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Xu J, Wei Y, Huang Y, Weng X, Wei X. Current understanding and future perspectives on the extraction, structures, and regulation of muscle function of tea pigments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11522-11544. [PMID: 35770615 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2093327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the aggravating aging of modern society, the sarcopenia-based aging syndrome poses a serious potential threat to the health of the elderly. Natural dietary supplements show great potential to reduce muscle wasting and enhance muscle performance. Tea has been widely recognized for its health-promoting effects. which contains active ingredients such as tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine, and vitamins. In different tea production processes, the oxidative condensation and microbial transformation of catechins and other natural substances from tea promotes the production of various tea pigments, including theaflavins (TFs), thearubigins (TRs), and theabrownins (TBs). Tea pigments have shown a positive effect on maintaining muscle health. Nevertheless, the relationship between tea pigments and skeletal muscle function has not been comprehensively elucidated. In addition, the numerous research on the extraction and purification of tea pigments is disordered with the limited recent progress due to the complexity of species and molecular structure. In this review, we sort out the strategies for the separation of tea pigments, and discuss the structures of tea pigments. On this basis, the regulation mechanisms of tea pigments on muscle functional were emphasized. This review highlights the current understanding on the extraction methods, molecular structures and regulation mechanisms of muscle function of tea pigments. Furthermore, main limitations and future perspectives are proposed to provide new insights into broadening theoretical research and industrial applications of tea pigments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Baoshan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchu Weng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Baoshan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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2
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Assad M, Ashaolu TJ, Khalifa I, Baky MH, Farag MA. Dissecting the role of microorganisms in tea production of different fermentation levels: a multifaceted review of their action mechanisms, quality attributes and future perspectives. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:265. [PMID: 37515645 PMCID: PMC10386955 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular beverages worldwide, with several health benefits attributed for its rich chemical composition and further associated with fermentation process to improve its quality attributes. Most tea types originate from the leaves of Camellia sinensis with differences in fermentation levels yielding black tea, green tea, pouchong tea, oolong tea. Teas like pu-erh or kombucha to encompass both green and red types are further post-fermented. Tea fermentation is a traditional process involving physical, biochemical, and microbial changes which are associated with improved organoleptic characters, nutritive value, and health outcomes. The production of fermented tea relies on naturally occurring enzymes and microbial metabolic activities. This review focuses on presenting a holistic overview on the effect of different microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, and fungi on the biochemical changes and sensory attributes of fermented tea products reported in research articles along the last 15 years. Moreover, production conditions and major biochemical changes are dissected to present the best factors influencing fermented tea quality. This review presents an evidence-based reference for specialists in tea industry to optimize tea fermentation process for targeted attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matta Assad
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Baky
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr city, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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3
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Ma C, Zhou B, Wang J, Ma B, Lv X, Chen X, Li X. Investigation and dynamic changes of phenolic compounds during a new-type fermentation for ripened Pu-erh tea processing. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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4
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Xu J, Wei Y, Li F, Weng X, Wei X. Regulation of fungal community and the quality formation and safety control of Pu-erh tea. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4546-4572. [PMID: 36201379 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pu-erh tea belongs to dark tea among six major teas in China. As an important kind of post-fermented tea with complex microbial composition, Pu-erh tea is highly praised by many consumers owing to its unique and rich flavor and taste. In recent years, Pu-erh tea has exhibited various physiological activities to prevent and treat metabolic diseases. This review focuses on the fungi in Pu-erh tea and introduces the sources, types, and functions of fungi in Pu-erh tea, as well as the influence on the quality of Pu-erh tea and potential safety risks. During the process of fermentation and aging of Pu-erh tea, fungi contribute to complex chemical changes in bioactive components of tea. Therefore, we examine the important role that fungi play in the quality formation of Pu-erh tea. The associations among the microbial composition, chemicals excreted, and potential food hazards are discussed during the pile-fermentation of Pu-erh tea. The quality of Pu-erh tea has exhibited profound changes during the process of pile-fermentation, including color, aroma, taste, and the bottom of the leaves, which are inseparable from the fungus in the pile-fermentation of Pu-erh tea. Specifically, the application prospects of various detection methods of mycotoxins in assessing the safety of Pu-erh tea are proposed. This review aims to fully understand the importance of fungi in the production of Pu-erh tea and further provides new insights into subtly regulating the piling process to improve the nutritional properties and guarantee the safety of Pu-erh tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minghang, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Baoshan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minghang, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanglan Li
- Institute of Food Engineering, College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Xuhui, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchu Weng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Baoshan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minghang, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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5
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An Improved Method of Theabrownins Extraction and Detection in Six Major Types of Tea (Camellia sinensis). J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8581515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea pigments consisting of theabrownins (TBs), theaflavins (TFs), and thearubigins (TRs) affect the color and taste of tea. TBs include a variety of water-soluble compounds, but do not dissolve in n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Previously, the traditional method of TB extraction only mixed tea with n-butanol, and TBs were retained in the water phase. However, without ethyl acetate extraction, TFs and TRs remained in the water phase and affected the detection of TB content. Although an improved method had been devised by adding an ethyl acetate extraction step between tea production and n-butanol extraction, the proportional equation for calculating TB content (%) was not yet developed. In this study, we compared the absorbance at 380 nm (A380) of TB solutions from six major types of tea (green, yellow, oolong, white, black, and dark teas) extracted by improved and traditional methods from the same tea samples. Significantly lower A380 values were obtained from TB solutions via the improved method compared to the traditional method for six major types of tea, and the highest and lowest slops in TB concentrations from A380 analyses were from dark tea and green tea, respectively. Moreover, newly developed equations for TB content in those six tea types extracted by the improved methods were also established.
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Zhu C, Yang Z, He L, Lu X, Tang J, Laghi L. The Longer the Storage Time, the Higher the Price, the Better the Quality? A 1H-NMR Based Metabolomic Investigation of Aged Ya’an Tibetan Tea (Camellia sinensis). Foods 2022; 11:foods11192986. [PMID: 36230062 PMCID: PMC9563412 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential beverage beneficial for Tibetan people, Ya’an Tibetan tea has received scarce attention, particularly from the point of view of the characterization of its metabolome. The aim of the study is to systematically characterize the metabolome of Tibetan tea by means of untargeted 1H-NMR. Moreover, the variations of its metabolome along ageing time are evaluated by taking advantage of univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 45 molecules are unambiguously identified and quantified, comprising amino acids, peptides and analogues, carbohydrates and derivates, organic acids and derivates, nucleosides, nucleotides and catechins. The concentrations of amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates and catechins are mainly determined by ageing time. The present study would serve as a reference guide for further work on the Ya’an Tibetan tea metabolome, therefore contributing to the related industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhibo Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li He
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junni Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-028-85928478 (J.T.); +39-0547-338106 (L.L.)
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-028-85928478 (J.T.); +39-0547-338106 (L.L.)
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7
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Ding X, Han C, Hu W, Fu C, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Xu Q, Lv R, He C, Zuo Z, Huang J. Acute and Subacute Safety Evaluation of Black Tea Extract (Herbt Tea Essences) in Mice. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060286. [PMID: 35736895 PMCID: PMC9228953 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Theabrownin (TB) is a heterogeneous biomacromolecule, extracted from tea, with many functional groups. Importantly, TB possesses diverse health benefits, such as antitumor activity and blood lipid-lowering effects. Presently, the content of TB in tea extract is relatively low. Here, we obtained a deep-processed black tea extract with a high content of TB (close to 80%), which was named Herbt Tea Essences (HTE). Currently, this study was designed to evaluate the biosafety of high-content TB products on mice. We implemented acute and subacute toxic experiments to assess its safety on organs, the serum biochemical and molecular levels. In the acute exposure study, we found that the median lethal dose (LD50) value of HTE was 21.68 g/kg (21.06–24.70 g/kg, greater than 5 g/kg), suggesting that HTE had a low acute toxicity. In the 28-day subacute exposure study, our results showed that no abnormal effects were observed in the 40 and 400 mg/kg/day HTE-treated groups. However, we observed slight nephrotoxicity in the 4000 mg/kg/day HTE-treated group. The HTE-induced nephrotoxic effect might involve the inflammatory response activation mediated by the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. This study would provide valuable data for the TB safety assessment and promote this natural biomacromolecule application in daily drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang’an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.D.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.X.); (C.H.)
| | - Changshun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang’an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.D.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.X.); (C.H.)
| | - Weiping Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China;
| | - Chengqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang’an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.D.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.X.); (C.H.)
| | - Yixi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang’an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.D.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.X.); (C.H.)
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang’an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.D.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.X.); (C.H.)
| | - Qingyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang’an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.D.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.X.); (C.H.)
| | - Rongfu Lv
- Xiamen Herbt Biotechnology Company Limited, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang’an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.D.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.X.); (C.H.)
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang’an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.D.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.X.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiang’an Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (X.D.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.X.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.H.)
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8
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Pu-erh tea: A review of a healthful brew. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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9
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Chen Y, Luo L, Hu S, Gan R, Zeng L. The chemistry, processing, and preclinical anti-hyperuricemia potential of tea: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7065-7090. [PMID: 35236179 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2040417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an abnormal purine metabolic disease that occurs when there is an excess of uric acid in the blood, associated with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, gout, and renal disease. Dietary intervention is one of the most promising strategies for preventing hyperuricemia and controlling uric acid concentrations. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is known as one of the most common beverages and the source of dietary polyphenols. However, the effect of tea on hyperuricemia is unclear. Recent evidence shows that a lower risk of hyperuricemia is associated with tea intake. To better understand the anti-hyperuricemia effect of tea, this review first briefly describes the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and the processing techniques of different types of tea. Next, the epidemiological and experimental studies of tea and its bioactive compounds on hyperuricemia in recent years were reviewed. Particular attention was paid to the anti-hyperuricemia mechanisms targeting the hepatic uric acid synthase, renal uric acid transporters, and intestinal microbiota. Additionally, the desirable intake of tea for preventing hyperuricemia is provided. Understanding the anti-hyperuricemia effect and mechanisms of tea can better utilize it as a preventive dietary strategy.HighlightsHigh purine diet, excessive alcohol/fructose consumption, and less exercise/sleep are the induction factors of hyperuricemia.Tea and tea compounds showed alleviated effects for hyperuricemia, especially polyphenols.Tea (containing caffeine or not) is not associated with a higher risk of hyperuricemia.Xanthine oxidase inhibition (reduce uric acid production), Nrf2 activation, and urate transporters regulation (increase uric acid excretion) are the potential molecular targets of anti-hyperuricemic effect of tea.About 5 g tea intake per day may be beneficial for hyperuricemia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Food Science, Tea Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renyou Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Dynamic evolution and correlation between microorganisms and metabolites during manufacturing process and storage of Pu-erh tea. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Zheng Q, Li W, Gao X. The effect of storage time on tea Polyphenols, catechin compounds, total flavones and the biological activity of Ya’an Tibetan tea (
Camellia sinensis
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoran Zheng
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering Yangtze Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering Yangtze Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Xiaoxv Gao
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering Yangtze Normal University Chongqing China
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12
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Efficacy of the Kombucha Beverage Derived from Green, Black, and Pu’er Teas on Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1735959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kombucha is a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast which produces a high-end fruity fitness beverage by fermentation of normal tea for approximately two weeks. In addition to the advantage of being a low-sugar probiotic-rich drink, kombucha also offers the benefits of the tea used for its preparation, especially its high antioxidant content. In this research, kombucha tea was prepared by using three different tea types: green, black, and pu’er tea, and the chemical profiles and antioxidant activity were analyzed during the fermentation process (up to 20 days). The results showed that the tea type has an obvious influence on the factors associated with the antioxidant potential. The fermentation process caused a marked increase in polyphenol content and antioxidant activity initially, but this slowed progressively over time. In contrast, the fermentation of black tea contributed to the degradation of flavonoids but showed no significant effect on the other tea types. Therefore, we conclude that the tea type selected to make kombucha affects the end product as well as the fermentation time.
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13
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Hu S, Li S, Liu Y, Sun K, Luo L, Zeng L. Aged Ripe Pu-erh Tea Reduced Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mice by Regulating Intestinal Microbes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10592-10605. [PMID: 34460244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ripened pu-erh tea has the biological activity of antioxidation and anti-inflammation, which inhibits the related parameters of colitis. However, the role of storage-induced changes in bioactive ingredients of ripened pu-erh tea in colitis remains unclear. In this study, 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice were treated with 10 mg/kg bw/day extracts, aged 14 years (P2006) and unaged (P2020) ripened pu-erh tea, respectively, for 1 week. We found that ripened pu-erh tea, especially P2006, inhibited the intestinal oxidative stress-mediated inflammation pathway (TLR4/MyD88/ROS/p38MAPK/NF-κB p65), upregulated the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (Mucin-2, ZO-1, occludin), promoted M2 polarization of macrophages, and in turn, improved the intestinal immune barrier, which stemmed from the reshaping of intestinal microbiota (e.g., increased Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Akkermansia levels). Our results speculate that drinking aged ripe pu-erh tea (10 mg/kg bw/day in mice, a human equivalent dose of 7 g/60 kg bw/day) has a practical effect on alleviating and preventing the development of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of the Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Sun
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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14
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Li KJ, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Burton-Pimentel KJ, Vergères G, Feskens EJM. A systematic review to identify biomarkers of intake for fermented food products. GENES AND NUTRITION 2021; 16:5. [PMID: 33882831 PMCID: PMC8058972 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-021-00686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Fermented foods are ubiquitous in human diets and often lauded for their sensory, nutritious, and health-promoting qualities. However, precise associations between the intake of fermented foods and health have not been well-established. This is in part due to the limitations of current dietary assessment tools that rely on subjective reporting, making them prone to memory-related errors and reporting bias. The identification of food intake biomarkers (FIBs) bypasses this challenge by providing an objective measure of intake. Despite numerous studies reporting on FIBs for various types of fermented foods and drinks, unique biomarkers associated with the fermentation process (“fermentation-dependent” biomarkers) have not been well documented. We therefore conducted a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature to identify biomarkers of fermented foods commonly consumed in diets across the world. Results After title, abstract, and full-text screening, extraction of data from 301 articles resulted in an extensive list of compounds that were detected in human biofluids following the consumption of various fermented foods, with the majority of articles focusing on coffee (69), wine (69 articles), cocoa (62), beer (34), and bread (29). The identified compounds from all included papers were consolidated and sorted into FIBs proposed for a specific food, for a food group, or for the fermentation process. Alongside food-specific markers (e.g., trigonelline for coffee), and food-group markers (e.g., pentadecanoic acid for dairy intake), several fermentation-dependent markers were revealed. These comprised compounds related to the fermentation process of a particular food, such as mannitol (wine), 2-ethylmalate (beer), methionine (sourdough bread, cheese), theabrownins (tea), and gallic acid (tea, wine), while others were indicative of more general fermentation processes (e.g., ethanol from alcoholic fermentation, 3-phenyllactic acid from lactic fermentation). Conclusions Fermented foods comprise a heterogeneous group of foods. While many of the candidate FIBs identified were found to be non-specific, greater specificity may be observed when considering a combination of compounds identified for individual fermented foods, food groups, and from fermentation processes. Future studies that focus on how fermentation impacts the composition and nutritional quality of food substrates could help to identify novel biomarkers of fermented food intake. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12263-021-00686-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Li
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands. .,Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kathryn J Burton-Pimentel
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Shi J, Ma W, Wang C, Wu W, Tian J, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Wang J, Peng Q, Lin Z, Lv H. Impact of Various Microbial-Fermented Methods on the Chemical Profile of Dark Tea Using a Single Raw Tea Material. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4210-4222. [PMID: 33792297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we produced Pu-erh, Liubao, Qingzhuan, and Fuzhuan teas using a single raw tea material and applied widely targeted metabolomics to study the impact of various microbial-fermented methods on the chemical profile of dark tea. The contents of catechins and free amino acids decreased drastically, whereas the contents of gallic acid and theabrownins increased significantly during microbial fermentation. Pu-erh tea had the highest content of theabrownins (11.82 ± 0.49%). Moreover, MS-based metabolomics analysis revealed that the different types of dark teas were significantly different from their raw material. A total of 85 differential metabolites were screened among 569 metabolites identified referring to self-compiled database. Glycosylated, hydroxylated, methylated, and condensed and oxidated products originating from microbial bioconversion of their corresponding primitive forms were significantly increased in dark teas. These results suggest that various microbial-fermented methods greatly affect the metabolic profile of dark tea, which can provide useful information for dark tea biochemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Wanjun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuanpi Wang
- Greentown Agricultural Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Kunming Colourful Yunnan King-shine Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Kunming 650501, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yali Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiatong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qunhua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Haipeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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16
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Yang Z, Miao N, Zhang X, Li Q, Wang Z, Li C, Sun X, Lan Y. Employment of an electronic tongue combined with deep learning and transfer learning for discriminating the storage time of Pu-erh tea. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Liu J, Cheng C, Zhang Z, Yang S, Zhang X. Optimization of celery leaf tea processing and the volatile components analysis. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Liu
- College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao City China
| | - Chenxia Cheng
- College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao City China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao City China
| | - Shaolan Yang
- College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao City China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao City China
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18
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Wu X, Liu Y, Guo J, Wang J, Li M, Tan Y, Zheng Q, Feng Y. Differentiating Pu-erh raw tea from different geographical origins by 1 H-NMR and U-HPLC/Q-TOF-MS combined with chemometrics. J Food Sci 2021; 86:779-791. [PMID: 33598925 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pu-erh tea is believed to be a beneficial beverage for health due to its many kinds of pharmacological effects. Nevertheless, detailed information related to differences in metabolites of Pu-erh raw tea from different geographical origins remains scarce. In this study, 43 elements were found in water-soluble components of Pu-erh raw tea by highly sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (U-HPLC/Q-TOF-MS). The characteristic groups of 29 metabolites from nondestructive proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) spectroscopy were assigned. The variables contributed largely to the origin classification, mainly including valine, threonine, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, epiafzelechin, and gallic acid ester, were screened out by sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) method. This study provided a feasible and rapid technique for distinguishing Pu-erh tea from different areas by 1 H-NMR combined with sPLS-DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- New Drug Research Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Liu
- New Drug Research Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jieqing Guo
- New Drug Research Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Juanxia Wang
- New Drug Research Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Meizhen Li
- New Drug Research Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Youzhen Tan
- New Drug Research Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qifan Zheng
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- New Drug Research Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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19
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Theabrownin from Pu-erh tea attenuates hypercholesterolemia via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4971. [PMID: 31672964 PMCID: PMC6823360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pu-erh tea displays cholesterol-lowering properties, but the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Theabrownin is one of the most active and abundant pigments in Pu-erh tea. Here, we show that theabrownin alters the gut microbiota in mice and humans, predominantly suppressing microbes associated with bile-salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Theabrownin increases the levels of ileal conjugated bile acids (BAs) which, in turn, inhibit the intestinal FXR-FGF15 signaling pathway, resulting in increased hepatic production and fecal excretion of BAs, reduced hepatic cholesterol, and decreased lipogenesis. The inhibition of intestinal FXR-FGF15 signaling is accompanied by increased gene expression of enzymes in the alternative BA synthetic pathway, production of hepatic chenodeoxycholic acid, activation of hepatic FXR, and hepatic lipolysis. Our results shed light into the mechanisms behind the cholesterol- and lipid-lowering effects of Pu-erh tea, and suggest that decreased intestinal BSH microbes and/or decreased FXR-FGF15 signaling may be potential anti-hypercholesterolemia and anti-hyperlipidemia therapies.
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20
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Ory L, Nazih EH, Daoud S, Mocquard J, Bourjot M, Margueritte L, Delsuc MA, Bard JM, Pouchus YF, Bertrand S, Roullier C. Targeting bioactive compounds in natural extracts - Development of a comprehensive workflow combining chemical and biological data. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1070:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Hu C, Zhang Y, Liu G, Liu Y, Wang J, Sun B. Untargeted Metabolite Profiling of Adipose Tissue in Hyperlipidemia Rats Exposed to Hawthorn Ethanol Extracts. J Food Sci 2019; 84:717-725. [PMID: 30977920 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the metabolic changes of adipose tissue of hyperlipidemia rats with hawthorn ethanol extracts (HEE) consumption by a high-throughput metabolomics approach. HEE were mainly composed of chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, vitexin, quercetin, and apigenin by HPLC analysis. HEE administration significantly lowered levels of the total cholesterols, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as compared to the high-fat diet model. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify adipose metabolite profiles. Numerous endogenous molecules were altered by high-fat diet and restored following intervention of HEE. Metabolites elevated in adipose, including l-threonine, aspartic acid, glutamine, mannose, inositol and oleic acid, were detected after HEE consumption. Fifteen metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of hyperlipidemia. Pathway analysis showed that most of the discriminant metabolites were included in fatty acid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arginine and proline metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis. These metabolites and metabolic networks we found offer new insights into exploring the molecular mechanisms of lipid-lowering of hawthorn ethanol extracts on adipose tissue of rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: There was a very high proportion of hyperlipidemia in China. Hawthorn is attracting increasing attention owing to their health benefits, low toxicity, effectiveness and might be suitable for long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqin Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), 11Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.,Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing.,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), 11Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.,Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing.,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Guorong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), 11Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.,Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing.,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), 11Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.,Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing.,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), 11Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.,Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing.,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), 11Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.,Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing.,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
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22
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Bassi P, Kumar V, Kumar S, Kaur S, Gat Y, Majid I. Importance and prior considerations for development and utilization of tea bags: A critical review. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratishtha Bassi
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of AgricultureLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of AgricultureLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of AgricultureLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of AgricultureLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
| | - Yogesh Gat
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of AgricultureLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
| | - Ishrat Majid
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of AgricultureLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
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23
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Dong H, Zou F, Hu X, Zhu H, Koh K, Chen H. Analyte induced AuNPs aggregation enhanced surface plasmon resonance for sensitive detection of paraquat. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:605-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Jansson D, Wolterink A, Bergwerff L, Hough P, Geukens K, Åstot C. Source attribution profiling of five species of Amanita mushrooms from four European countries by high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis and DNA-barcoding. Talanta 2018; 186:636-644. [PMID: 29784414 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Source attribution profiling of five species of Amanita mushrooms from four European countries was performed using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Initially, species determination was carried out morphologically and was verified by DNA-analysis. This data was then combined with chemical profiling, generated from LC-HRMS full scan analysis. The untargeted data was processed and the 720 most abundant peaks in the LC-HRMS chromatogram were used to build a multivariate PLS-DA model. The two independent methods for species determination showed 100% correlation, indicating the potential use of chemical profiling as a supporting technique to genetic methods. When specimens of one species were studied, significant variation related to the region of growth was found. The potential of the geo-positioning was shown for A. phalloides from Sweden, Denmark and UK and A. virosa from Sweden and Denmark. Additionally, A. virosa specimens could be attributed to three geographically different regions of Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jansson
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI CBRN Defence and Security, SE-901 82 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Arthur Wolterink
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Bergwerff
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kris Geukens
- DLD, Belgian Defence Laboratories, Martelarenstraat 181, B-1800 Vilvoorde, Belgium
| | - Crister Åstot
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI CBRN Defence and Security, SE-901 82 Umeå, Sweden.
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25
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Pedan V, Rohn S, Holinger M, Hühn T, Chetschik I. Bioactive Compound Fingerprint Analysis of Aged Raw Pu'er Tea and Young Ripened Pu'er Tea. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081931. [PMID: 30072634 PMCID: PMC6222816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pu’er tea produced from Camellia sinensis var. assamica is a widely appreciated and consumed beverage that can be divided into two kinds of tea depending on the different fermentation processed used, the special sensory characteristics, and their chemical composition. However, authentication seems to be very important for such teas, as they are traded to comparatively high prices, especially in Europe. The results for selected biochemical markers showed that aged raw pu’er tea contained 210.2 mg GAE/g polyphenols, of which 2.2 mg/g were gallic acid, 16.1 mg/g theogallin, 35.1 mg/g (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, and 40.1 mg/g (−)-epicatechin gallate, on average. Young ripened pu’er tea contained about 104.6 mg GAE/g polyphenols, of which 5.5 mg/g gallic acid, 0.9 mg/g theogallin, 0.7 mg/g (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, and 1.8 mg/g (−)-epicatechin gallate, on average. An additional objective of the present study was to unravel the best brewing conditions for optimal extraction of the bioactive compounds. Infusions of nineteen commercial teas (from pu’er cakes) were obtained at different time-temperature ratios for studying the content of bioactive compounds (flavan-3-ols, flavonols, caffeoylquinic acids, methylxanthines). Brewing at 90 °C for 5 min was the best condition to obtain a high content of total polyphenols in ripened pu’er tea. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed, that young ripened and aged raw pu’er tea can be successfully differentiated by the analyzed chemical compounds. Principal component analysis results indicated that young ripened pu’er tea has higher contents of gallic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol than aged raw pu’er tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilisa Pedan
- Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Mirjam Holinger
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland.
| | - Tilo Hühn
- Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Irene Chetschik
- Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
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26
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Jiang J, Gao X, Yue P. Multiple responses optimization of instant dark tea production by submerged fermentation using response surface methodology. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:2579-2586. [PMID: 30042574 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, submerged fermentation mode for preparing instant dark tea production was developed through utilizing industrial low grade green tea as raw material and Aspergillus niger as fermentation microbe starter. The fermentation parameters (inoculum size, liquid-solid ratio and rotation speed) were optimized by using Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM) with desirability function, the theabrownins content, redness and turbidity value as responses. The optimal conditions were set as follow: inoculum size of 5.3% (v/v), liquid-solid ratio of 27.78 mL/g, and rotation speed of 182 r/min. The optimized conditions model showed a good correlation between the predicted and experimental values. Further, the optimum product of instant dark was achieved in a 3-L laboratory fermenter, and the main parameters of product were theabrownins content of 140.92 g/kg and redness value of 40.78 and turbidity of 90.98 NTU. Sensory evaluation showed that the instant dark tea infusion approached mellow mouthfeel, an aroma of mint and a good overall acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Zhengzhu Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Jun Jiang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Xueling Gao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Pengxiang Yue
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
- Damin Foodstuff (Zhangzhou) Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, 363000 Fujian China
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27
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Law VK, Li KK, Lam AK. Caffeine Consumption from Drinking Tea in Chinese “Dim Sum” Meal. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2017.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K.M. Law
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - King-kit Li
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew K.C. Lam
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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28
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Zhang L, Dong M, Tang H, Wang Y. Metabolomics Reveals that Dietary Ferulic Acid and Quercetin Modulate Metabolic Homeostasis in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1723-1731. [PMID: 29359554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds ingestion has been shown to have potential preventive and therapeutic effects against various metabolic diseases such as obesity and cancer. To provide a better understanding of these potential benefit effects, we investigated the metabolic alterations in urine and feces of rat ingested ferulic acid (FA) and quercetin (Qu) using NMR-based metabolomics approach. Our results suggested that dietary FA and/or Qu significantly decreased short chain fatty acids and elevated oligosaccharides in the feces, implying that dietary FA and Qu may modulate gut microbial community with inhibition of bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers. We also found that dietary FA and/or Qu regulated several host metabolic pathways including TCA cycle and energy metabolism, bile acid, amino acid, and nucleic acid metabolism. These biological effects suggest that FA and Qu display outstanding bioavailability and bioactivity and could be used for treatment of some metabolic syndromes, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Manyuan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Genetics and Development, Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yulan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Wuhan 430071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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29
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Lu H, Gao X, Yue P. High-theabrownins instant dark tea product by Aspergillus niger via submerged fermentation: α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibition and antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:5100-5106. [PMID: 28422292 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theabrownins (TB) are bioactive components that are usually extracted from Chinese dark tea, in which they are present at low concentrations. The present study aimed to produce an instant dark tea high in theabrownins via submerged fermentation by the fungus Aspergillus niger. Three fermentation parameters that affect theabrownins content (i.e. inoculum size, liquid-solid ratio and rotation speed) were optimized using response surface methodology. RESULT Optimum fermentation conditions were modeled to be an inoculum of 5.40% (v/v), a liquid-solid ratio of 27.45 mL g-1 and a rotation speed of 184 rpm and were predicted to yield 292.99 g kg-1 TB. Under these experimentally conditions, the TB content of the instant dark tea was 291.93 g kg-1 . The antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of the high-TB instant black tea were higher than four other typical instant dark tea products. CONCLUSION The results of the present study show that careful management of culture conditions can produce a dark tea high in theabrownins. Furthermore, high-theabrownins instant dark tea could serve as a source of bioactive products and be used in functional foods as an ingredient imparting antioxidant properties and the ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hengqian Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pengxiang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Damin Foodstuff (Zhangzhou) Co. Ltd, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
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30
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Lee KM, Jeon JY, Lee BJ, Lee H, Choi HK. Application of Metabolomics to Quality Control of Natural Product Derived Medicines. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:559-568. [PMID: 28605829 PMCID: PMC5685424 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has been used as a powerful tool for the analysis and quality assessment of the natural product (NP)-derived medicines. It is increasingly being used in the quality control and standardization of NP-derived medicines because they are composed of hundreds of natural compounds. The most common techniques that are used in metabolomics consist of NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS in combination with multivariate statistical analyses including principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Currently, the quality control of the NP-derived medicines is usually conducted using HPLC and is specified by one or two indicators. To create a superior quality control framework and avoid adulterated drugs, it is necessary to be able to determine and establish standards based on multiple ingredients using metabolic profiling and fingerprinting. Therefore, the application of various analytical tools in the quality control of NP-derived medicines forms the major part of this review. Veregen® (Medigene AG, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany), which is the first botanical prescription drug approved by US Food and Drug Administration, is reviewed as an example that will hopefully provide future directions and perspectives on metabolomics technologies available for the quality control of NP-derived medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeong Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Ju Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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31
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Nε -(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nε -(carboxyethyl)lysine in tea and the factors affecting their formation. Food Chem 2017; 232:683-688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Lv HP, Zhang Y, Shi J, Lin Z. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of Chinese dark teas obtained by different processing technologies. Food Res Int 2017; 100:486-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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33
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Fujimura Y, Miura D, Tachibana H. A Phytochemical-Sensing Strategy Based on Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolic Profiling for Understanding the Functionality of the Medicinal Herb Green Tea. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101621. [PMID: 28953237 PMCID: PMC6151411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight phytochemicals have health benefits and reduce the risk of diseases, but the mechanisms underlying their activities have remained elusive because of the lack of a methodology that can easily visualize the exact behavior of such small molecules. Recently, we developed an in situ label-free imaging technique, called mass spectrometry imaging, for visualizing spatially-resolved biotransformations based on simultaneous mapping of the major bioactive green tea polyphenol and its phase II metabolites. In addition, we established a mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling technique capable of evaluating the bioactivities of diverse green tea extracts, which contain multiple phytochemicals, by focusing on their compositional balances. This methodology allowed us to simultaneously evaluate the relative contributions of the multiple compounds present in a multicomponent system to its bioactivity. This review highlights small molecule-sensing techniques for visualizing the complex behaviors of herbal components and linking such information to an enhanced understanding of the functionalities of multicomponent medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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34
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Xie G, Wang S, Zhang H, Zhao A, Liu J, Ma Y, Lan K, Ni Y, Liu C, Liu P, Chen T, Jia W. Poly-pharmacokinetic Study of a Multicomponent Herbal Medicine in Healthy Chinese Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:692-702. [PMID: 28675423 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of mass spectrometry-based analytical technologies coupled with multivariate statistical methods offer tremendous new opportunities for understanding the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of multicomponent herbal medicines (HMs). We recently proposed a poly-PK strategy to characterize the concentration-time profile and the metabolic response profile of multicomponent HMs using an integrated phytochemical and metabolomics approach. Here, we provided the first example of the poly-PK strategy, in which we simultaneously characterized the PK as well as the metabolic response profiles of a Chinese HM, Huangqi decoction (HQD, consisting of Radix Astragali and Radix Glycyrrhizae), in healthy Chinese volunteers. Using the poly-PK approach, we identified 56 HQD-derived compounds and 292 biotransformed HQD metabolites in human plasma. Additionally, we acquired the concentration-time profiles of these plasma HQD metabolites and correlated them with a plasma metabolomics profile consisting of 166 human endogenous metabolites that were significantly altered in response to HQD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Xie
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Shouli Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajian Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Lan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ni
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Changxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Liu
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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35
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Gao X, Lv S, Wu Y, Li J, Zhang W, Meng W, Wang C, Meng Q. Volatile components of essential oils extracted from Pu-erh ripe tea by different extraction methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1295256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shidong Lv
- Kunming Crain & Oil and Feed Product Quality Inspection Center, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanshuang Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangbing Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Meng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxiong Meng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Unno K, Noda S, Kawasaki Y, Yamada H, Morita A, Iguchi K, Nakamura Y. Reduced Stress and Improved Sleep Quality Caused by Green Tea Are Associated with a Reduced Caffeine Content. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070777. [PMID: 28753943 DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2012.747384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine, one of the main components in green tea, can interfere with sleep and block the effect of theanine. Since theanine, the main amino acid in tea leaves, has significant anti-stress effects in animals and humans, we examined the effects of green tea with lowered caffeine content, i.e., low-caffeine green tea (LCGT), on stress and quality of sleep of middle-aged individuals (n = 20, mean age 51.3 ± 6.7 years) in a double-blind crossover design. Standard green tea (SGT) was used as the control. These teas (≥300 mL/day), which were eluted with room temperature water, were consumed over a period of seven days after a single washout term. The level of salivary α-amylase activity (sAA), a stress marker, was significantly lower in participants that consumed LCGT (64.7 U/mL) than in those that consumed SGT (73.9 U/mL). Sleep quality was higher in participants that consumed a larger quantity of LCGT. In addition, a self-diagnostic check for accumulated fatigue was significantly lower in those participants that consumed LCGT than SGT. These results indicate that LCGT intake can reduce stress in middle-aged individuals and improve their quality of sleep. The reduction in caffeine is suggested to be a valid reason for enhancing the anti-stress effect of green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Unno
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shigenori Noda
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Akio Morita
- Department of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Iguchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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37
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Fan FY, Sang LX, Jiang M. Catechins and Their Therapeutic Benefits to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:E484. [PMID: 28335502 PMCID: PMC6155401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins are natural polyphenolic phytochemicals that exist in food and medicinal plants, such as tea, legume and rubiaceae. An increasing number of studies have associated the intake of catechins-rich foods with the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some studies have demonstrated that catechins could significantly inhibit the excessive oxidative stress through direct or indirect antioxidant effects and promote the activation of the antioxidative substances such as glutathione peroxidases (GPO) and glutathione (GSH), reducing the oxidative damages to the colon. In addition, catechins can also regulate the infiltration and proliferation of immune related-cells, such as neutrophils, colonic epithelial cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes, helping reduce the inflammatory relations and provide benefits to IBD. Perhaps catechins can further inhibit the deterioration of intestinal lesions through regulating the cell gap junctions. Furthermore, catechins can exert their significant anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the activation or deactivation of inflammation-related oxidative stress-related cell signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), signal transducer and the activator of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3) pathways. Finally, catechins can also stabilize the structure of the gastrointestinal micro-ecological environment via promoting the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria and regulating the balance of intestinal flora, so as to relieve the IBD. Furthermore, catechins may regulate the tight junctions (TJ) in the epithelium. This paper elaborates the currently known possible molecular mechanisms of catechins in favor of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Li-Xuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
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38
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Chen M, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Liu X, Chen Z, Zheng M, Liu B. Phenolic compounds and the biological effects of Pu-erh teas with long-term storage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1217877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Chen
- Agricultural Bio-Resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yujing Zhu
- Agricultural Bio-Resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jieping Wang
- Agricultural Bio-Resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Agricultural Bio-Resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meixia Zheng
- Agricultural Bio-Resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Agricultural Bio-Resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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39
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A fermented tea with high levels of gallic acid processed by anaerobic solid-state fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Xie G, Zhou B, Zhao A, Qiu Y, Zhao X, Garmire L, Shvetsov YB, Yu H, Yen Y, Jia W. Lowered circulating aspartate is a metabolic feature of human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33369-81. [PMID: 26452258 PMCID: PMC4741772 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct metabolic transformation is essential for cancer cells to sustain a high rate of proliferation and resist cell death signals. Such a metabolic transformation results in unique cellular metabolic phenotypes that are often reflected by distinct metabolite signatures in tumor tissues as well as circulating blood. Using a metabolomics platform, we find that breast cancer is associated with significantly (p = 6.27E-13) lowered plasma aspartate levels in a training group comprising 35 breast cancer patients and 35 controls. The result was validated with 103 plasma samples and 183 serum samples of two groups of primary breast cancer patients. Such a lowered aspartate level is specific to breast cancer as it has shown 0% sensitivity in serum from gastric (n = 114) and colorectal (n = 101) cancer patients. There was a significantly higher level of aspartate in breast cancer tissues (n = 20) than in adjacent non-tumor tissues, and in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line than in MCF-10A cell lines, suggesting that the depleted level of aspartate in blood of breast cancer patients is due to increased tumor aspartate utilization. Together, these findings suggest that lowed circulating aspartate is a key metabolic feature of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Xie
- Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Bingsen Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xueqing Zhao
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Lana Garmire
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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41
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Chiou YS, Huang Q, Ho CT, Wang YJ, Pan MH. Directly interact with Keap1 and LPS is involved in the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate in LPS-induced macrophages and endotoxemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:1-16. [PMID: 26878775 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) interaction has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce oxidative stress-induced inflammation. However, its roles in regulating downstream events, including the cross talk between Nrf2 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), are not well defined. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanistic connection between Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and the transcription factor NF-κB and to investigate the function of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) in the repression of multiple inflammatory mediators. ECG attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediator expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the induction of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven glutathione (GSH) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, interference with NF-κB and Nfr2/ARE transcriptional activities, and suppression of the MAPKs (JNK1/2 and p38) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Importantly, anti-inflammatory effects of ECG partly require activation of ERK1/2 signaling to mediate HO-1 expression and Nrf2/ARE signaling activation. Furthermore, ECG may directly interact intracellularly with the Kelch repeat domains of Keap1 and bind to extracellular LPS, thereby promoting the nuclear accumulation of the Nrf2 protein and blockading the activation of LPS-induced downstream target signaling pathways. Consistent with in vitro studies, ECG attenuates pathological syndromes of LPS-induced sepsis and systemic inflammation. Our results identified ECG as a novel Keap1-Nrf2 interaction disruptor and LPS-induced TLR4 activation inhibitor, thereby providing an innovative strategy to prevent or treat immune, oxidative stress and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 704, Taiwan; Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 704, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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42
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Li Y, Sun R, Yu J, Saravanakumar K, Chen J. Antagonistic and Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma asperellum ZJSX5003 Against the Maize Stalk Rot Pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:318-27. [PMID: 27407296 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of seven strains of Trichoderma asperellum collected from the fields in Southern China was assessed against Fusarium graminearum (FG) the causal agent of corn stalk rot of maize were in vitro for their antagonistic properties followed by statistical model of principal compound analysis to identify the beneficial antagonist T. asperellum strain. The key factors of antagonist activity were attributed to a total of 13 factors including cell wall degrading enzymes (chitnase, protease and β-glucanases), secondary metabolites and peptaibols and these were analyzed from eight strains of Trichoderma. A linear regression model demonstrated that interaction of enzymes and secondary metabolites of T. asperellum strain ZJSX5003 enhanced the antagonist activity against FG. Further, this strain displayed a disease reduction of 71 % in maize plants inoculated with FG compared to negative control. Pointing out that the T. asperellum strain ZJSX5003 is a potential source for the development of a biocontrol agent against corn stalk rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Li
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Sun
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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43
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Wu J, Gao Y. Physiological conditions can be reflected in human urine proteome and metabolome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:623-36. [PMID: 26472227 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1094380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are the measurable changes associated with physiological or pathophysiological processes. Urine, unlike blood, lacks mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis: it is therefore an ideal source of biomarkers that can reflect systemic changes. Urinary proteome and metabolome have been studied for their diagnostic capabilities, ability to monitor disease and prognostic utility. In this review, the effects of common physiological conditions such as gender, age, diet, daily rhythms, exercise, hormone status, lifestyle and extreme environments on human urine are discussed. These effects should be considered when biomarker studies of diseases are conducted. More importantly, if physiological changes can be reflected in urine, we have reason to expect that urine will become widely used to detect small and early changes in pathological and/or pharmacological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wu
- a 1 Department of Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- a 1 Department of Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,b 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, China
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44
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Lee Y, Lin Z, Du G, Deng Z, Yang H, Bai W. The fungal laccase-catalyzed oxidation of EGCG and the characterization of its products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2686-2692. [PMID: 25407933 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) is an important enzyme for catalyzing the oxidation of tea polyphenols during the fermentation of tea. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main ingredient of tea polyphenols. To a certain extent, the oxidation degree of EGCG reflects the fermentation degree of tea. This study preliminarily optimized the conditions for catalytically oxidizing EGCG by Aspergillus sp. trijbl1112 laccase and systematically analyzed the components and contents of the EGCG oxidation products. RESULTS Aspergillus sp. trijbl1112 laccase oxidized EGCG into free catechins, ester catechins, gallic acid and tea pigments. The reaction conditions had a significant impact on the oxidation rate, types and concentrations of the products. At natural pH, 69.29% of EGCG was oxidized when 1 mL of EGCG (1 mmol L(-1) ) was catalyzed by 10 µg of fungal laccase for 150 min at 70 °C. When the EGCG oxidation rate was 69.27%, free catechins ((+)-catechin and (-)-epigallocatechin) and tea pigments (mainly thearubigin and theabrownin) constituted 48.42 and 38.87% of the oxidation products respectively. CONCLUSION The results may provide a theoretical basis for the application of EGCG oxidation using laccase and provide a novel technique for obtaining high production of tea pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Lee
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhuangmei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haiquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenxiang Bai
- Yunnan Yiliang Xianglong Tea Company, Yunnan 652100, China
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(−)-Epicatechin-3-gallate (a polyphenol from green tea) potentiates doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1937-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lee LS, Choi JH, Sung MJ, Hur JY, Hur HJ, Park JD, Kim YC, Gu EJ, Min B, Kim HJ. Green tea changes serum and liver metabolomic profiles in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:784-94. [PMID: 25631872 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Green tea (GT) consumption helps to prevent and control obesity by stimulating hepatic lipid metabolism. However, GT-induced changes in serum and liver metabolomes associated with the anti-obesity effects are not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to identify and validate metabolomic profiles in the livers and sera of GT-fed obese mice to elucidate the relationship between GT consumption and obesity prevention. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum and liver metabolites were analyzed in mice fed normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with GT, and HFD with crude catechins, using LC-quadrupole TOF MS. The addition of 1% GT to HFD reduced adipose tissue and the levels of blood triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and leptin elevated in HFD-fed mice. We proposed an HFD-induced obesity pathway and validated it by investigating the key regulatory enzymes of mitochondrial β-oxidation: carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and -2, acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase. The results showed that HFD-induced abnormal mitochondrial β-oxidation was moderated by the consumption of caffeine- and theanine-enriched GT. CONCLUSION Results of LC/MS-based metabolomic analysis of obese mice showed changes associated with abnormal lipid and energy metabolism, which were alleviated by GT intake, indicating the mechanism underlying the anti-obesity effects of GT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Sook Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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Huang YW, Xu HH, Wang SM, Zhao Y, Huang YM, Li RB, Wang XJ, Hao SM, Sheng J. Absorption of caffeine in fermented Pu-er tea is inhibited in mice. Food Funct 2015; 5:1520-8. [PMID: 24836454 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is present in a number of dietary sources consumed worldwide. Although its pharmacokinetics has been intensively explored, little is known about complexed caffeine (C-CAF) in aqueous extraction of fermented Pu-er tea. The major components of C-CAF are oxidative tea polyphenols (OTP) and caffeine. Furthermore, the C-CAF can be precipitated in low pH solution. After administering the same amount of total caffeine and comparing the peak level of plasma caffeine with the coffee (contains 0.11 ± 0.01% C-CAF) group, the results showed that the caffeine/OTP (contains 66.67 ± 0.02% C-CAF) group and the instant Pu-er tea (contains 23.18 ± 0.02% C-CAF) group were 33.39% and 25.86% lower, respectively. The concentration of the metabolites of caffeine supports the idea that the absorption of the C-CAF was inhibited in mice. Congruent with this result, the amount of caffeine detected in mice excrement showed that more caffeine was eliminated in the caffeine/OTP group and the Pu-er tea group. The locomotor activity tests of mice demonstrated that the stimulating effect of caffeine in caffeine/OTP and Pu-er tea was weaker than in coffee. Our findings demonstrate that caffeine can be combined with OTP and the absorption of C-CAF is inhibited in mice, thus decreasing the irritation effect of caffeine. This may also be developed as a slow release formulation of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-wei Huang
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
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48
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A metabolomics approach to stratify patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus into excess or deficiency syndromes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:350703. [PMID: 25667595 PMCID: PMC4312632 DOI: 10.1155/2015/350703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continuously increases globally. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can stratify the diabetic patients based on their different TCM syndromes and, thus, allow a personalized treatment. Metabolomics is able to provide metabolite biomarkers for disease subtypes. In this study, we applied a metabolomics approach using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry system to characterize the metabolic alterations of different TCM syndromes including excess and deficiency in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). We obtained a snapshot of the distinct metabolic changes of DM patients with different TCM syndromes. DM patients with excess syndrome have higher serum 2-indolecarboxylic acid, hypotaurine, pipecolic acid, and progesterone in comparison to those patients with deficiency syndrome. The excess patients have more oxidative stress as demonstrated by unique metabolite signatures than the deficiency subjects. The results provide an improved understanding of the systemic alteration of metabolites in different syndromes of DM. The identified serum metabolites may be of clinical relevance for subtyping of diabetic patients, leading to a personalized DM treatment.
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49
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Lv S, Wu Y, Wei J, Lian M, Wang C, Gao X, Meng Q. Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometrics methods for assessing volatile profiles of Pu-erh tea with different processing methods and ageing years. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A method was developed based on head-space solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical methods to assess volatile profiles in different types of Pu-erh teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
- Kunming Grain & Oil and Feed Product Quality Inspection Center
| | - Yuanshuang Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 210029
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Lian
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxiong Meng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
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Chen H, Wang Q, Jiang Y, Wang C, Yin P, Liu X, Lu C. Monitoring and risk assessment of 74 pesticide residues in Pu-erh tea produced in Yunnan, China. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2014; 8:56-62. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2014.972471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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