1
|
Meng M, Zhai Z, Zhang Z, Kim J, Zhu Y. Metabolic pathway of tebuconazole by soil fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1385-1393. [PMID: 37843736 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole is the most widely used fungicide in agriculture. Due to its long half-life, tebuconazole residues can be found in the environment media such as in soil and water bodies. Here, the metabolic pathway of tebuconazole was studied in Cunninghamella elegans (C. elegans). Approximately 98% of tebuconazole was degraded within 7 days, accompanied by the accumulation of five metabolites. The structures of the metabolites were completely or tentatively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). To identify representative oxidative enzymes that may be involved in the metabolic process, treatment with piperonyl butoxide (PB) and methimazole (MZ) was performed. PB had a strong inhibitory effect on the metabolic reactions, while MZ had a weak inhibitory effect. The results suggest that cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-dependent monooxygenase are involved in the metabolism of tebuconazole. Based on the results, we propose a metabolic pathway for the fungal metabolism of tebuconazole. Data are of interest to gain insight into the toxicological effects of tebuconazole and for tebuconazole bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Meng
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaochi Zhai
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jeonghan Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-Ro, Silim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongzhe Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibrahim ARS, Mansour MK, Ahmed MMA, Ulber R, Zayed A. Metabolism of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds in Cunninghamella fungi and their applications in drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106801. [PMID: 37643568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of xenobiotic metabolism is a key step for drug discovery. Since the in vivo investigations may be associated with harmful effects attributed to production of toxic metabolites, it is deemed necessary to predict their structure especially at the preliminary clinical studies. Furthermore, the application of microorganisms that are capable of metabolizing drugs mimic human metabolism and consequently may predict possible metabolites. The genus Cunninghamella has been proven to be a potential candidate, which mimics xenobiotic metabolism occurring inside the human body, including phase I and II metabolic reactions. Moreover, biotransformation with Cunninghamella showed chemical diversity, where a lot of products were detected in relation to the initial substrates after being modified by oxidation, hydroxylation, and conjugation reactions. Some of these products are more bioactive than the parent compounds. The current review presents a comprehensive literature overview regarding the Cunninghamella organisms as biocatalysts, which simulate mammalian metabolism of natural secondary and synthetic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahim S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Geish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mai K Mansour
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza 11553, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Geish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng M, Zhai Z, Zhang Z, Kim J, Zhu Y. Metabolism of an insecticide fipronil by soil fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:264. [PMID: 37316622 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the metabolic pathway of the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil in Cunninghamella elegans (C. elegans) was investigated. Approximately 92% of fipronil was removed within 5 days, and seven metabolites were accumulated simultaneously. The structures of the metabolites were completely or tentatively identified by GC-MS and 1H, 13C NMR. To determine the oxidative enzymes involved in metabolism, piperonyl butoxide (PB) and methimazole (MZ) were used, and the kinetic responses of fipronil and its metabolites were determined. PB strongly inhibited fipronil metabolism, while MZ weakly inhibited its metabolism. The results suggest that cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-dependent monooxygenase (FMO) may participate in fipronil metabolism. Integrated metabolic pathways can be inferred from the control and inhibitor experiments. Several novel products from the fungal transformation of fipronil were identified, and similarities between C. elegans transformation and mammalian metabolism of fipronil were compared. Therefore, these results will help to gain insight into the fungal degradation of fipronil and potential applications in fipronil bioremediation. At present, microbial degradation of fipronil is the most promising approach and maintains environmental sustainability. In addition, the ability of C. elegans to mimic mammalian metabolism will assist in illustrating the metabolic fate of fipronil in mammalian hepatocytes and assess its toxicity and potential adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Meng
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaochi Zhai
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jeonghan Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Silim-dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongzhe Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Meng M, Wu Q, Kim JH, Zhu Y. Biodegradation and metabolic pathway of quinalphos by Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112. Biotechnol Lett 2023:10.1007/s10529-023-03393-9. [PMID: 37195489 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Quinalphos is a long-term, wide-spectrum organophosphate insecticide with residual problems in the natural environment. Cunninghamella elegans (C. elegans) is a member of Mucoromycotina. Since the degradation products of its exogenous compounds are similar to those of mammals, it is often used to simulate the metabolism pathways of mammals. In this study, the detailed metabolic pathways of quinalphos were investigated with C. elegans. Quinalphos was degraded by 92% in 7 days, while ten metabolites were produced. The metabolites were analyzed and identified by GC-MS. To determine the responsible enzymes in quinalphos metabolism, piperonyl butoxide (PB) and methimazole included in the culture flasks, and the kinetic responses of quinalphos and its metabolites by C. elegans were measured. Results indirectly demonstrated that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases were involved in the metabolism of quinalphos, but that methimazole inhibited the metabolism less efficiently. Comprehensive metabolic pathways can be deduced from the detailed analysis of metabolite profiles in control and inhibitor assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao, 266-109, Shandong, China
| | - Min Meng
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao, 266-109, Shandong, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao, 266-109, Shandong, China
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Silim-dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongzhe Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao, 266-109, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao J, Liu S, Gao Y, Ma M, Yan X, Cheng D, Wan D, Zeng Z, Yu P, Gong D. Characterization of a novel lipase from Bacillus licheniformis NCU CS-5 for applications in detergent industry and biodegradation of 2,4-D butyl ester. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:126-136. [PMID: 33548313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation has become the most promising approach to degrading organic ester compounds. In this study, Bacillus licheniformis NCU CS-5 was isolated from the spoilage of Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel, and its extracellular lipase was purified, with a specific activity of 192.98 U/mg. The lipase was found to be a trimeric protein as it showed a single band of 27 kDa in SDS-PAGE and 81 kDa in Native-PAGE. It was active in a wide range of temperatures (5-55 °C) and pH values (6.0-9.0), and the optimal temperature and pH value were 40 °C and 8.0, respectively. The enzyme was active in the presence of various organic solvents, metal ions, inhibitors and surfactants. Both crude and purified lipase retained more than 80% activity after 5 h in the presence of commercial detergents, suggesting its great application potential in detergent industry. The highest activity was found to be towards medium- and long-chain fatty acids (C6-C18). Peptide mass spectrometric analysis of the purified lipase showed similarity to the lipase family of B. licheniformis. Furthermore, it degraded more than 90% 2,4-D butyl ester to its hydrolysate 2,4-D within 24 h, indicating that the novel lipase may be applied to degrade organic ester pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shichang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yifang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Maomao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xianghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ding Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Dongman Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zheling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research, 8 Ha Crescent, Auckland 2104, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao MA, Gu H, Zhang CJ, Jeong IH, Kim JH, Zhu YZ. Metabolism of insecticide diazinon by Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19659-19668. [PMID: 35515422 PMCID: PMC9054078 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal metabolism of diazinon was investigated and the microbial model (Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112) could effectively degrade the organophosphorus pesticide (diazinon) mediated by cytochrome P450, which was mainly involved in oxidation and hydrolysis of phase I metabolism. Approximately 89% of diazinon was removed within 7 days and was not observed after 13 days with concomitant accumulation of eight metabolites. Structures of the metabolites were fully or tentatively identified with GC-MS and 1H, 13C NMR. The major metabolites of diazinon were diethyl (2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl) phosphate (diazoxon) and 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (pyrimidinol), and formation of minor metabolites was primarily the result of hydroxylation. To determine the responsible enzymes in diazinon metabolism, piperonyl butoxide and methimazole were treated, and the kinetic responses of diazinon and its metabolites by Cunninghamella elegans were measured. Results indirectly demonstrated that cytochrome P450 and flavin monooxygenase were involved in the metabolism of diazinon, but methimazole inhibited the metabolism less effectively. Based on the metabolic profiling, a possible metabolic pathway involved in phase I metabolism of diazinon was proposed, which would contribute to providing insight into understanding the toxicological effects of diazinon and the potential application of fungi on organophosphorus pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University Changcheng Rd, Chengyang Qingdao City Shandong Province 266-109 China
| | - Hao Gu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University Changcheng Rd, Chengyang Qingdao City Shandong Province 266-109 China +86-532-8803-0220 +86-133-5532-5000
| | - Chuan-Jie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu Province 225-009 China
| | - In-Hong Jeong
- Division of Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University 599 Gwanak-ro, Silim-dong, Gwanak-Gu Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Zhe Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University Changcheng Rd, Chengyang Qingdao City Shandong Province 266-109 China +86-532-8803-0220 +86-133-5532-5000
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang W, Chen X, Yan H, Hu J, Liu X. Complete genome sequence of the cyprodinil-degrading bacterium Acinetobacter johnsonii LXL_C1. Microb Pathog 2019; 127:246-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
8
|
Palmer-Brown W, de Melo Souza PL, Murphy CD. Cyhalothrin biodegradation in Cunninghamella elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1414-1421. [PMID: 30426373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide λ-cyhalothrin was incubated with planktonic and biofilm cultures of the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that the compound was initially biosorbed to the biomass and more slowly degraded by the fungus. Furthermore, the presence of trifluoromethyl-containing metabolites was observed. Analysis of culture extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified non-fluorinated metabolites that suggested the likely catabolic pathway. The hydroxylated metabolites were probably generated from the action of cytochromes P450 (CYPs), as the presence of CYP inhibitors resulted in the absence of biodegradation. Planktonic cells were measurably faster at degrading the pesticide compared with biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Palmer-Brown
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Cormac D Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu YZ, Fu M, Jeong IH, Kim JH, Zhang CJ. Metabolism of an Insecticide Fenitrothion by Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10711-10718. [PMID: 29144738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the detailed metabolic pathways of fenitrothion (FNT), an organophosphorus insecticide by Cunninghamella elegans, were investigated. Approximately 81% of FNT was degraded within 5 days after treatment with concomitant accumulation of four metabolites (M1-M4). The four metabolites were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were identified by mass spectroscopy and/or nuclear magnetic resonance. M3 is confirmed to be an initial precursor of others and identified as fenitrothion-oxon. On the basis of their metabolic profiling, the possible metabolic pathways involved in phase I and II metabolism of FNT by C. elegans was proposed. We also found that C. elegans was able to efficiently and rapidly degrade other organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). Thus, these results will provide insight into understanding of the fungal degradation of FNT and the potential application for bioremediation of OPs. Furthermore, the ability of C. elegans to mimic mammalian metabolism would help us elucidate the metabolic fates of organic compounds occurring in mammalian liver cells and evaluate their toxicity and potential adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhe Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Qingdao Agricultural University , 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Fu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Qingdao Agricultural University , 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - In-Hong Jeong
- Division of Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration , 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University , 599 Gwanak-ro, Silim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuan-Jie Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut , 1376 Storrs Road, U-4163, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiao L, Jia HF, Jeong IH, Ahn YJ, Zhu YZ. Isolation and Characterization of 2,4-D Butyl Ester Degrading Acinetobacter sp. ZX02 from a Chinese Ginger Cultivated Soil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7345-7351. [PMID: 28771369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strain ZX02 was isolated from Chinese ginger cultivated soil contaminated with various pesticides, which could utilize 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid butyl ester (2,4-D butyl ester) as the sole carbon source. On the basis of the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene as well as the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of strain ZX02, the organism belonged to Gram-negative bacterium and was identified as Acinetobacter sp. ZX02. The strain ZX02 showed a remarkable performance in 2,4-D butyl ester degradation (100% removal in <96 h) in pure culture. Strain ZX02 was sensitive to tetracycline and resistant to amoxicillin and chloramphenicol in an antibiotic sensitivity test. The curing study indicates that the gene for degradation of 2,4-D butyl ester was encoded on a single plasmid of 23 kb. The gene encoding resistance to polymixin B sulfate was also located on this plasmid. On the basis of its greater biodegradation activity, this bacterium is a potential candidate as a bioremediation agent in soils contaminated with 2,4-D butyl ester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University , Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, Shandong 266-109, China
| | - Hai-Fei Jia
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University , Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, Shandong 266-109, China
| | - In-Hong Jeong
- Division of Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration , Jeonju 55365, Jeollabuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Zhe Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University , Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, Shandong 266-109, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lim DS, Lim DH, Lee JH, Oh ET, Keum YS. Structure-Oxidative Metabolism Relationships of Substituted Flavones by Aspergillus niger. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3056-3064. [PMID: 28322046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is a rich source of oxidative enzymes, which are important for many industrial applications. However, systematic evaluation of their metabolic characteristics is limited. In this study, structure-dependent metabolism of flavones by Aspergillus niger were investigated with synthetic substrates. Metabolic inhibitor studies suggested that cytochrome P450s are the major enzymes in oxidative metabolism. The reactions include ring hydroxylation, O-demethylation, sulfone/sulfoxide formation, and oxidation of alkyls to carboxy groups. Initial oxidative metabolism occurred almost exclusively at 4'-substituents. 4'-Halogenated- and 3',5'-dihalogenated analogues were stable against biodegradation. Hydrophilic flavones were more rapidly metabolized than lipophilic analogues. Molecular widths of the A and B ring were important determinants of the position of metabolic oxidation and biotransformation rate. The structure-metabolism relationship analysis indicates that the shape of the B ring was the most important parameter of biotransformation. The electrostatic environment of the same ring also affected the transformation. Additionally, the results showed that the B ring may preferentially be oriented toward the catalytic center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Som Lim
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Lim
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Tae Oh
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Trends and Challenges in Pesticide Resistance Detection. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:834-853. [PMID: 27475253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide resistance is a crucial factor to be considered when developing strategies for the minimal use of pesticides while maintaining pesticide efficacy. This goal requires monitoring the emergence and development of resistance to pesticides in crop pests. To this end, various methods for resistance diagnosis have been developed for different groups of pests. This review provides an overview of biological, biochemical, and molecular methods that are currently used to detect and quantify pesticide resistance. The agronomic, technical, and economic advantages and drawbacks of each method are considered. Emerging technologies are also described, with their associated challenges and their potential for the detection of resistance mechanisms likely to be selected by current and future plant protection methods.
Collapse
|