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Komatsuzaki K, Kageshima H, Sekino Y, Suzuki Y, Ugajin T, Tamaoka M, Hanazawa R, Hirakawa A, Miyazaki Y. Local nasal immunotherapy with birch pollen-galactomannan conjugate-containing ointment in mice and humans. Allergol Int 2024; 73:290-301. [PMID: 37981502 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated allergy. Owing to the high prevalence and early onset of hay fever and pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS), a safer and simpler treatment method than conventional AIT is needed. To develop a local nasal immunotherapy using an ointment containing hypoallergenic pollen and assess its efficacy in mice and healthy humans. METHODS Hypoallergenicity was achieved by combining pollen and galactomannan through the Maillard reaction to create birch pollen-galactomannan conjugate (BP-GMC). The binding of galactomannan to Bet v 1 was confirmed using electrophoresis and Western blotting (WB). Binding of specific IgE antibodies to BP-GMC was verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and basophil activation test (BAT). The localization of BP-GMC absorption was confirmed using a BALB/c mouse model. BP-GMC mixed with white petrolatum was intranasally administered to 10 healthy individuals (active drugs, 8; placebo, 2) for 14 days. RESULTS In electrophoresis and WB, no 17-kDa band was observed. In ELISA and BAT, BP-GMC did not react to specific IgE but was bound to IgA and IgG. In the mouse model, BP-GMC was detected in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissues. In the active drug group, the salivary-specific IgA level significantly increased on day 15 (p = 0.0299), while the serum-specific IgG level significantly increased on day 85 (p = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS The BP-GMC ointment rapidly produced antagonistic antibodies against IgE; it is safe and easy to use and might serve as a therapeutic antigen for hay fever and PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Komatsuzaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kageshima
- Bio & Healthcare Business Division, Wako Filter Technology Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Sekino
- Bio & Healthcare Business Division, Wako Filter Technology Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ugajin
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meiyo Tamaoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Hanazawa
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Utsumi D, Sugawara T, Hashida K, Yasuhara Y, Fujinami K, Lund K, Ohashi-Doi K. Reduced anaphylactic potential of denatured pullulan-conjugated Cry j 1. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108026. [PMID: 34358858 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Japanese Cedar (JC) pollinosis is the most common seasonal allergic rhinitis in Japan. Throughout the JC pollen season, patients suffer from the allergic symptoms, resulting in a reduction of quality of life. Allergy immunotherapy (AIT) is an established treatment option for a wide range of allergens that unlike symptomatic treatments (e.g. antihistamines) may provide sustained immune tolerance. However, AIT, especially subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has a fatal anaphylaxis risk due to the use of crude allergen extracts. Consequently, development of allergen derivatives with substantially reduced anaphylactic potential is desirable. An allergen derivative that showed reduced IgE-binding and anaphylactic potential was developed through conjugation of native Cry j 1 (n Cry j 1), a major JC allergen, to the polysaccharide pullulan followed by chemical but non-covalent denaturation. The resulting Cry j 1 allergen derivative, Dn p-Cry j 1, showed reduced IgE-binding and IgE-mediated effector cell activation in vitro using an ELISA competition assay and a mast cell activation model (EXiLE). Reduced anaphylactic potential of Dn p-Cry j 1 in vivo was demonstrated using the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) assay. The difference in anaphylactic potential of Dn p-Cry j 1 compared to n Cry j 1 in wild-type rats was of the same magnitude as the difference seen in the anaphylaxis reactions obtained with n Cry j 1 in wild-type rats and mast-cell deficient rats, indicating a dramatic reduction in anaphylactic potential of Dn p-Cry j 1. These results indicate that Dn p-Cry j 1 is a promising candidate for next-generation JC AIT.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Plant/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Plant/chemistry
- Antigens, Plant/immunology
- Cryptomeria/immunology
- Desensitization, Immunologic/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glucans/administration & dosage
- Glucans/chemistry
- Glucans/immunology
- Humans
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mice
- Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis
- Plant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/immunology
- Pollen/immunology
- Rats
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/blood
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Utsumi
- Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeru Sugawara
- Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosumo Hashida
- Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasuhara
- Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Fujinami
- Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Katsuyo Ohashi-Doi
- Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Takaiwa F. Next-Generation Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy for Japanese Cedar Pollinosis Using Molecular Approaches. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 10:213-224. [PMID: 34239843 PMCID: PMC8259616 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s276874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese cedar (JC) pollinosis is the most major IgE-mediated type I allergic disease in Japan. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only curative treatment for allergic diseases. Subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy have been introduced in Japan for JC pollinosis, but do not avoid some adverse side effects, because the natural allergens used as tolerogens cross-link with specific IgE types on mast cells and basophils. To make immunotherapy for JC pollinosis safer, more effective and convenient, rice-based oral allergy vaccines using hybrid peptides composed of multiple T-cell epitopes or recombinant deconstructed hypoallergenic derivatives derived from major allergens — Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 — have been developed and their efficacy and safety evaluated by oral administration of transgenic rice seeds. Furthermore, recombinant modified JC allergens conjugated with various immunomodulatory molecules and DNA-based vaccines have been created and their efficacy assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- Soul Signal Institute, Kojyohama, Shiraoi, Hokkaido, 059-0641, Japan.,Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
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4
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Solid-in-Oil Nanodispersions for Transcutaneous Immunotherapy of Japanese Cedar Pollinosis. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030240. [PMID: 32156090 PMCID: PMC7150915 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP) is a common affliction caused by an allergic reaction to cedar pollen and is considered a disease of national importance in Japan. Antigen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only available curative treatment for JCP. However, low compliance and persistence have been reported among patients subcutaneously or sublingually administered AIT comprising a conventional antigen derived from a pollen extract. To address these issues, many research studies have focused on developing a safer, simpler, and more effective AIT for JCP. Here, we review the novel antigens that have been developed for JCP AIT, discuss their different administration routes, and present the effects of anti-allergy treatment. Then, we describe a new form of AIT called transcutaneous immunotherapy (TCIT) and its solid-in-oil (S/O) nanodispersion formulation, which is a promising antigen delivery system. Finally, we discuss the applications of S/O nanodispersions for JCP TCIT. In this context, we predict that TCIT delivery by using a S/O nanodispersion loaded with novel antigens may offer an easier, safer, and more effective treatment option for JCP patients.
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Kong Q, Higasijima K, Wakabayashi R, Tahara Y, Kitaoka M, Obayashi H, Hou Y, Kamiya N, Goto M. Transcutaneous Delivery of Immunomodulating Pollen Extract-Galactomannan Conjugate by Solid-in-Oil Nanodispersions for Pollinosis Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E563. [PMID: 31671640 PMCID: PMC6920820 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese cedar pollinosis is a type I allergic disease and has already become a major public health problem in Japan. Conventional subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) cannot meet patients' needs owing to the side effects caused by both the use of conventional whole antigen molecules in the pollen extract and the administration routes. To address these issues, a surface-modified antigen and transcutaneous administration route are introduced in this research. First, the pollen extract (PE) was conjugated to galactomannan (PE-GM) to mask immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding epitopes in the PE to avoid side effects. Second, as a safer alternative to SCIT and SLIT, transcutaneous immunotherapy (TCIT) with a solid-in-oil (S/O) nanodispersion system carrying PE-GM was proposed. Hydrophilic PE-GM was efficiently delivered through mouse skin using S/O nanodispersions, reducing the antibody secretion and modifying the type 1 T helper (Th1)/ type 2 T helper (Th2) balance in the mouse model, thereby demonstrating the potential to alleviate Japanese cedar pollinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Kong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Kouki Higasijima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshiro Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Momoko Kitaoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Obayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yanting Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;.
- Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;.
- Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Su Y, Romeu-Bonilla E, Heiland T. Next generation immunotherapy for tree pollen allergies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 13:2402-2415. [PMID: 28853984 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1367882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree pollen induced allergies are one of the major medical and public health burdens in the industrialized world. Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy (AIT) through subcutaneous injection or sublingual delivery is the only approved therapy with curative potential to pollen induced allergies. AIT often is associated with severe side effects and requires long-term treatment. Safer, more effective and convenient allergen specific immunotherapies remain an unmet need. In this review article, we discuss the current progress in applying protein and peptide-based approaches and DNA vaccines to the clinical challenges posed by tree pollen allergies through the lens of preclinical animal models and clinical trials, with an emphasis on the birch and Japanese red cedar pollen induced allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- a Department of R&D , Immunomic Therapeutics, Inc. (ITI) , Rockville , MD , USA
| | | | - Teri Heiland
- a Department of R&D , Immunomic Therapeutics, Inc. (ITI) , Rockville , MD , USA
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7
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Murakami D, Sawatsubashi M, Omori H, Saito A, Kato A, Komune S, Nakagawa T. Safety and efficacy of short-term oral immunotherapy with Cry j 1-galactomannan conjugate for Japanese cedar pollinosis: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46142. [PMID: 28397833 PMCID: PMC5387405 DOI: 10.1038/srep46142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) for pollinosis requires long-term treatment with potentially severe side effects. Therefore, development of an AIT that is safe and more convenient with a shorter regimen is needed. This prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized 55 participants with Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP) to active or placebo groups to test the safety and efficacy of short-term oral immunotherapy (OIT) with Cry j 1-galactomannan conjugate for JCP. Mean symptom-medication score as the primary outcome in the active group improved 27.8% relative to the placebo group during the entire pollen season. As the secondary outcomes, mean medication score in active group improved significantly, by 56.2%, compared with placebo during the entire pollen season. Mean total symptom score was similar between active and placebo groups during the entire pollen season. There were no severe treatment-emergent adverse events in the active and placebo groups. Therefore short-term OIT with Cry j 1-galactomannan conjugate is safe, and effective for reducing the amount of medication use for JCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sawatsubashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Omori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Bio &Healthcare Business Group, Bio &Healthcare Business Division, Wako Filter Technology Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akio Kato
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shizuo Komune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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8
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Murakami D, Sawatsubashi M, Kikkawa S, Ejima M, Saito A, Kato A, Komune S. Safety and efficacy of a new regimen of short-term oral immunotherapy with Cry j 1-galactomannan conjugate for Japanese cedar pollinosis: a prospective, randomized, open-label study. Allergol Int 2015; 64:161-8. [PMID: 25838092 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term oral immunotherapy (OIT) using the Cry j1-galactomannan conjugate for Japanese cedar pollinosis may be effective and relatively safe. However, a treatment regimen has not been established. In the present study, we examined a new OIT regimen with a build-up phase and extended the maintenance phase of OIT to the peak period of the pollen season to enhance the therapeutic effect and safety of OIT. METHODS A prospective, randomized, open-label trial was conducted over a period of 4 months. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The OIT group comprised 23 subjects. The build-up phase was initiated 1 month before the expected pollen season. The maintenance phase was continued for 51 days during the peak pollen season. The control group comprised 24 subjects. The symptoms and medication score, levels of allergen-specific serum antibodies throughout the pollen season, and adverse effects with OIT were evaluated. RESULTS Participants receiving OIT showed significant improvements in total symptom scores, medication score, and total symptom-medication scores throughout the pollen season compared with the control group. The levels of allergen-specific serum IgG4 were significantly increased in the OIT group but not in the control group throughout the cedar pollen season. Importantly, no severe adverse effects were observed with OIT. CONCLUSIONS The new regimen of short-term OIT using the Cry j1-galactomannan conjugate for Japanese cedar pollinosis is effective, relatively safe and induces immune tolerance. Thus, OIT using allergen-galactomannan conjugates may provide a rapid, effective, and thus convenient immunotherapy for pollinosis instead of SLIT or SCIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Sawatsubashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kikkawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ejima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Biobusiness Propulsion Group, Biobusiness Propulsion Division, Wako Filter Technology Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akio Kato
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shizuo Komune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Rupa P, Nakamura S, Katayama S, Mine Y. Attenuation of allergic immune response phenotype by mannosylated egg white in orally induced allergy in BALB/c mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9479-9487. [PMID: 25213646 DOI: 10.1021/jf503109r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are attributed to an imbalance in immune response to ubiquitous antigens. A previous study demonstrated that mannose glycation (mannosylation) of ovalbumin decreased allergenicity in vivo. The proposed research targets mannosylation of various common allergens that may help prevent food allergy. Balb/c mice (n = 8) were sensitized toxin egg white, peanut, and whey and treated with mannosylated forms of the test antigens. Glucosylated peanut and cholera toxins were used as controls. Allergic status was assessed as clinical signs, serum histamine, mouse mast cell protease (MMCP), antibody activity, cytokines, and T regulatory cells (T-regs). Significant preventative effects were observed with mannosylated egg white treatment such as reduced clinical signs, histamine, MMCP, specific G, G1, and E antibody activities, and IL-4 and increased IL-10 and CD25(+) Foxp3(+) cells. Other groups did not differ significantly. It was concluded that mannosylated egg white provides a powerful tool to prevent allergic phenotypes with possible relevance to control human egg allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithy Rupa
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Seo S, L'Hocine L, Karboune S. Allergenicity of potato proteins and of their conjugates with galactose, galactooligosaccharides, and galactan in native, heated, and digested forms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3591-3598. [PMID: 24661320 DOI: 10.1021/jf5003073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of glycation of potato proteins on their immunoreactivity was studied by using a pool of human sera with specific IgE to potato proteins. Patatin conjugates were more immunoreactive than protease inhibitors ones. To better understand this behavior, the changes in patatin structure upon glycation and heat treatment were investigated. Patatin demonstrated an increase in total immunoreactivity when glycated with galactose and galactooligosaccharides. However, galactan conjugation to patatin resulted in a decrease in immunoreactivity by restricting IgE's access to the epitopes. Although the heat treatment resulted in a decrease in patatin's immunoreactivity through aggregation, it was less effective when patatin conjugates were used due to the decrease in aggregation and the secondary structural changes. Upon digestion, native patatin exhibited the largest decrease in immunoreactivity resulting from the disruption of both conformational and sequential epitopes. Patatin conjugates were less digested and had higher IgE-immunoreactivity as compared to the digested patatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyoun Seo
- Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry Department, McGill University , 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3 V9
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Murakami D, Kubo K, Sawatsubashi M, Kikkawa S, Ejima M, Saito A, Kato A, Komune S. Phase I/II study of oral immunotherapy with Cry j1-galactomannan conjugate for Japanese cedar pollinosis. Auris Nasus Larynx 2014; 41:350-8. [PMID: 24698163 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among many immunotherapeutic approaches, oral immunotherapy (OIT) is thought to be an effective route for desensitization against a variety of allergens. However, there is little evidence that OIT is effective for airway allergic diseases such as pollen allergy. Thus, in the present study, we assessed the safety, efficacy and immune response of OIT using the Cry j1-galactomannan conjugate for Japanese cedar pollen allergy. METHODS An open trial was conducted over a period of 4 months. The OIT group comprised of 23 subjects. Treatment was initiated 1 month before the estimated pollen season and continued for 1 month. The control group (the pharmacological treatment group without OIT) comprised of 11 subjects. The symptoms and medication score, levels of allergen-specific serum antibodies, cellular components of lymphocytes and cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated throughout the pollen season. RESULTS The participants receiving OIT treatment showed significant improvements in total symptom scores and symptom-medication scores during the pollen season compared with the control group. The levels of allergen-specific serum IgG4 and IL-10 production in PBMCs were significantly increased in the OIT group compared with that in the control group. Importantly, no severe adverse effects were observed in the participants receiving OIT treatment. CONCLUSION Short-term OIT using the Cry j1-galactomannan conjugate is effective, relatively safe and induces tolerant immune responses such as increased allergen-specific serum IgG4 and IL-10 production in PBMCs. These results suggest that OIT using allergen-galactomannan conjugates may provide a rapid, effective, and safe immunotherapy regimen for cedar pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Kubo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chidoribashi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sawatsubashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kikkawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ejima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Biobusiness Propulsion Group, Biobusiness Propulsion Division, Wako Filter Technology Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akio Kato
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shizuo Komune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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12
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Rupa P, Nakamura S, Katayama S, Mine Y. Effects of ovalbumin glycoconjugates on alleviation of orally induced egg allergy in mice via dendritic-cell maturation and T-cell activation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:405-17. [PMID: 24124125 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Glycation of allergens via Maillard reaction or chemical conjugation has been shown to influence susceptibility to food-induced allergies. It is hypothesized that mucosal immune response bias can be favorably altered by orally administering various forms of glycated ovalbumin (OVA). METHODS AND RESULTS Groups of Balb/c mice (n = 10) were orally sensitized to OVA and administered various forms of glycated OVA (glucose, mannose, glucomannan, galactomannan, and a mixture containing OVA and glucomannan). Outcomes post oral challenge were measured as clinical allergic signs, serum histamine, mouse mast cell protease 1 (MMCP-1), antibody activity, type-1/2 cytokines, percentage of T-regulatory cells (T-regs) and in vitro dendritic cell, and T-cell-related mechanisms. Clinical signs and specific IgE were decreased (p ≤ 0.05), and T-reg cell percentage was increased in the mannose and glucomannan treated groups. The OVA-mannose group also had less histamine, MMCP-1, specific IgG, IL-4 and IL-17, and more IL-12p70 (p ≤ 0.05). Other parameters measured did not differ significantly among groups. Also, OVA-glycated mannose reduced maturation and uptake by dendritic cells. Less activation of T cells and type-2 cytokine response in DC-T-cell cocultures were observed with OVA-glycated mannose stimulation. CONCLUSION This study validates, for the first time, the use of OVA-glycated mannose and glucomannan for potential beneficial dietary interventions for allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithy Rupa
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Yang ZH, Li C, Li YY, Wang ZH. Effects of Maillard reaction on allergenicity of buckwheat allergen Fag t 3 during thermal processing. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1510-1515. [PMID: 23165788 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fag t 3 is a major allergenic protein in tartary buckwheat. The Maillard reaction commonly occurs in food processing, but few studies have been conducted on the influence of thermal processing on the allergenic potential of buckwheat allergen. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of autologous plant polysaccharides on the immunoreactivity of buckwheat Fag t 3 (11S globulin) following the Maillard reaction. RESULTS Fag t 3 and crude polysaccharides were prepared from tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) flour. After heating, the polysaccharides were covalently linked to Fag t 3 via a Maillard reaction, and the IgE/IgG-binding properties of Fag t 3 decreased dramatically, with significant changes also being observed in the electrophoretic mobility, secondary structure and solubility of the glycated Fag t 3. The great influence of glycation on IgE/IgG binding to Fag t 3 was correlated with a significant change in the structure and epitopes of the allergenic protein. These data indicated that conjugation of polysaccharides to Fag t 3 markedly reduced the allergen's immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION Glycation that occurs via the Maillard reaction during the processing of buckwheat food may be an efficient method to reduce Fag t 3 allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Huang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Al-Ghouleh A, Johal R, Sharquie IK, Emara M, Harrington H, Shakib F, Ghaemmaghami AM. The glycosylation pattern of common allergens: the recognition and uptake of Der p 1 by epithelial and dendritic cells is carbohydrate dependent. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33929. [PMID: 22479478 PMCID: PMC3316510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergens are initiators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. They are recognised at the site of entry by epithelial and dendritic cells (DCs), both of which activate innate inflammatory circuits that can collectively induce Th2 immune responses. In an attempt to have a better understanding of the role of carbohydrates in the recognition and uptake of allergens by the innate immune system, we defined common glycosylation patterns in major allergens. This was done using labelled lectins and showed that allergens like Der p 1 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 1), Fel d 1 (Felis domisticus), Ara h 1 (Arachis hypogaea), Der p 2 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 2), Bla g 2 (Blattella germanica) and Can f 1 (Canis familiaris) are glycosylated and that the main dominant sugars on these allergens are 1-2, 1-3 and 1-6 mannose. These observations are in line with recent reports implicating the mannose receptor (MR) in allergen recognition and uptake by DCs and suggesting a major link between glycosylation and allergen recognition. We then looked at TSLP (Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin) cytokine secretion by lung epithelia upon encountering natural Der p 1 allergen. TSLP is suggested to drive DC maturation in support of allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Our data showed an increase in TSLP secretion by lung epithelia upon stimulation with natural Der p 1 which was carbohydrate dependent. The deglycosylated preparation of Der p 1 exhibited minimal uptake by DCs compared to the natural and hyperglycosylated recombinant counterparts, with the latter being taken up more readily than the other preparations. Collectively, our data indicate that carbohydrate moieties on allergens play a vital role in their recognition by innate immune cells, implicating them in downstream deleterious Th2 cell activation and IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Ghouleh
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Division of Immunology, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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