the LCR products were then analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent fluorescent scanning. Seven recombinant DNA segments commonly introduced into some GM crop lines were selected as target DNA regions. In addition, another MPCR-MLCR system for the simultaneous detection of three endogenous DNA segments was designed as a positive control test. The specificity and sensitivity of the method were examined. The method allowed us to detect GM crops comprehensively and is expected to be utilized for efficient screening of GM crops into which any one of the seven recombinant DNA segments have been introduced, and for profiling the segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Mano
- National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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35
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Development of a quadruplex-real-time-PCR for screening food for genetically modified organisms. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Mano J, Shigemitsu N, Futo S, Akiyama H, Teshima R, Hino A, Furui S, Kitta K. Real-time PCR array as a universal platform for the detection of genetically modified crops and its application in identifying unapproved genetically modified crops in Japan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:26-37. [PMID: 19072282 DOI: 10.1021/jf802551h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel type of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array with TaqMan chemistry as a platform for the comprehensive and semiquantitative detection of genetically modified (GM) crops. Thirty primer-probe sets for the specific detection of GM lines, recombinant DNA (r-DNA) segments, endogenous reference genes, and donor organisms were synthesized, and a 96-well PCR plate was prepared with a different primer-probe in each well as the real-time PCR array. The specificity and sensitivity of the array were evaluated. A comparative analysis with the data and publicly available information on GM crops approved in Japan allowed us to assume the possibility of unapproved GM crop contamination. Furthermore, we designed a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet application, Unapproved GMO Checker version 2.01, which helps process all the data of real-time PCR arrays for the easy assumption of unapproved GM crop contamination. The spreadsheet is available free of charge at http://cse.naro.affrc.go.jp/jmano/index.html .
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Mano
- National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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37
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OGUCHI T, ONISHI M, MINEGISHI Y, KUROSAWA Y, KASAHARA M, AKIYAMA H, TESHIMA R, FUTO S, FURUI S, HINO A, KITTA K. Development of Quantitative Duplex Real-Time PCR Method for Screening Analysis of Genetically Modified Maize. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2009; 50:117-25. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.50.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Chaouachi M, Chupeau G, Berard A, McKhann H, Romaniuk M, Giancola S, Laval V, Bertheau Y, Brunel D. A high-throughput multiplex method adapted for GMO detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:11596-11606. [PMID: 19053386 DOI: 10.1021/jf801482r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput multiplex assay for the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMO) was developed on the basis of the existing SNPlex method designed for SNP genotyping. This SNPlex assay allows the simultaneous detection of up to 48 short DNA sequences (approximately 70 bp; "signature sequences") from taxa endogenous reference genes, from GMO constructions, screening targets, construct-specific, and event-specific targets, and finally from donor organisms. This assay avoids certain shortcomings of multiplex PCR-based methods already in widespread use for GMO detection. The assay demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity. The results suggest that this assay is reliable, flexible, and cost- and time-effective for high-throughput GMO detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Chaouachi
- CEA/Institut de Genomique/Centre National de Genotypage/INRA UR EPGV, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, CP 5724, 91057 Evry cedex, France
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39
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Shrestha HK, Hwu KK, Wang SJ, Liu LF, Chang MC. Simultaneous detection of eight genetically modified maize lines using a combination of event- and construct-specific multiplex-PCR technique. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8962-8968. [PMID: 18767858 DOI: 10.1021/jf800501z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To fulfill labeling and traceability requirement of genetically modified (GM) maize for trade and regulation, it is essential to develop an event-specific detection method for monitoring the presence of transgenes. In pursuit of this purpose, we systematically optimized and established a combined event- and construct-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) technique for simultaneous detection of 8 GM maize lines. Altogether 9 sets of primers were designed, including six that were event-specific for Event176, Bt11, TC1507, NK603, MON863, and Mon810; two that were construct-specific for T25 and GA21, and one for an endogenous zein gene. The transgene in each GM maize line and the endogenous zein gene could be clearly detected and distinguished according to the different sizes of PCR amplicons. The limit of detection (LOD) was approximately 0.25% (v/v), although the detection can be as sensitive as 0.1% as demonstrated by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) proficiency test. This study further improves the current PCR-based detection method for GM maize. The method can be used in an easy, sensitive, and cost and time effective way for the identification and quality screening of a specific GM maize line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Shrestha
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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40
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Kitta K. Research activities for the monitoring of GMO in Japan. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Marmiroli N, Maestri E, Gullì M, Malcevschi A, Peano C, Bordoni R, De Bellis G. Methods for detection of GMOs in food and feed. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:369-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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New trends in bioanalytical tools for the detection of genetically modified organisms: an update. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:355-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Akiyama H, Sakata K, Kondo K, Tanaka A, Liu MS, Oguchi T, Furui S, Kitta K, Hino A, Teshima R. Individual detection of genetically modified maize varieties in non-identity-preserved maize samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1977-1983. [PMID: 18298063 DOI: 10.1021/jf0727239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In many countries, the labeling of grains and feed- and foodstuffs is mandatory if the genetically modified organism (GMO) content exceeds a certain level of approved GM varieties. The GMO content in a maize sample containing the combined-trait (stacked) GM maize as determined by the currently available methodology is likely to be overestimated. However, there has been little information in the literature on the mixing level and varieties of stacked GM maize in real sample grains. For the first time, the GMO content of non-identity-preserved (non-IP) maize samples imported from the United States has been successfully determined by using a previously developed individual kernel detection system coupled to a multiplex qualitative PCR method followed by multichannel capillary gel electrophoresis system analysis. To clarify the GMO content in the maize samples imported from the United States, determine how many stacked GM traits are contained therein, and which GM trait varieties frequently appeared in 2005, the GMO content (percent) on a kernel basis and the varieties of the GM kernels in the non-IP maize samples imported from the United States were investigated using the individual kernel analysis system. The average (+/-standard deviation) of the GMO contents on a kernel basis in five non-IP sample lots was determined to be 51.0+/-21.6%, the percentage of a single GM trait grains was 39%, and the percentage of the stacked GM trait grains was 12%. The MON810 grains and NK603 grains were the most frequent varieties in the single GM traits. The most frequent stacked GM traits were the MON810xNK603 grains. In addition, the present study would provide the answer and impact for the quantification of GM maize content in the GM maize kernels on labeling regulation.
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44
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OGUCHI T, ONISHI M, CHIKAGAWA Y, MINEGISHI Y, KODAMA T, AKIYAMA H, OHNO Y, FUTO S, HINO A, FURUI S, KITTA K. Development of Event-Specific Quantitation Method for GA21 Maize, Which Is a GM Event without CaMV35S Promoter. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2008; 49:16-22. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.49.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi OGUCHI
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Akihiro HINO
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute
| | - Satoshi FURUI
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute
| | - Kazumi KITTA
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute
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45
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Kumar KS, Kang SH. Ultra-fast simultaneous analysis of genetically modified organisms in maize by microchip electrophoresis with LIF detector. Electrophoresis 2008; 28:4247-54. [PMID: 17932874 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the potential of microchip electrophoresis (ME) with a LIF detector using a programmed field strength gradient (PFSG) in a conventional glass double-T microchip for the ultra-fast detection and simultaneous analysis of genetically modified (GM) maize. The separation efficiency and sensitivity at various sieving gels (poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, M(r) 8,000,000) and 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) (M(r) 250,000)) and fluorescent dye concentrations were investigated. The PCR products of both the GM and non-GM maize were analyzed within 30 s under the PFSG (470.6 V/cm for 20 s, 117.6 V/cm for 12 s, and 470.6 V/cm for 30 s) with a 2.5% HEC sieving matrix in the running buffer, 1 x Tris-borate EDTA (TBE) (pH 8.30) and 0.5 ppm ethidium bromide. The five transgenic maize varieties (Event176, MON810, Bt11, GA21, and T25) examined in this study were also clearly differentiated by ME-PFSG within 30 s in a single run without any loss of resolution. The ME-PFSG technique is a powerful tool for the ultra-fast detection and simultaneous analysis of GMOs in a variety of foods including maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailasa Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute Basic Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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46
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Development of a modular system for detection of genetically modified organisms in food based on ligation-dependent probe amplification. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Heide BR, Heir E, Holck A. Detection of eight GMO maize events by qualitative, multiplex PCR and fluorescence capillary gel electrophoresis. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on genetically modified organisms [GMO] related to the safeguard clause invoked by Greece according to Article 23 of Directive 2001/18/EC and to Article 18 of Directive 2002/53/EC. EFSA J 2006. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2006.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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49
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Nadal A, Coll A, La Paz JL, Esteve T, Pla M. A new PCR-CGE (size and color) method for simultaneous detection of genetically modified maize events. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3879-88. [PMID: 16972302 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of multiple transgenic events in maize. Initially, five PCR primers pairs specific to events Bt11, GA21, MON810, and NK603, and Zea mays L. (alcohol dehydrogenase) were included. The event specificity was based on amplification of transgene/plant genome flanking regions, i.e., the same targets as for validated real-time PCR assays. These short and similarly sized amplicons were selected to achieve high and similar amplification efficiency for all targets; however, its unambiguous identification was a technical challenge. We achieved a clear distinction by a novel CGE approach that combined the identification by size and color (CGE-SC). In one single step, all five targets were amplified and specifically labeled with three different fluorescent dyes. The assay was specific and displayed an LOD of 0.1% of each genetically modified organism (GMO). Therefore, it was adequate to fulfill legal thresholds established, e.g., in the European Union. Our CGE-SC based strategy in combination with an adequate labeling design has the potential to simultaneously detect higher numbers of targets. As an example, we present the detection of up to eight targets in a single run. Multiplex PCR-CGE-SC only requires a conventional sequencer device and enables automation and high throughput. In addition, it proved to be transferable to a different laboratory. The number of authorized GMO events is rapidly growing; and the acreage of genetically modified (GM) varieties cultivated and commercialized worldwide is rapidly increasing. In this context, our multiplex PCR-CGE-SC can be suitable for screening GM contents in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nadal
- Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària, Universitat de Girona, EPS, Girona, Spain
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