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David SR, Lai PPN, Chellian J, Chakravarthi S, Rajabalaya R. Influence of rutin and its combination with metformin on vascular functions in type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12423. [PMID: 37528147 PMCID: PMC10394083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work examined the effect of oral administration of rutin and its combination with metformin, an antidiabetic drug on blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides level and vascular function in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Rutin and metformin were orally administered to diabetic rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, for 4 weeks. Plasma analysis was conducted to determine changes in the plasma glucose and lipid levels. Rat aortic ring reactivity in response to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine, ACh) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) relaxants, and to the α1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE) were recorded. Histology of pancreas, liver and kidney were evaluated. In results, rutin and metformin alone and in combination has led to significant improvements in blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to diabetic group. Diabetic aortic rings showed significantly greater contraction in response to PE, and less relaxation in response to ACh and SNP. Treatment with rutin and metformin in combination significantly reduced PE-induced contraction and increased ACh-induced and SNP-induced relaxation in diabetes when compared to rutin or metformin alone. Significant histological improvements were seen with combination therapy. In conclusion, rutin and metformin combination therapy has the most potentiality for restoring blood glucose and lipid level as well as vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheba R David
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
| | - Penny Pei Ni Lai
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- SEGi University and Colleges, No. 9, Jalan Teknologi, Taman Sains Selangor, 47810, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajan Rajabalaya
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
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Zhou X, Li Z, Liu L, Sharma RP, Guan F, Fan S. Constructing two-level nonlinear mixed-effects crown width models for Moso bamboo in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1139448. [PMID: 36909393 PMCID: PMC9992983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo crown width (CW) is a reliable index for evaluating growth, yield, health and vitality of bamboo, and light capture ability and carbon fixation efficiency of bamboo forests. Based on statistical results produced from fitting the eight basic growth functions using data from 1374 Phyllostachys pubescens in Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China, this study identified the most suitable function (logistic function) to construct a two-level mixed effects (NLME) CW model with the forest block and sample plot-level effects included as random effects in the model. Four methods for selecting sample bamboos per sample plot (largest bamboo, medium-sized bamboo, smallest bamboo, and randomly selected bamboos) and eight sample sizes (1-8 selected bamboos per sample plot) were evaluated to calibrate our NLME CW model. Using diameter at breast height (DBH), height to crown base (HCB), arithmetic mean diameter at breast height (MDBH), and height (H) as predictor variables, the model produced the best fit statistics (Max R2, min RMSE, and TRE). This model was further improved by introducing random effects at two levels. The results showed a positive correlation of CW with HCB and DBH and a negative correlation with H. The smallest two bamboo poles per sample plot used to estimate the random effects of the NLME model provided a satisfactory compromise regarding measurement cost, model efficiency, and prediction accuracy. The presented NLME CW model may guide effective management and carbon estimation of bamboo forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Location Observation and Research Station of the Bamboo Forest Ecosystem in Yixing, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yixing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Location Observation and Research Station of the Bamboo Forest Ecosystem in Yixing, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yixing, China
| | - Liyang Liu
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Location Observation and Research Station of the Bamboo Forest Ecosystem in Yixing, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yixing, China
| | - Ram P. Sharma
- Institute of Forestry, Tribhuwan University, Kritipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Fengying Guan
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- National Location Observation and Research Station of the Bamboo Forest Ecosystem in Yixing, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yixing, China
| | - Shaohui Fan
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
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Zaghloul RA, Abdelghany AM, Samra YA. Rutin and selenium nanoparticles protected against STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats through downregulating Jak-2/Stat3 pathway and upregulating Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175289. [PMID: 36122758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a renal complication of diabetic hyperglycemia. The Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is a center molecule of the chronic inflammation causing DN progression. Therefore, the study investigated the possible inhibitory effects of Rutin (Ru) and Selenium (Se), formulated as nanoparticles (SeNPs), on Stat3 pathway in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN in Sprague-Dawley rats. Ru (100 mg/kg/orally) and SeNPs (equivalent to 5 mg of Se/kg/orally) were given as treatment for eight weeks. An assessment of fasting blood glucose, renal function biomarkers, GSH, and MDA was carried out spectrophotometrically. ELISA assessment of renal IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, Jak-2, and p-Stat3 was performed. Sirt-1, Nrf-2, and HO-1 were assessed immunohistochemically. DN group receiving Ru + SeNPs showed a decrease in fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, and urea (163.8 ± 22.8, 0.54 ± 0.1, and 53.6 ± 25.7 mg/dl, respectively), compared to the DN group (443.8 ± 42.72, 1.58 ± 0.4, and 281.8 ± 47.35 mg/dl, respectively). In addition, it exhibited elevation in the levels of Sirt-1, Nrf-2 and HO-1 compared to the DN group. Finally, Ru + SeNPs exhibited a significant reduction in IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, Jak-2, and p-Stat3 (42.8 ± 10.3, 1.2 ± 0.1, 53.4 ± 3.87, 0.8 ± 0.06 and 1.1 ± 0.2 U/g tissue, respectively) when compared to the DN group (155.3 ± 13.97, 2.8 ± 0.3, 105.5 ± 32.84, 2.03 ± 0.2 and 2.56 ± 0.15 U/g tissue, respectively). Therefore, combining Ru with SeNPs has a potential renoprotective effect against DN by upregulating Nrf-2/HO-1 and downregulating Jak-2/Stat3 Pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa A Zaghloul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Amr M Abdelghany
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 Elbehouth St., Dokki, 12311, Egypt; Basic Science Department, Horus University, New Damietta, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Yara A Samra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lin X, Ouyang S, Zhi C, Li P, Tan X, Ma W, Yu J, Peng T, Chen X, Li L, Xie W. Focus on ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy of vascular endothelial cells to the strategic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 715:109098. [PMID: 34856194 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (VECs), which are lined up in the inner surface of blood vessels, are in direct contact with the metabolite-related endogenous danger signals in the circulatory system. Moreover, VECs death impairs vasodilation and increases endothelium-dependent permeability, which is strongly correlated with the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Among several forms of cell death, regulatory death of endothelial cells frequently occurs in AS, mainly including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy. In this review, we summarize regulatory factors and signaling mechanisms of regulatory death in endothelial cells, discussing their effects in the context of the atherosclerotic procession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Ouyang
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Chenxi Zhi
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Pin Li
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tan
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wentao Ma
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- 2019 Class of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Tianhong Peng
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China; School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Demján V, Sója A, Kiss T, Fejes A, Gausz FD, Szűcs G, Siska A, Földesi I, Tengölics R, Darula Z, Csupor D, Pipicz M, Csont T. Stellaria media tea protects against diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats without affecting glucose tolerance. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:250-259. [PMID: 35493309 PMCID: PMC9039105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Common chickweed (Stellaria media) tea has traditionally been applied for treatment of various metabolic diseases including diabetes in folk medicine; however, experimental evidence to support this practice is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of Stellaria media tea on glucose homeostasis and cardiac performance in a rat model of diabetes. Experimental procedure Hot water extract of Stellaria media herb were analyzed and used in this study, where diabetes was induced by fructose-enriched diet supplemented with a single injection of streptozotocin. Half of the animals received Stellaria media tea (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage. At the end of the 20-week experimental period, blood samples were collected and isolated working heart perfusions were performed. Results and conclusion Compared to the animals receiving standard chow, serum fasting glucose level was increased and glucose tolerance was diminished in diabetic rats. Stellaria media tea did not affect significantly fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance; however, it attenuated diabetes-induced deterioration of cardiac output and cardiac work. Analysis of the chemical composition of Stellaria media tea suggested the presence of rutin and various apigenin glycosides which have been reported to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, Stellaria media prevented diabetes-induced increase in cardiac STAT3 phosphorylation. We demonstrated for the first time that Stellaria media tea may beneficially affect cardiac dysfunction induced by diabetes without improvement of glucose homeostasis. Rutin and/or apigenin glycosides as well as modulation of STAT3 signaling may be implicated in the protection of Stellaria media tea against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Stellaria media (SM) tea attenuates diabetic deterioration of cardiac performance. SM tea contains apigenin glycosides and presumably rutin which have been reported to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy. SM tea restores diabetes-induced cardiac STAT3 phosphorylation. SM tea does not affect fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance.
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Dagher O, Mury P, Thorin-Trescases N, Noly PE, Thorin E, Carrier M. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin to Alleviate Endothelial Dysfunction in Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:658400. [PMID: 33860002 PMCID: PMC8042157 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.658400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium occupies a catalog of functions that contribute to the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. It is a physically active barrier between circulating blood and tissue, a regulator of the vascular tone, a biochemical processor and a modulator of coagulation, inflammation, and immunity. Given these essential roles, it comes to no surprise that endothelial dysfunction is prodromal to chronic age-related diseases of the heart and arteries, globally termed cardiovascular diseases (CVD). An example would be ischemic heart disease (IHD), which is the main cause of death from CVD. We have made phenomenal advances in treating CVD, but the aging endothelium, as it senesces, always seems to out-run the benefits of medical and surgical therapies. Remarkably, many epidemiological studies have detected a correlation between a flavonoid-rich diet and a lower incidence of mortality from CVD. Quercetin, a member of the flavonoid class, is a natural compound ubiquitously found in various food sources such as fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, and wine. It has been reported to have a wide range of health promoting effects and has gained significant attention over the years. A growing body of evidence suggests quercetin could lower the risk of IHD by mitigating endothelial dysfunction and its risk factors, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, accumulation of senescent endothelial cells, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). In this review, we will explore these pathophysiological cascades and their interrelation with endothelial dysfunction. We will then present the scientific evidence to quercetin's anti-atherosclerotic, anti-hypertensive, senolytic, and anti-EndoMT effects. Finally, we will discuss the prospect for its clinical use in alleviating myocardial ischemic injuries in IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olina Dagher
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Mury
- Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Emmanuel Noly
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Carrier
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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May S, Parry C, Parry L. Berry chemoprevention: Do berries decrease the window of opportunity for tumorigenesis. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie May
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - Connor Parry
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - Lee Parry
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK
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Wang X, Xue X, Wang H, Xu F, Xin Z, Wang K, Cui M, Qin W. Quercetin inhibits human microvascular endothelial cells viability, migration and tube-formation in vitro through restraining microRNA-216a. J Drug Target 2019; 28:609-616. [PMID: 31791158 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1700263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Quercetin belongs to the flavonoids family, which has been proven to have extensive pharmacological effects. Nevertheless, the function of quercetin in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has not yet been reported. In the research, we purposed to disclose the effectiveness of quercetin in the pathogenesis of PAD.Methods: HMEC-1 cells were cultivated in Matrigel for 24 h to observe the tube-formation. Detections of cell viability, migration and apoptosis were through implementing CCK-8, Transwell and flow cytometry methods. Western blot was utilised for measuring angiogenesis-, migration- and apoptosis-correlative factors. MiR-216a expression was examined via qRT-PCR, and its functions in HMEC-1 cells were uncovered after miR-216a mimic transfection. Assessment of JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways was via implementing western blot.Results: HMEC-1 cells were spontaneously vascularised under Matrigel condition. Quercetin predominantly repressed cell viability, migration, VEGF expression and facilitated apoptosis in HMEC-1 cells. Additionally, suppression of miR-216a was discovered in HMEC-1 cells after quercetin stimulation, meanwhile miR-216a overexpression annulled the functions of quercetin in HMEC-1 cells. Besides, quercetin deactivated PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT pathways through adjusting miR-216a.Conclusion: The above-mentioned consequences exhibited that quercetin suppressed HMEC-1 cell viability, migration and tube-formation through hindering JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathway via declination of miR-216a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Xia Xue
- Nursing Department, Jinxiang People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Haiqing Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Zhenlei Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
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Liu XW, Yang JL, Niu W, Jia WW, Olaleye OE, Wen Q, Duan XN, Huang YH, Wang FQ, Du FF, Zhong CC, Li YF, Xu F, Gao Q, Li L, Li C. Human pharmacokinetics of ginkgo terpene lactones and impact of carboxylation in blood on their platelet-activating factor antagonistic activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1935-1946. [PMID: 30054600 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpene lactones are a class of bioactive constituents of standardized preparations of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract, extensively used as add-on therapies in patients with ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This investigation evaluated human pharmacokinetics of ginkgo terpene lactones and impact of their carboxylation in blood. Human subjects received oral YinXing-TongZhi tablet or intravenous ShuXueNing, two standardized ginkgo preparations. Their plasma protein-binding and platelet-activating factor antagonistic activity were assessed in vitro. Their carboxylation was assessed in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) and in human plasma. After dosing YinXing-TongZhi tablet, ginkgolides A and B and bilobalide exhibited significantly higher systemic exposure levels than ginkgolides C and J; after dosing ShuXueNing, ginkgolides A, B, C, and J exhibited high exposure levels. The compounds' unbound fractions in plasma were 45-92%. Apparent oral bioavailability of ginkgolides A and B was mostly >100%, while that of ginkgolides C and J was 6-15%. Bilobalide's bioavailability was probably high but lower than that of ginkgolides A/B. Terminal half-lives of ginkgolides A, B, and C (4-7 h) after dosing ShuXueNing were shorter than their respective values (6-13 h) after dosing YinXing-TongZhi tablet. Half-life of bilobalide after dosing the tablet was around 5 h. Terpene lactones were roughly evenly distributed in various body fluids and tissues; glomerular-filtration-based renal excretion was the predominant elimination route for the ginkgolides and a major route for bilobalide. Terpene lactones circulated as trilactones and monocarboxylates. Carboxylation reduced platelet-activating factor antagonistic activity of ginkgolides A, B, and C. Ginkgolide J, bilobalide, and ginkgo flavonoids exhibited no such bioactivity. Collectively, differences in terpene lactones' exposure between the two preparations and influence of their carboxylation in blood should be considered in investigating the relative contributions of terpene lactones to ginkgo preparations' therapeutic effects. The results here will inform rational clinical use of ginkgo preparations.
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Luo Y, Meng X, Zhou P, Lu S, Qin M, Xu X, Sun G, Sun X. Elatoside C protects against ox-LDL-induced HUVECs injury by FoxO1-mediated autophagy induction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1654-1665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Bhaskar S, Helen A. Quercetin modulates toll-like receptor-mediated protein kinase signaling pathways in oxLDL-challenged human PBMCs and regulates TLR-activated atherosclerotic inflammation in hypercholesterolemic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 423:53-65. [PMID: 27665434 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that have a unique and essential function in innate immunity. The effect of quercetin on TLR-mediated downstream signaling mechanism and its effect on TLR-mediated MAP kinase and Akt pathways were studied in oxLDL-stimulated hPBMCs using specific inhibitors. The pretreatment of hPBMCs with specific TLR inhibitor, CLI-095, decreased the NF-κB nuclear translocation and TNF-α release by oxLDL. When the cells treated with inhibitor and quercetin together, the inhibition was more effective. The specific inhibitor for p38 MAPK, SB203580, reduced the phosphorylated p38 level and decreased the NF-κB activation and TNF-α release by oxLDL-challenged hPBMCs. This inhibitor showed enhanced inhibition when treated with quercetin together. The inhibitors for ERK1/2, PD98059, and for JNK, SP606125, also showed inhibitory effect on NF-κB activation and TNF-α release by oxLDL-simulated hPBMCs. Quercetin supplementation enhanced the inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the release of cytokines. TLR4 inhibition study confirmed the downstream signaling mechanism mediated by NF-κB which is involved in the oxLDL-induced inflammatory response, and quercetin suppresses the cytokine, TNF-α release by modulating TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition to NF-κB signaling pathway, inflammation induced by oxLDL was also related to the activation of p38MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK, and Akt pathways, and the protective effect of quercetin may be also related to the inhibition of activation of these pathways. Quercetin significantly downregulated the elevated mRNA expression of TLRs and cytokine TNF-α in HCD-fed atherosclerotic rats in vivo. As quercetin possesses inhibition on both TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway and TLR-mediated MAPK pathway, it is evident that it can be used as a therapeutic agent to ameliorate atherosclerotic inflammation. Since quercetin is the major flavonoid and forms the backbone of many other flavonoids and this study provides strong evidence that it has potent anti-inflammatory effect, quercetin may be a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and promote health by reducing harmful vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Bhaskar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - A Helen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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12
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Feng CP, Tang HM, Huang S, Hou SZ, Liang J, Huang W, Lai XP. Evaluation of the effects of the water-soluble total flavonoids from Isodon lophanthoides var.gerardianus (Benth.) H. Hara on apoptosis in HepG2 cell: Investigation of the most relevant mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:70-79. [PMID: 27132715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The water-soluble total flavonoids (WSTF) were extracted from Isodon lophanthoides var. gerardianus (Benth.) H. Hara, a common folk herbal medicine in China, which has been recorded by the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" in 2015 and used for prevention and clinical treatment of common diseases of liver and gall for many years. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of WSTF on apoptosis in HepG2 cell and investigate the relevant mechanisms underlying. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity was evaluated in HepG2 cells (human hepatoma cell lines) using MTT assay. The influence of the WSTF on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) and the mitochondrial membrane potential were also determinated. We used flow cytometry analysis to detect the effects of WSTF on apoptosis, cell cycle. Then we applied RT-PCR for genetic expression of main effectors and western blot analysis for activation of main effectors involved in the potential apoptosis signaling pathways. RESULTS WSTF inhibited cell growth in HepG2 cells. Moreover, WSTF stimulates to increase amount of iROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the apoptotic relevant factors (cytochrome c, caspase-3) in HepG2 cells. WSTF could significantly induce apoptosis through downregulating apoptosis-antagonizing protein (Bcl-2, Survivin, mcl-1) and upregulating apoptosis-promoting proteins (Bax) and cell cycle G0/G1 arrest in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION The results indicate that WSTF induces cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in the HepG2 cells. Therefore, these studies suggest that WSTF could be used as a chemotherapeutic agent to treat hepatoma.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Flavonoids/isolation & purification
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Isodon/chemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Liver/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Solubility
- Solvents/chemistry
- Water/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ping Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuandong Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, lusong Road No. 136, Zhuzhou 412012, China.
| | - Hai-Ming Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuandong Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Song Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuandong Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shao-Zhen Hou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuandong Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jian Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuandong Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuandong Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Lai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuandong Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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13
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Zheng J, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Lun Q, Liu B, Tu P. Triterpenoid-enriched extract of Ilex kudingcha inhibits aggregated LDL-induced lipid deposition in macrophages by downregulating low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Hung CH, Chan SH, Chu PM, Tsai KL. Quercetin is a potent anti-atherosclerotic compound by activation of SIRT1 signaling under oxLDL stimulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015. [PMID: 26202455 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Atherosclerosis is believed to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that quercetin is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound. The molecular mechanisms underlying its protective effects against oxidative stress in human endothelial cells remain unclear. This study was designed to confirm the hypothesis that quercetin inhibits oxidized LDL (oxLDL) induced endothelial oxidative damage by activating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and to explore the role of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a negative regulator of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH oxidase) and free radicals. METHODS AND RESULTS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with oxLDL with or without quercetin pretreatment. We found that quercetin pretreatment increased SIRT1 mRNA expression. In fact, quercetin protected against oxLDL-impaired SIRT1 and AMPK activities and reduced oxLDL-activated NOX2 and NOX4. However, silencing SIRT1 and AMPK diminished the protective function of quercetin against oxidative injuries. The results also indicated that oxLDL suppressed AKT/endothelial NO synthase, impaired mitochondrial dysfunction, and enhanced reactive oxygen species formation, activating the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. CONCLUSION These results provide new insight regarding the possible molecular mechanisms of quercetin. Quercetin suppresses oxLDL-induced endothelial oxidative injuries by activating SIRT1 and modulating the AMPK/NADPH oxidase/AKT/endothelial NO synthase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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15
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Tian H, Sun HW, Zhang JJ, Zhang XW, Zhao L, Guo SD, Li YY, Jiao P, Wang H, Qin SC, Yao ST. Ethanol extract of propolis protects macrophages from oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis by inhibiting CD36 expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress-C/EBP homologous protein pathway. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:230. [PMID: 26169264 PMCID: PMC4501110 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Ethanol extract of propolis (EEP), rich in flavones, has been known for various biological activities including antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antibiotic activities. Our previous studies have shown that EEP protects endothelial cells from oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced apoptosis and inhibits atherosclerotic lesion development. In this present study, we explored the protective effect of EEP on ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity in macrophages and specifically the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway-mediated apoptosis. Methods EEP was prepared and the total flavonoids content of EEP was determined by the colorimetric method of Chinese Standard (GB/T 20574-2006). The effects of EEP on lipid accumulation, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells induced by ox-LDL or tunicamycin (TM, an ER stress inducer) were assayed using oil red O staining, MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis and so on. Immunofluorescence, Western blot and real time-PCR analysis were then used to further investigate the molecular mechanisms by which EEP protects macrophages from ox-LDL-induced apoptosis. 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, was used as a positive control. Results EEP (7.5, 15 and 30 mg/L) not only attenuated ox-LDL-induced lipid accumulation in RAW264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner but also inhibited the decreased cell viability and the increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, caspase-3 activation and apoptosis induced by ox-LDL or tunicamycin (TM, a classical ER stress inducer), which were similar to 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA, an inhibitor of ER stress) treatment. In addition, like PBA, EEP significantly suppressed the ox-LDL- or TM-induced activation of ER stress signaling pathway including the phosphorylation of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) as well as upregulation of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and the pro-apoptotic protein CHOP. Furthermore, EEP significantly suppressed ox-LDL intake by macrophages and the upregulation of CD36 induced by ox-LDL. Conclusion These data indicate that EEP may protect macrophages from ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and the mechanism at least partially involves its ability to suppress the CD36-mediated ox-LDL intake and subsequent activation of ER stress-CHOP signalling pathway.
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16
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Mascaraque C, Aranda C, Ocón B, Monte MJ, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Marín JJG, Martínez-Augustin O, de Medina FS. Rutin has intestinal antiinflammatory effects in the CD4+ CD62L+ T cell transfer model of colitis. Pharmacol Res 2014; 90:48-57. [PMID: 25281414 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rutin, one of the most abundant flavonoids in nature, has been shown to exert intestinal antiinflammatory effects in experimental models of colitis. Our aim was to study the antiinflamatory effect of rutin in the CD4+ CD62L+ T cell transfer model of colitis, one of the closest to the human disease. Colitis was induced by transfer of CD4+ CD62L+ T cells to Rag1(-/-) mice. Rutin was administered by gavage as a postreatment. Treatment with rutin improved colitis at the dose of 57mg/kg/day, while no effect was noted with 28.5mg/kg/day. Therapeutic benefit was evidenced by a reduced disease activity index, weight loss and damage score, plus a 36% lower colonic myeloperoxidase and a 54% lower alkaline phosphatase activity. In addition, a decreased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and TNFα) by mesenteric lymph node cells was observed ex vivo. The colonic expression of proinflammatory genes, including IFNγ, TNFα, CXCL1, S100A8 and IL-1β, was significantly reduced by more than 80% with rutin as assessed by RT-qPCR. Flavonoid treated mice exhibited decreased activation of splenic CD4+ cells (STAT4 phosphorylation and IFNγ expression) and reduced plasma cytokine levels. This effect was also apparent in mucosal lymphocytes based on reduced STAT4 phosphorylation. The protective effect was comparable to that of 3mg/kg/day budesonide. Rutin had no effect on splenocytes or murine T cells in vitro, while its aglycone, quercetin, exhibited a concentration dependent inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFNγ. Rutin but not quercetin showed vectorial basolateral to apical transport in IEC18 cells, associated with reduced biotransformation. We conclude that rutin exerts intestinal antiinflammatory activity in chronic, T lymphocyte dependent colitis via quercetin release and actions involving mucosal and lymph node T cells. Our results suggest that rutin may be useful in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in appropriate dosage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mascaraque
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Carlos Aranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Borja Ocón
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Monte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, HEVEFARM, IBSAL, CIBERehd, University of Salamanca, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Zarzuelo
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - José Juan García Marín
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, HEVEFARM, IBSAL, CIBERehd, University of Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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17
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Pathak RK, Baunthiyal M, Taj G, Kumar A. Virtual screening of natural inhibitors to the predicted HBx protein structure of Hepatitis B Virus using molecular docking for identification of potential lead molecules for liver cancer. Bioinformation 2014; 10:428-35. [PMID: 25187683 PMCID: PMC4135291 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The HBx protein in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a potential target for anti-liver cancer molecules. Therefore, it is of interest to screen
known natural compounds against the HBx protein using molecular docking. However, the structure of HBx is not yet known.
Therefore, the predicted structure of HBx using threading in LOMET was used for docking against plant derived natural
compounds (curcumin, oleanolic acid, resveratrol, bilobetin, luteoline, ellagic acid, betulinic acid and rutin) by Molegro Virtual
Docker. The screening identified rutin with binding energy of -161.65 Kcal/mol. Thus, twenty derivatives of rutin were further
designed and screened against HBx. These in silico experiments identified compounds rutin01 (-163.16 Kcal/mol) and rutin08 (-
165.76 Kcal/mol) for further consideration and downstream validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri Garhwal-246194, Uttarakhand, India ; Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mamta Baunthiyal
- Department of Biotechnology, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri Garhwal-246194, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gohar Taj
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
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18
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Li X, Wang X, Zhang M, Li A, Sun Z, Yu Q. Quercetin Potentiates the Antitumor Activity of Rituximab in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma by Inhibiting STAT3 Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:1357-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Bioactive compounds or metabolites from black raspberries modulate T lymphocyte proliferation, myeloid cell differentiation and Jak/STAT signaling. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:889-900. [PMID: 24893859 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive phytochemicals from natural products, such as black raspberries (BRB; Rubus occidentalis), have direct anticancer properties on malignant cells in culture and in xenograft models. BRB components inhibit cancer progression in more complex rodent carcinogenesis models. Although mechanistic targets for BRB phytochemicals in cancer cells are beginning to emerge, the potential role in modulating host immune processes impacting cancer have not been systematically examined. We hypothesized that BRB contain compounds capable of eliciting potent immunomodulatory properties that impact cellular mediators relevant to chronic inflammation and tumor progression. We studied both an ethanol extract from black raspberries (BRB-E) containing a diverse mixture of phytochemicals and two abundant phytochemical metabolites of BRB produced upon ingestion (Cyanidin-3-Rutinoside, C3R; Quercitin-3-Rutinoside, Q3R). BRB-E inhibited proliferation, and viability of CD3/CD28 activated human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. BRB-E also limited in vitro expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and their suppressive capacity. Pre-treatment of immune cells with BRB-E attenuated IL-6-mediated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and IL-2-induced STAT5 phosphorylation. In contrast, pre-treatment of immune cells with the C3R and Q3R metabolites inhibited MDSC expansion, IL-6-mediated STAT3 signaling, but not IL-2-induced STAT5 phosphorylation and were less potent inhibitors of T cell viability. Together these data indicate that BRB extracts and their physiologically relevant metabolites contain phytochemicals that affect immune processes relevant to carcinogenesis and immunotherapy. Furthermore, specific BRB components and their metabolites may be a source of lead compounds for drug development that exhibits targeted immunological outcomes or inhibition of specific STAT-regulated signaling pathways.
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20
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Moslehi M, Yazdanparast R. SK-N-MC cell death occurs by distinct molecular mechanisms in response to hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions: involvements of JAK2-STAT3, JNK, and p38 MAP kinases pathways. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 66:817-29. [PMID: 23417568 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Nerve cells are incessantly exposed to environmental stresses leading to overproduction of some harmful species like reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS including hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion are potent inducers of various signaling pathways encompassing MAPKs and JAK-STAT pathways. In the current study, we scrutinized the effects of hydrogen peroxide and/or menadione (superoxide anion generator) on JNK/p38-MAPKs and JAK2-STAT3 pathways to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which each oxidant modulated the above-mentioned pathways leading to SK-N-MC cell death. Our results delineated that hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radical induced distinct responses as we showed that STAT3 and p38 were activated in response to hydrogen peroxide, but not superoxide anion radicals indicating the specificity in ROS-induced signaling pathways activations and behaviors. We also observed that menadione induced JNK-dependent p53 expression and apoptotic death in SK-N-MC cells while H2O2-induced JNK activation was p53 independent. Thus, we declare that ROS type has a key role in selective instigation of JNK/p38-MAPKs and JAK2-STAT3 pathways in SK-N-MC cells. Identifying these differential behaviors and mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion functions illuminates the possible therapeutic targets in the prevention or treatment of ROS-induced neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moslehi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Ali F, Ismail A, Kersten S. Molecular mechanisms underlying the potential antiobesity-related diseases effect of cocoa polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:33-48. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - Sander Kersten
- Metabolism and Genomics Group; Division of Human Nutrition; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
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Abstract
Multiple systemic factors and local stressors in the arterial wall can disturb the functions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing ER stress in endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and macrophages during the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. As a protective response to restore ER homeostasis, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is initiated by three major ER sensors: protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). The activation of the various UPR signaling pathways displays a temporal pattern of activation at different stages of the disease. The ATF6 and IRE1α pathways that promote the expression of protein chaperones in ER are activated in ECs in athero-susceptible regions of pre-lesional arteries and before the appearance of foam cells. The PERK pathway that reduces ER protein client load by blocking protein translation is activated in SMCs and macrophages in early lesions. The activation of these UPR signaling pathways aims to cope with the ER stress and plays a pro-survival role in the early stage of atherosclerosis. However, with the progression of atherosclerosis, the extended duration and increased intensity of ER stress in lesions lead to prolonged and enhanced UPR signaling. Under this circumstance, the PERK pathway induces expression of death effectors, and possibly IRE1α activates apoptosis signaling pathways, leading to apoptosis of macrophages and SMCs in advanced lesions. Importantly, UPR-mediated cell death is associated with plaque instability and the clinical progression of atherosclerosis. Moreover, UPR signaling is linked to inflammation and possibly to macrophage differentiation in lesions. Therapeutic approaches targeting the UPR may have promise in the prevention and/or regression of atherosclerosis. However, more progress is needed to fully understand all of the roles of the UPR in atherosclerosis and to harness this information for therapeutic advances.
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Zhang JY, Yi T, Liu J, Zhao ZZ, Chen HB. Quercetin induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in KB and KBv200 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2188-2195. [PMID: 23410218 DOI: 10.1021/jf305263r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, anticancer activities of six compounds of flavonoids were investigated in human epidermoid carcinoma KB and KBv200 cells. Among these compounds, quercetin and acacetin showed strong inhibition of cell growth in KB and KBv200 cells. IC50 values of quercetin against KB and KBv200 cells were 17.84 ± 4.14 and 18.94 ± 4.75 μM, respectively. The IC50 values of acacetin against KB and KBv200 cells were 41.33 ± 6.05 and 49.04 ± 3.64 μM. The IC50 values of apigenin, kaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside, and quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside were more than 100 μM. Furthermore, quercetin was found to induce apoptosis in KB and KBv200 cells via the mitochondrial pathway, including a decrease of the reactive oxygen species level, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. The apoptosis induced by quercetin was not related to the regulation of Bcl-2 or Bax in KB and KBv200 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-ye Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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24
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New role of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in endothelial cell oxidative stress injury and protective effect of melatonin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57941. [PMID: 23483946 PMCID: PMC3590213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway plays a regulatory role in cellular oxidative stress injury (OSI). In this study, we explored the role of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced OSI and the protective effect of melatonin against (H2O2)-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). AG490 (a specific inhibitor of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway) and JAK2 siRNA were used to manipulate JAK2/STAT3 activity, and the results showed that AG490 and JAK2 siRNA inhibited OSI and the levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. HUVECs were then subjected to H2O2 in the absence or presence of melatonin, the main secretory product of the pineal gland. Melatonin conferred a protective effect against H2O2, which was evidenced by improvements in cell viability, adhesive ability and migratory ability, decreases in the apoptotic index and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and several biochemical parameters in HUVECs. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that H2O2 treatment increased the levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, Cytochrome c, Bax and Caspase3 and decreased the levels of Bcl2, whereas melatonin treatment partially reversed these effects. We, for the first time, demonstrate that the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway results in a protective effect against endothelial OSI. The protective effects of melatonin against OSI, at least partially, depend upon JAK2/STAT3 inhibition.
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Quercetin Preserves β -Cell Mass and Function in Fructose-Induced Hyperinsulinemia through Modulating Pancreatic Akt/FoxO1 Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:303902. [PMID: 23533474 PMCID: PMC3600179 DOI: 10.1155/2013/303902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fructose-induced hyperinsulinemia is associated with insulin compensative secretion and predicts the onset of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the preservation of dietary flavonoid quercetin on pancreatic β-cell mass and function in fructose-treated rats and INS-1 β-cells. Quercetin was confirmed to reduce serum insulin and leptin levels and blockade islet hyperplasia in fructose-fed rats. It also prevented fructose-induced β-cell proliferation and insulin hypersecretion in INS-1 β-cells. High fructose increased forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) expressions in vivo and in vitro, which were reversed by quercetin. Quercetin downregulated Akt and FoxO1 phosphorylation in fructose-fed rat islets and increased the nuclear FoxO1 levels in fructose-treated INS-1 β-cells. The elevated Akt phosphorylation in fructose-treated INS-1 β-cells was also restored by quercetin. Additionally, quercetin suppressed the expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) and insulin gene (Ins1 and Ins2) in vivo and in vitro. In fructose-treated INS-1 β-cells, quercetin elevated the reduced janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Jak2/Stat3) phosphorylation and suppressed the increased suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3) expression. These results demonstrate that quercetin protects β-cell mass and function under high-fructose induction through improving leptin signaling and preserving pancreatic Akt/FoxO1 activation.
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PARK SINHYE, KIM JUNGLYE, KANG MINKYUNG, GONG JUHYUN, HAN SEONYOUNG, SHIM JAEHOON, LIM SOONSUNG, KANG YOUNGHEE. Sage weed (Salvia plebeia) extract antagonizes foam cell formation and promotes cholesterol efflux in murine macrophages. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:1105-12. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Yao S, Sang H, Song G, Yang N, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Jiao P, Zong C, Qin S. Quercetin protects macrophages from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress-C/EBP homologous protein pathway. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:822-31. [PMID: 22829699 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QUE), a member of the bioflavonoid family, has been proposed to have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive properties. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of QUE on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages and specifically the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway-mediated apoptosis. Our results showed that treatment with QUE (20, 40 and 80 μmol/L) significantly attenuated ox-LDL-induced cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and foam cell formation in a dose-dependent manner. Similar to tunicamycin (TM), a classical ER stress inducer, ox-LDL reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages. The cytotoxic effects of ox-LDL and TM were significantly inhibited by QUE treatment. Interestingly, we found that QUE also significantly suppressed the ox-LDL- and TM-induced activation of ER stress signaling events, including the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), translocation of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulation of X-box-binding protein 1. In addition, exposure of RAW264.7 macrophages to ox-LDL or TM resulted in a significant increase in the expression of CHOP, a transcription factor regulated by IRE1 and ATF6 under conditions of ER stress, as well as a decrease in Bcl-2 transcript and protein concentrations. QUE blocked these effects in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that QUE can protect RAW264.7 cells from ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and that the mechanism at least partially involves its ability to inhibit the ER stress-CHOP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Yao
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, China
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Hu QH, Zhang X, Pan Y, Li YC, Kong LD. Allopurinol, quercetin and rutin ameliorate renal NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lipid accumulation in fructose-fed rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:113-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Park SH, Kim JL, Lee ES, Han SY, Gong JH, Kang MK, Kang YH. Dietary ellagic acid attenuates oxidized LDL uptake and stimulates cholesterol efflux in murine macrophages. J Nutr 2011; 141:1931-7. [PMID: 21940512 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.144816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation is the hallmark of early atherosclerosis. Lipid uptake by scavenger receptors (SR) in macrophages initiates chronic proinflammatory cascades linked to atherosclerosis. It has been reported that the upregulation of cholesterol efflux may be protective in the development of atherosclerosis. Ellagic acid, a polyphenolic compound mostly found in berries, walnuts, and pomegranates, possesses antioxidative, growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-promoting activities in cancer cells. However, the antiatherogenic actions of ellagic acid are not well defined. The current study elucidated oxidized LDL handling of ellagic acid in J774A1 murine macrophages. Noncytotoxic ellagic acid suppressed SR-B1 induction and foam cell formation within 6 h after the stimulation of macrophages with oxidized LDL, confirmed by Oil red O staining of macrophages. Ellagic acid at ≤5 μmol/L upregulated PPARγ and ATP binding cassette transporter-1 in lipid-laden macrophages, all responsible for cholesterol efflux. In addition, 5 μmol/L ellagic acid accelerated expression and transcription of the nuclear receptor of liver X receptor-α highly implicated in the PPAR signaling. Furthermore, ellagic acid promoted cholesterol efflux in oxidized LDL-induced foam cells. These results provide new information that ellagic acid downregulated macrophage lipid uptake to block foam cell formation of macrophages and boosted cholesterol efflux in lipid-laden foam cells. Therefore, dietary and pharmacological interventions with berries rich in ellagic acid may be promising treatment strategies to interrupt the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Chuang CC, McIntosh MK. Potential Mechanisms by Which Polyphenol-Rich Grapes Prevent Obesity-Mediated Inflammation and Metabolic Diseases. Annu Rev Nutr 2011; 31:155-76. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-072610-145149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael K. McIntosh
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402; ,
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