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Spahr A, Divnic‐Resnik T. Impact of health and lifestyle food supplements on periodontal tissues and health. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:146-175. [PMID: 35916868 PMCID: PMC9804634 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
According to the new classification, periodontitis is defined as a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. This definition, based on the current scientific evidence, clearly indicates and emphasizes, beside the microbial component dental biofilm, the importance of the inflammatory reaction in the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. The idea to modulate this inflammatory reaction in order to decrease or even cease the progressive destruction was, therefore, a logical consequence. Attempts to achieve this goal involve various kinds of anti-inflammatory drugs or medications. However, there is also an increasing effort in using food supplements or so-called natural food ingredients to modulate patients' immune responses and maybe even improve the healing of periodontal tissues. The aim of this chapter of Periodontology 2000 is to review the evidence of various food supplements and ingredients regarding their possible effects on periodontal inflammation and wound healing. This review may help researchers and clinicians to evaluate the current evidence and to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Spahr
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tihana Divnic‐Resnik
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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2
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Zhang W, Xu R, Jin X, Wang Y, Hu L, Zhang T, Du G, Kang Z. Enzymatic Production of Chondroitin Oligosaccharides and Its Sulfate Derivatives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:951740. [PMID: 35910011 PMCID: PMC9326237 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.951740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) has a wide range of physiological functions and clinical applications. However, the biosynthesis of chondroitin oligosaccharides (o-CHs) and sulfate derivatives with specific length is always challenging. Herein, we report enzymatic strategies for producing homogeneous o-CHs and its sulfate derivatives from microbial sourced chondroitin. Chondroitin disaccharides, tetrasaccharides, hexasaccharides, octasaccharides, and decasaccharides with defined structure were produced by controllably depolymerizing microbial sourced chondroitin with an engineered chondroitinase ABC I. The highest conversion rates of the above corresponding o-CHs were 65.5%, 32.1%, 12.7%, 7.2%, and 16.3%, respectively. A new efficient enzymatic sulfation system that directly initiates from adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and sulfate was developed and improved the sulfation of chondroitin from 8.3% to 85.8% by optimizing the temperature, sulfate and ATP concentration. o-CHs decasaccharide, octasaccharide, hexasaccharide, tetrasaccharide and disaccharide were modified and the corresponding sulfate derivatives with one sulfate group were prepared. The enzymatic approaches constructed here for preparing o-CHs and its sulfate derivatives pave the way for the study of structure-activity relationship and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuerong Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Litao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Guocheng Du, ; Zhen Kang,
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Guocheng Du, ; Zhen Kang,
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Ewald CY. Drug Screening Implicates Chondroitin Sulfate as a Potential Longevity Pill. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:741843. [PMID: 35821992 PMCID: PMC9261418 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.741843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Discovering compounds that promote health during aging ("geroprotectors") is key to the retardation of age-related pathologies and the prevention of chronic age-related diseases. In in-silico and model organisms' lifespan screens, chondroitin sulfate has emerged as a geroprotective compound. Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan attached to extracellular matrix proteins and is naturally produced by our body. Oral supplementation of chondroitin sulfate shows a high tolerance in humans, preferable pharmacokinetics, a positive correlation with healthy human longevity, and efficacy in deceleration of age-related diseases in randomized clinical trials. We have recently shown that chondroitin sulfate supplementation increases the lifespan of C. elegans. Thus, chondroitin sulfate holds the potential to become a geroprotective strategy to promote health during human aging. This review discusses the two major potential mechanisms of action, extracellular matrix homeostasis and inhibition of inflammation, that counteract age-related pathologies upon chondroitin sulfate supplementation.
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Ji XK, Madhurapantula SV, He G, Wang KY, Song CH, Zhang JY, Wang KJ. Genetic variant of cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric cancer: More inflammation and susceptibility. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4653-4666. [PMID: 34366627 PMCID: PMC8326261 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer accounts for the majority cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although various methods have considerably improved the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of gastric cancer, its incidence is still high in Asia, and the 5-year survival rate of advanced gastric cancer patients is only 10%-20%. Therefore, more effective drugs and better screening strategies are needed for reducing the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is considered to be the key inducible enzyme in prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis, which is involved in multiple pathways in the inflammatory response. For example, inflammatory cytokines stimulate innate immune responses via Toll-like receptors and nuclear factor-kappa B to induce COX-2/PGE2 pathway. In these processes, the production of an inflammatory microenvironment promotes the occurrence of gastric cancer. Epidemiological studies have also indicated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the risk of malignant tumors of the digestive system by blocking the effect of COX-2. However, clinical use of COX-2 inhibitors to prevent or treat gastric cancer may be limited because of potential side effects, especially in the cardiovascular system. Given these side effects and low treatment efficacy, new therapeutic approaches and early screening strategies are urgently needed. Some studies have shown that genetic variation in COX-2 also play an important role in carcinogenesis. However, the genetic variation analysis in these studies is incomplete and isolated, pointing out only a few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of gastric cancer, and no comprehensive study covering the whole gene region has been carried out. In addition, copy number variation (CNV) is not mentioned. In this review, we summarize the SNPs in the whole COX-2 gene sequence, including exons, introns, and both the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Results suggest that COX-2 does not increase its expression through the CNV and the SNPs in COX-2 may serve as the potential marker to establish risk stratification in the general population. This review synthesizes emerging insights of COX-2 as a biomarker in multiple studies, summarizes the association between whole COX-2 sequence variation and susceptibility to gastric cancer, and discusses the future prospect of therapeutic intervention, which will be helpful for early screening and further research to find new approaches to gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Ke Ji
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Sailaja Vatsalya Madhurapantula
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Gui He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Kun-Yan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Chun-Hua Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Kai-Juan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
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Wu F, Zhou C, Zhou D, Ou S, Liu Z, Huang H. Immune-enhancing activities of chondroitin sulfate in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:611-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Cheng Z, Li L. Ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice through inactivating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 34:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Hong SH, Kwon JT, Lee JH, Lee S, Lee AY, Cho WY, Bat-Erdene M, Choi BD, Cho MH. Ascidian Tunicate Extracts Attenuate Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Collagen-induced Murine Model. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine rheumatoid arthritis models are often used to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of candidate drugs. The present study has been conducted in order to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ascidian tunicate extracts in a collagen-induced arthritis DBA1/J mice model. Four types of formulas, ascidian tunicate extracts (ATE), crude ascidian tunicate glycans (ATEC), ascidian tunicate extracts with licorice extracts (ATEL), and crude ascidian tunicate glycans with licorice extracts (ATECL) were orally administered into DBA/1J mice for 3 weeks and paw edema and thickness were evaluated. Changes in inflammatory proteins and cytokines levels were monitored in hind leg tissues by Western blot and quantitative PCR analysis. The oral administration of ascidian tunicate extracts alleviated paw edema and improved the histological hind leg cartilage status. The extracts also reduced the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein and prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) levels. In addition, the extracts-treated groups showed increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels compared with the non-treated group. These findings suggest that orally administered ascidian tunicate extracts might have potential therapeutic effects for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Hong
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404–708, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151–742, Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Won-Young Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151–742, Korea
| | - Munkhjargal Bat-Erdene
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology/The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, 445 Inpyeong-dong, Tondyeong 650–160, Korea
| | - Byeong-Dae Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology/The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, 445 Inpyeong-dong, Tondyeong 650–160, Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443–270, Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151–742, Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443–270, Korea
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8
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Kantor ED, Lampe JW, Navarro SL, Song X, Milne GL, White E. Associations between glucosamine and chondroitin supplement use and biomarkers of systemic inflammation. J Altern Complement Med 2014; 20:479-85. [PMID: 24738579 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in both in vitro studies and animal models; however, little is known about these relationships in humans. The VITamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) biomarker study evaluated the associations between use of these supplements and a panel of circulating inflammatory biomarkers. DESIGN Study participants included 217 men and women age 50-75 years living in the Seattle metropolitan area. Use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements was ascertained by home interview/supplement inventory. Inflammation was assessed by using blood and urine collected at the time of home interview. Measures of systemic inflammation included plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF receptors I and II, and urinary prostaglandin E2-metabolite (PGE-M). Multivariate-adjusted linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between supplement use and biomarkers of inflammation. RESULTS High users (14 or more pills/week) of chondroitin had 36% lower hsCRP (ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.04; p for trend=.03) and 27% lower PGE-M (ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.5-0.98; p for trend=.07) than nonusers. Compared with nonusers, high users of glucosamine had 28% lower hsCRP (ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.47-1.08; p for trend=.09) and 24% lower PGE-M (ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.97; p for trend=0.10). Use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements was not associated with the other markers of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These results support prior research suggesting that use of glucosamine and chondroitin is associated with reduced hsCRP and PGE2, but further work is needed to more definitively evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of these supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Kantor
- 1 Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Program , Seattle, WA
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Fedorov SN, Ermakova SP, Zvyagintseva TN, Stonik VA. Anticancer and cancer preventive properties of marine polysaccharides: some results and prospects. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4876-901. [PMID: 24317475 PMCID: PMC3877892 DOI: 10.3390/md11124876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many marine-derived polysaccharides and their analogues have been reported as showing anticancer and cancer preventive properties. These compounds demonstrate interesting activities and special modes of action, differing from each other in both structure and toxicity profile. Herein, literature data concerning anticancer and cancer preventive marine polysaccharides are reviewed. The structural diversity, the biological activities, and the molecular mechanisms of their action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Fedorov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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Kantor ED, Ulrich CM, Owen RW, Schmezer P, Neuhouser ML, Lampe JW, Peters U, Shen DD, Vaughan TL, White E. Specialty supplement use and biologic measures of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:2312-22. [PMID: 23917455 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and resulting cellular damage have been suggested to play a role in the etiology of several chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Identifying factors associated with reduced oxidative stress and resulting damage may guide future disease-prevention strategies. METHODS In the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) biomarker study of 209 persons living in the Seattle area, we examined the association between current use of several specialty supplements and oxidative stress, DNA damage, and DNA repair capacity. Use of glucosamine, chondroitin, fish oil, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), ginseng, ginkgo, and saw palmetto was ascertained by a supplement inventory/interview, whereas the use of fiber supplements was ascertained by questionnaire. Supplements used by more than 30 persons (glucosamine and chondroitin) were evaluated as the trend across number of pills/week (non-use, <14 pills/week, 14+ pills/week), whereas less commonly used supplements were evaluated as use/non-use. Oxidative stress was measured by urinary 8-isoprostane and PGF2α concentrations using enzyme immunoassays (EIA), whereas lymphocyte DNA damage and DNA repair capacity were measured using the Comet assay. Multivariate-adjusted linear regression was used to model the associations between supplement use and oxidative stress/DNA damage. RESULTS Use of glucosamine (Ptrend: 0.01), chondroitin (Ptrend: 0.003), and fiber supplements (P: 0.01) was associated with reduced PGF2α concentrations, whereas CoQ10 supplementation was associated with reduced baseline DNA damage (P: 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Use of certain specialty supplements may be associated with reduced oxidative stress and DNA damage. IMPACT Further research is needed to evaluate the association between specialty supplement use and markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Kantor
- Authors' Affiliations: Public Health Sciences Division, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Departments of Epidemiology, Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases; Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Andrés RM, Payá M, Montesinos MC, Ubeda A, Navalón P, Herrero M, Vergés J, Terencio MC. Potential antipsoriatic effect of chondroitin sulfate through inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 in human keratinocytes. Pharmacol Res 2013; 70:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kantor ED, Lampe JW, Vaughan TL, Peters U, Rehm CD, White E. Association between use of specialty dietary supplements and C-reactive protein concentrations. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 176:1002-13. [PMID: 23139249 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory evidence suggests that certain specialty dietary supplements have antiinflammatory properties, though evidence in humans remains limited. Data on a nationally representative sample of 9,947 adults from the 1999-2004 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to assess the associations between specialty supplement use and inflammation, as measured by serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentration. Using survey-weighted multivariate linear regression, significant reductions in hs-CRP concentrations were associated with regular use of glucosamine (17%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7, 26), chondroitin (22%, 95% CI: 8, 33), and fish oil (16%, 95% CI: 0.3, 29). No associations were observed between hs-CRP concentration and regular use of supplements containing methylsulfonylmethane, garlic, ginkgo biloba, saw palmetto, or pycnogenol. These results suggest that glucosamine and chondroitin supplements are associated with reduced inflammation in humans and provide further evidence to support an inverse association between use of fish oil supplements and inflammation. It is important to further investigate the potential antiinflammatory role of these supplements, as there is a need to identify safe and effective ways to reduce inflammation and the burden of inflammation-related diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Kantor
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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Bell GA, Kantor ED, Lampe JW, Shen DD, White E. Use of glucosamine and chondroitin in relation to mortality. Eur J Epidemiol 2012; 27:593-603. [PMID: 22828954 PMCID: PMC3557824 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-012-9714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucosamine and chondroitin are products commonly used by older adults in the US and Europe. There is limited evidence that they have anti-inflammatory properties, which could provide risk reduction of several diseases. However, data on their long-term health effects is lacking. To evaluate whether use of glucosamine and chondroitin are associated with cause-specific and total mortality. Participants (n = 77,510) were members of a cohort study of Washington State (US) residents aged 50-76 years who entered the cohort in 2000-2002 by completing a baseline questionnaire that included questions on glucosamine and chondroitin use. Participants were followed for mortality through 2008 (n = 5,362 deaths). Hazard ratios (HR) for death adjusted for multiple covariates were estimated using Cox models. Current (baseline) glucosamine and chondroitin use were associated with a decreased risk of total mortality compared to never use. The adjusted HR associated with current use of glucosamine (with or without chondroitin) was 0.82 (95 % CI 0.75-0.90) and 0.86 (95 % CI 0.78-0.96) for chondroitin (included in two-thirds of glucosamine supplements). Current use of glucosamine was associated with a significant decreased risk of death from cancer (HR 0.87 95 % CI 0.76-0.98) and with a large risk reduction for death from respiratory diseases (HR 0.59 95 % CI 0.41-0.83). Use of glucosamine with or without chondroitin was associated with reduced total mortality and with reductions of several broad causes of death. Although bias cannot be ruled out, these results suggest that glucosamine may provide some mortality benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffith A Bell
- Cancer Prevention Program, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Choi BD, Choi YJ. Nutraceutical functionalities of polysaccharides from marine invertebrates. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 65:11-30. [PMID: 22361178 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416003-3.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many researchers are seeking functional materials from marine resources. These marine resources can be used as traditional food additives, and specifically, these are based on polysaccharides. To date, there is a big opportunity to develop new high-value added products with indispensable functional characteristics, which can be used in nutraceuticals either as additives or supplements. Also, a crossover in the pharmaceutical market may be established. Some glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mimetic-type molecules are already being utilized in the field of nutrition as well as in the cosmetics industry. This chemical is used as a dietary supplement to maintain the structure and function of cartilages, for the relief of pain caused by osteoarthritic joints, and can also be used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Recently, in relation to the prevalence of mad cow disease and avian influenza, the production of GAGs from marine invertebrates offers new market opportunities as compared with that obtained from bovine or avian livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Dae Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Korea.
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Yamada S, Sugahara K, Ozbek S. Evolution of glycosaminoglycans: Comparative biochemical study. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:150-8. [PMID: 21655428 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.2.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans, a major component of the extracellular matrix molecules in animal tissues, play important roles in various physiological events. Glycosaminoglycans are found in not only vertebrates but also many invertebrates, implying a conserved function in the animal kingdom. Here, we discuss the analysis of glycosaminoglycans in 11 invertebrate phyla focusing on structure as well as physiological functions elucidated in model organisms. Various sulfated structures of heparan sulfate are widely distributed from very primitive organisms to humans, indicating an involvement in fundamental biological processes. By contrast, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from lower organisms is limited in its structural complexity and often associated with a particular function. The presence of hyaluronic acid outside of vertebrates has been reported only in a mollusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yamada
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics; Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
COX-2 is an inducible enzyme which is over expressed in gastric cancer tissues and plays an important role in the incidence, development and prognosis of gastric cancer by regulating the formation of vessel, inducing mutations, immune suppression, suppression of apoptosis, changing the activity of adhesion molecule to promote tumor metastasis, and so on. COX selective inhibitors can be used as one of the basic anti-tumor drugs because of their tumor suppression function in the future.
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