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Zang B, Qiu Z, Zheng Z, Zhang B, Qiao X. Quality Improvement of Garlic Paste by Whey Protein Isolate Combined with High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071500. [PMID: 37048321 PMCID: PMC10094670 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic, one of the most popular spices and medical herbs, has a unique pungent flavor and taste. Conventional homogenization and thermal treatment commonly lead to flavor and color deterioration in garlic paste, because allicin is highly susceptible to degradation and reaction. The present study was to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate (WPI) and different levels of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 MPa) on the quality of garlic paste. Results showed that the addition of WPI in the homogenization of garlic significantly prevented green discoloration. Furthermore, WPI plus HHP under 500 MPa could better protect the color of garlic paste. Higher pressure (600 MPa) led to WPI aggregation, resulting in higher green color chroma of garlic paste. GC-MS results revealed that the application of WPI and HHP in garlic paste increased the relative level of pungent flavor compounds and decreased those of unpleasant odor compounds. The correlation analysis results revealed that WPI efficiently prevented garlic green discoloration, which is attributed to the thiol group in WPI exchanging the sulfonyl groups in allicin. In consideration of the microbial load, flavor and color quality of garlic paste, the optimal processing conditions were found at 500 MPa for 5 min with 2% WPI addition, extending shelf life to 25 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyuan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Zhichang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xuguang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
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Preparation and structural characterization of allicin and whey protein isolate conjugates. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lu Y, Zhang M, Huang D. Dietary Organosulfur-Containing Compounds and Their Health-Promotion Mechanisms. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2022; 13:287-313. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-052720-010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dietary organosulfur-containing compounds (DOSCs) in fruits, vegetables, and edible mushrooms may hold the key to the health-promotion benefits of these foods. Yet their action mechanisms are not clear, partially due to their high reactivity, which leads to the formation of complex compounds during postharvest processing. Among postharvest processing methods, thermal treatment is the most common way to process these edible plants rich in DOSCs, which undergo complex degradation pathways with the generation of numerous derivatives over a short time. At low temperatures, DOSCs are biotransformed slowly during fermentation to different metabolites (e.g., thiols, sulfides, peptides), whose distinctive biological activity remains largely unexplored. In this review, we discuss the bioavailability of DOSCs in human digestion before illustrating their potential mechanisms for health promotion related to cardiovascular health, cancer chemoprevention, and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. In particular, it is interesting that different DOSCs react with glutathione or cysteine, leading to the slow release of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which has broad bioactivity in chronic disease prevention. In addition, DOSCs may interact with protein thiol groups of different protein targets of importance related to inflammation and phase II enzyme upregulation, among other action pathways critical for health promotion. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Volume 13 is March 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Molan Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Jiangsu, China
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Tocmo R, Parkin K. S-1-propenylmercaptocysteine protects murine hepatocytes against oxidative stress via persulfidation of Keap1 and activation of Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:164-175. [PMID: 31349040 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The onion-derived metabolite, S-1-propenylmercaptocysteine (CySSPe), protects against oxidative stress and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cellular redox homeostasis. We sought to establish whether CySSPe activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and whether activation of Nrf2 by CySSPe involves modification of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1) to manifest these effects. We found that CySSPe stabilized Nrf2 protein and facilitated nuclear translocation to induce expression of antioxidant enzymes, including NQO1, HO-1, and GCL. Moreover, CySSPe attenuated tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity and dose-dependently inhibited reactive oxygen species production. Silencing experiments using Nrf2-siRNA confirmed that CySSPe conferred protection against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2. CySSPe enhanced cellular pool of reduced glutathione (GSH) and improved GSH:GSSG ratio. Pretreatment of cells with l-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) confirmed that CySSPe increases de novo synthesis of GSH by upregulating expression of the GSH-synthesizing enzyme GCL. Treatment of cells with CySSPe elevated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production. Inhibition of H2S-synthesizing enzymes, cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), by pretreating cells with propargylglycine (PAG) and oxyaminoacetic acid (AOAA) revealed that H2S production was partially dependent on a CSE/CBS-catalyzed β-elimination reaction with CySSPe that likely produced 1-propenyl persulfide (RSSH). Depleting cells of their GSH pool by exposure to BSO and diethylmaleate attenuated H2S production, suggesting a GSH-dependent formation of H2S, likely via the reduction of RSSH by GSH. Finally, treatment of cells with CySSPe persulfidated Keap1, which may be the mechanism involved for the stabilization of Nrf2 by CySSPe. Taken together, our results showed that attenuation of oxidative stress by CySSPe is associated with its ability to produce H2S or RSSH, which persulfidates Keap1 and activates Nrf2 signaling. This study provides insights on the potential of CySSPe as an onion-derived dietary agent that modulates redox homeostasis and combats oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Restituto Tocmo
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Kirk Parkin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Tocmo R, Parkin K. S-Alk(en)ylmercaptocysteine suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in murine macrophages through inhibition of NF-κB pathway and modulation of thiol redox status. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:548-558. [PMID: 30342185 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Allium vegetable-derived metabolite, S-alk(en)ylmercaptocysteine (CySSR), has been reported to modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. However, the underlying mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships are not completely understood. We investigated the mechanistic basis of the protective effects of CySSR on pro-inflammatory responses involving redox/oxidative stress induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using RAW 264.7 cells. CySSR (R = allyl, "A" or 1-propenyl, "Pe") pre-treatments conferred concentration-dependent reductions in cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), NO production and iNOS (inducible nitric synthase) overexpression, and attenuated oxidant production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells where viability remained > 90%. These protective effects were manifested through inhibited activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via suppression of the IκB kinases (IKK) phosphorylation possibly by transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 or a kinase further upstream the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway. The attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation by CySSRs was associated with enhanced levels of cellular cysteine (CySH) and glutathione (GSH) mediated by cellular import/reduction of CySSR and the induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), one of > 200 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulated proteins. The reduction of anti-inflammatory effect of CySSR following pretreatment of cells with L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) implicates GSH having a major role in reducing inflammation, likely in the context of other Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes that scavenge H2O2 and peroxides using GSH as co-substrate. The anti-inflammatory effect of CySSPe was significantly greater than CySSA for almost all indicators measured, and cell metabolites of CySSRs may have a role in attenuating NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Restituto Tocmo
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Kirk Parkin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Tocmo R, Parkin K. Data on chromatographic isolation of cysteine mixed-disulfide conjugates of Allium thiosulfinates and their role in cellular thiol redox modulation. Data Brief 2018; 21:1445-1450. [PMID: 30456269 PMCID: PMC6234261 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This data article contains experimental data on the preparation and semi-preparative isolation of S-Alk(en)ylmercaptocysteine (CySSRs, R = allyl, “A”, 1-propenyl, “Pe” or methyl, “Me”) generated through conjugation reactions between allyl and 1-propenyl enriched thiosulfinates (TS) and cysteine. The data presented are related to the research article “S-Alk(en)ylmercaptocysteine suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in murine macrophages through inhibition of NF-κB pathway and modulation of thiol redox status” (Tocmo and Parkin, in press). In this data article, we included a detailed procedure for CySSR preparation, their purification through semi-preparative chromatography and their toxicity profiles in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Data included also highlight, the ability of CySSRs to modulate intracellular thiol redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Restituto Tocmo
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Kirk Parkin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
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Allicin inhibits lymphangiogenesis through suppressing activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 29:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nakabayashi R, Sawada Y, Aoyagi M, Yamada Y, Hirai MY, Sakurai T, Kamoi T, Rowan DD, Saito K. Chemical Assignment of Structural Isomers of Sulfur-Containing Metabolites in Garlic by Liquid Chromatography-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance-Mass Spectrometry. J Nutr 2016; 146:397S-402S. [PMID: 26764333 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.202317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemical assignment of metabolites is crucial to understanding the relation between food composition and biological activity. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to detect and chemically assign sulfur-containing metabolites by using LC-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) in Allium plants. METHODS Ultrahigh resolution (>250,000 full width at half-maximum) and mass accuracy (<1 mDa) by FTICR-MS allowed us to distinguish ions containing sulfur isotopes ((32)S and (34)S). RESULTS Putative 69 S-containing monoisotopic ions (S-ions) were extracted from the metabolome data of onion (Allium cepa), green onion (Allium fistulosum), and garlic (Allium sativum) on the basis of theoretical mass differences between (32)S-ions and their (34)S-substituted counterparts and on the natural abundance of (34)S. Eight S-ions were chemically assigned by using the reference data according to the guidelines of the Metabolomics Standards Initiative. Three ions detected in garlic were assigned as derived from the isomers γ-glutamyl-S-1-propenylcysteine and γ-glutamyl-S-2-propenylcysteine and as S-2-propenylmercaptoglutathione on the basis of differences in key product ions identified in reference tandem MS spectra. CONCLUSION The ability to discriminate between such geometric isomers will be extremely useful for the chemical assignment of unknown metabolites in MS-based metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Morihiro Aoyagi
- Central Research and Development Institute, House Foods Group, Inc., Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Sakurai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kamoi
- Central Research and Development Institute, House Foods Group, Inc., Chiba, Japan
| | - Daryl D Rowan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand; and
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Mülek M, Fekete A, Wiest J, Holzgrabe U, Mueller MJ, Högger P. Profiling a gut microbiota-generated catechin metabolite's fate in human blood cells using a metabolomic approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:71-81. [PMID: 26025814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The microbial catechin metabolite δ-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-γ-valerolactone (M1) has been found in human plasma samples after intake of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol). M1 has been previously shown to accumulate in endothelial and blood cells in vitro after facilitated uptake and to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of the present research approach was to systematically and comprehensively analyze the metabolism of M1 in human blood cells in vitro and in vivo. A metabolomic approach that had been successfully applied for drug metabolite profiling was chosen to detect 19 metabolite peaks of M1 which were subsequently further analyzed and validated. The metabolites were categorized into three levels of identification according to the Metabolomics Standards Initiative with six compounds each confirmed at levels 1 and 2 and seven putative metabolites at level 3. The predominant metabolites were glutathione conjugates which were rapidly formed and revealed prolonged presence within the cells. Although a formation of an intracellular conjugate of M1 and glutathione (M1-GSH) was already known two GSH conjugate isomers, M1-S-GSH and M1-N-GSH were observed in the current study. Additionally detected organosulfur metabolites were conjugates with oxidized glutathione and cysteine. Other biotransformation products constituted the open-chained ester form of M1 and a methylated M1. Six of the metabolites determined in in vitro assays were also detected in blood cells in vivo after ingestion of the pine bark extract by two volunteers. The present study provides the first evidence that multiple and structurally heterogeneous polyphenol metabolites can be generated in human blood cells. The bioactivity of the M1 metabolites and their contribution to the previously determined anti-inflammatory effects of M1 now need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mülek
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Wiest
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Högger
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Würzburg, Germany.
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Zhang W, Xiao H, Parkin KL. Apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced by S-alkenylmercaptocysteine (CySSR) species derived from Allium tissues in combination with sodium selenite. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 68:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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