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Qin L, Xiao J, Yang H, Liang J, Li L, Wu S, Peng D. Rapid immunoassays for the detection of quinoxalines and their metabolites residues in animal-derived foods: A review. Food Chem 2024; 443:138539. [PMID: 38320375 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Quinoxalines are a class of veterinary drugs with antibacterial and growth-promoting functions. They are often widely used to treat and prevent animal diseases and are illegally used as animal growth promoters to increase economic benefits. Quinoxalines could be easily metabolized in animals to various residue markers and remain in animal-derived foods, which would pose a serious threat to human health. Consequently, it is necessary to detect the residues of quinoxalines and their metabolites. This article reviewed and evaluated immunoassays for quinoxalines and their metabolites in animal-derived foods, mainly including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, fluorescence immunosorbent assays, immunochromatography, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors. In addition, we deeply explored the design of haptens for quinoxalines and their metabolites and analyzed the effect of haptens on antibody performance. This paper aims to provide guidance and references for their accurate and sensitive detection, thereby ensuring food safety and human public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangni Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jixiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shixiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Buravchenko GI, Shchekotikhin AE. Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides: Advances in Chemistry and Chemotherapeutic Drug Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1174. [PMID: 37631089 PMCID: PMC10459860 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Oxides of heterocyclic compounds are the focus of medical chemistry due to their diverse biological properties. The high reactivity and tendency to undergo various rearrangements have piqued the interest of synthetic chemists in heterocycles with N-oxide fragments. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides are an example of an important class of heterocyclic N-oxides, whose wide range of biological activity determines the prospects of their practical use in the development of drugs of various pharmaceutical groups. Derivatives from this series have found application in the clinic as antibacterial drugs and are used in agriculture. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides present a promising class for the development of new drugs targeting bacterial infections, oncological diseases, malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and amoebiasis. The review considers the most important methods for the synthesis and key directions in the chemical modification of quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives, analyzes their biological properties, and evaluates the prospects for the practical application of the most interesting compounds.
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Zhang X, Li Z, Mao Y, Dang M, Huang X, Wang Z, Yang H, Bai Y, Zhang H. Production of high-affinity monoclonal antibody and development of immunoassay for 3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid detection in swine muscle and liver. Food Chem 2023; 407:135175. [PMID: 36521388 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Production of high-affinity and specific antibodies to small molecules with molecular weight (MW) lower than 200 Da is challenging. Here, we designed a novel hapten, named hapten H6, for the detection of 3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA, MW of 189 Da), a residual marker of olaquindox, one of important veterinary antibiotics. The hapten H6 maintained all structural features of MQCA, especially in mulliken atomic charge distribution. Then, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) named 8C9 was obtained with an IC50 value of 0.2 µg/L, yielding a 15.5- to 88.5-fold improvement compared to previously prepared specific antibodies against MQCA. In addition, mAb 8C9 exhibited ignorable cross-reactivity with other structural analogs. Finally, a highly sensitive and specific indirect competitive ELISA based on mAb 8C9 was developed for the detection of MQCA in swine muscle and liver samples with limit of detection values of 0.04 µg/kg and 0.09 µg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Zhang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Zizhe Li
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yexuan Mao
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Meng Dang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchen Bai
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
| | - Huahai Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Wu Y, Long XM, Liu GF, Bai X, Sun ZL, Liu ZY. The multicomponent residue depletion of Gelsemium elegans in pig tissues, urine, and plasma. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1111782. [PMID: 36713860 PMCID: PMC9880259 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) as a traditional medicinal plant used in livestock production. The use of G. elegans in veterinary clinics may pose safety risks to human health. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate tissue residue depletion in pigs fed G. elegans powder. Methods A precise quantitation method and a simultaneous semi-quantitation method for multiple components independently of standards in pig tissues were developed for the first time. The two methods were validated in terms of specificity, LODs, LOQs, linearity, accuracy, precision, and matrix effects. They were then applied to a tissue residue depletion study after G. elegans powder at a dose of 2% per kg feed were fed to pigs. Results Compared with precise quantitation, the method validation results indicated that the semi-quantitation method was reliable and acceptable for multicomponent quantification independent of standards. Many G. elegans alkaloids are widely distributed in most tissues of pigs. Tissue residue depletion studies indicated that 14-hydroxygelsenicine, 11-hydroxygelsenicine, and gelsemoxonine could be used as potential residue markers, and pancreas, small intestine, and lung tissues could be considered as potential residue target tissues of G. elegans. In addition, both urine and plasma could be used to predict 14-hydroxygelsenicine and gelsemoxonine residues in the liver, pancreas, and small intestinal tissues of pigs. Conclusion The developed semi-quantification method can be applied to monitor the application and residue of G. elegans. The results provide scientific evidence for evaluating the safety of animal-derived food from G. elegans for consumers and will be helpful for its application and future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Ming Long
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Control, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gao-Feng Liu
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Liuyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Zhi-Liang Sun ✉
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Zhao-Ying Liu ✉
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Ge L, Gao YQ, Han Z, Liu SJ, Wang XY, Zhang XJ, Tang RH, Zhang RF, Sun D, Feng B, Zhang DJ, Liang CG. Administration of olaquindox impairs spermatogenesis and sperm quality by increasing oxidative stress and early apoptosis in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113396. [PMID: 35278996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Olaquindox (OLA), a potent antibacterial agent, has been widely used as a feed additive and growth promoter in animal husbandry. Our previous study has shown that OLA administration in female mice could markedly cause sub-fertility. Here we established the model in male mice to investigate the toxic effects of OLA on mammalian spermatozoa quality and fetal development. After continuous 45 days of OLA gavage, the dosage of 60 mg/kg/day (high dose) significantly affected body weight, organ weights and coefficients, and the morphology of the testis seminiferous tubule in male mice. Dosage of 60 mg/kg/day also reduced sperm count, motility, and viability. OLA at both low-dose (5 mg/kg/day) and high-dose induced peroxidation, early apoptosis, and abnormal mitochondrial membrane potential in sperm. Significantly, high-dose OLA impaired in vitro fertilized embryo development, indicated by the decreased percentages of 2-cell and blastocyst formation. Surprisingly, the natural fertility of males was unaffected after OLA gavage, which was indicated by the comparable litter size after mating. However, paternal gavage of OLA significantly decreased the survival rate of the offspring from the age of 4 weeks. In sum, our study showed that OLA gavage in male mice damages sperm quality and offspring survival, illustrating the use of OLA as a feed additive should be strictly restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Dui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Feng
- Reprobiotech Corp China LTD, Liaocheng city, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.
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Gao YQ, Ge L, Han Z, Hao X, Zhang ML, Zhang XJ, Zhou CJ, Zhang DJ, Liang CG. Oral administration of olaquindox negatively affects oocytes quality and reproductive ability in female mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110826. [PMID: 32521368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As an effective feed additive in the livestock industry, olaquindox (OLA) has been widely used in domestic animal production. However, it is unclear whether OLA has negative effects on mammalian oocyte quality and fetal development. In this study, toxic effects of OLA were tested by intragastric gavage ICR mice with water, low-dose OLA (5 mg/kg/day), or high-dose OLA (60 mg/kg/day) for continuous 45 days. Results showed that high-dose OLA gavage severely affected the offspring birth and growth. Significantly, high-dose OLA impaired oocyte maturation and early embryo development, indicated by the decreased percentage of germinal vesicle breakdown, first polar body extrusion and blastocyst formation. Meanwhile, oxidative stress levels were increased in oocytes or ovaries, indexed by the increased levels of ROS, MDA, H2O2, NO, and decreased levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GSH-Rd. Furthermore, aberrant mitochondria distribution, defective spindle assembly, abnormal H3K4me2/H3K9me3 levels, increased DNA double-strand breaks and early apoptosis rate, were observed after high-dose OLA gavage. Taken together, our results for the first time illustrated that high-dose OLA gavage led to sub-fertility of females, which means that restricted utilization of OLA as feed additive should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.
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Wan X, Wang X, Tao X. Determination of 3-Methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic Acid and Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic Acid in Pork Based on a Background Fluorescence Quenching Immunochromatographic Assay. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:783-785. [PMID: 32565525 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20c008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel rapid method based on a background fluorescence quenching immunochromatographic assay (bFQICA) was established to achieve simultaneously the quantitative detection of 3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA) and quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA), which were efficiently extracted and enriched 4 times using immunomagnetic beads from pork. The analysis of field pork samples by bFQICA was in accordance with that of LC-MS/MS; especially, the proposed bFQICA exhibited great advantages in convenience and efficiency, which only takes 30 min for the detection of MQCA and QCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulin Wan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University
| | - Xiaoqi Tao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University
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ZHANG Y, ZHOU S, CHANG X, TAO X. Development of a Sensitive Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for the Determination of 3-Methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic Acid and Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic Acid in Edible Animal Tissues Using Immunomagnetic Beads Capturing. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:1291-1293. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19c009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Song ZHOU
- College of Food Science, Southwest University
| | | | - Xiaoqi TAO
- College of Food Science, Southwest University
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Southwest University
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Zhu X, Huang L, Xu Y, Xie S, Pan Y, Chen D, Liu Z, Yuan Z. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for quinocetone in pigs and extrapolation to mequindox. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:192-210. [PMID: 28001497 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1258121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Li D, Dai C, Zhou Y, Yang X, Zhao K, Xiao X, Tang S. Effect of GADD45a on olaquindox-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma G2 cells: Involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 46:140-146. [PMID: 27458702 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Olaquindox, a quinoxaline 1, 4-dioxide derivative, has been widely used as a feed additive for promoting animal growth in China. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of grow arrest and DNA damage 45 alpha (GADD45a) on olaquindox-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The result showed that olaquindox induced the decrease of cell viability in a dose dependent manner. Compared to the control group, olaquindox treatment at 400 and 800μg/mL increased the expression level of GADD45a protein and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and subsequently increased the expression of Bax while decreased the expression of Bcl-2, leading to the release of cytochrome c (Cyt c). However, knockdown of GADD45a enhanced olaquindox-induced ROS production, disrupted MMP and subsequently caused Cyt c release, then further increased olaquindox- induced cell apoptosis by increasing the activities of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In conclusion, the results revealed that GADD45a played a critical role in olaquindox-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells, which may embrace the regulatory ability on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowen Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chongshan Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiayun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kena Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xilong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shusheng Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China.
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11
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Huang L, Shi J, Pan Y, Wang L, Chen D, Xie S, Liu Z, Yuan Z. Elimination and Concentration Correlations between Edible Tissues and Biological Fluids and Hair of Ractopamine in Pigs and Goats Fed with Ractopamine-Medicated Feed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2012-2020. [PMID: 26883087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ractopamine (RAC), a β-adrenergic leanness-enhancing agent, endangers the food safety of animal products because of overdosing and illegal use in food animals. Excretion and residue depletion of RAC in pigs and goats were investigated to determine a representative biological fluid or surface tissue for preslaughter monitoring. After a single oral gavage of RAC, 64-67% of the dose was excreted from the urine of pigs and goats within 12-24 h. RAC persisted the longest in the hair of pigs and goats but depleted rapidly in the plasma, muscle, and fat. Urine and hair were excellent for predicting RAC residues in edible tissues of pigs, whereas plasma and urine were satisfactory body fluids for the prediction of RAC concentrations in edible tissues of goats. These data provided a simple and economical preslaughter living monitoring method for the illegal use and violative residue of RAC in food animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Huang
- MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, ‡National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, and §Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jingfei Shi
- MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, ‡National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, and §Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, ‡National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, and §Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Liye Wang
- MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, ‡National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, and §Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, ‡National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, and §Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, ‡National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, and §Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, ‡National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, and §Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, ‡National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, and §Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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12
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Huang L, Lin Z, Zhou X, Zhu M, Gehring R, Riviere JE, Yuan Z. Estimation of residue depletion of cyadox and its marker residue in edible tissues of pigs using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:2002-17. [PMID: 26414219 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are powerful tools to predict tissue distribution and depletion of veterinary drugs in food animals. However, most models only simulate the pharmacokinetics of the parent drug without considering their metabolites. In this study, a PBPK model was developed to simultaneously describe the depletion in pigs of the food animal antimicrobial agent cyadox (CYA), and its marker residue 1,4-bisdesoxycyadox (BDCYA). The CYA and BDCYA sub-models included blood, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, muscle, fat and other organ compartments. Extent of plasma-protein binding, renal clearance and tissue-plasma partition coefficients of BDCYA were measured experimentally. The model was calibrated with the reported pharmacokinetic and residue depletion data from pigs dosed by oral gavage with CYA for five consecutive days, and then extrapolated to exposure in feed for two months. The model was validated with 14 consecutive day feed administration data. This PBPK model accurately simulated CYA and BDCYA in four edible tissues at 24-120 h after both oral exposure and 2-month feed administration. There was only slight overestimation of CYA in muscle and BDCYA in kidney at earlier time points (6-12 h) when dosed in feed. Monte Carlo analysis revealed excellent agreement between the estimated concentration distributions and observed data. The present model could be used for tissue residue monitoring of CYA and BDCYA in food animals, and provides a foundation for developing PBPK models to predict residue depletion of both parent drugs and their metabolites in food animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Huang
- a MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , 430070 , China.,b Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), College of Veterinary Medicine , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS 66506 , USA.,c Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , 430070 , China
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- d National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , 430070 , China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- d National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , 430070 , China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- d National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , 430070 , China
| | - Ronette Gehring
- b Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), College of Veterinary Medicine , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS 66506 , USA
| | - Jim E Riviere
- b Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), College of Veterinary Medicine , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS 66506 , USA
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- a MOA Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , 430070 , China.,c Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , 430070 , China.,d National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , 430070 , China
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13
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Segato G, Biancotto G, Agnoletti F, Berto G, Montesissa C, Benetti C. In vivo studies to highlight possible illegal treatments of rabbits with carbadox and olaquindox. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1976-91. [PMID: 26400201 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1086822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
For the treatment of rabbit dysentery and bacterial enteritis, veterinary practitioners often adopt veterinary medicinal products authorised for other food-producing species, but in some cases non-authorised drugs frequently used in the past, such as carbadox and olaquindox, might be illegally adopted. To verify the carbadox and olaquindox distribution and persistence in rabbit tissues, two independent in vivo studies were carried out. In the first study, 24 healthy rabbits received water medicated with carbadox at 100 mg l(-1) over a period 28 days, whereas in the second one, 24 healthy rabbits were administered water containing olaquindox at 100 mg l(-1). In each study rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups to be sacrificed respectively at 0, 5, 10 and 20 days from treatment withdrawal, for depletion studies. A control group of six animals was adopted for control and as a reservoir of blank tissues. Muscle and liver samples collected from each treated animal were stored at -20°C pending the analysis. Sensitive and robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analytical methods were set up for the parent compounds and their main metabolites quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, desoxycarbadox and 3-methylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid to verify their residual. Data collected demonstrate that the combination of liver as target matrix, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid and 3-methylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid as marker residue and enzymatic digestion is strategic to evidence carbadox and/or olaquindox illegal treatments in rabbits, even 20 days after treatment withdrawal at concentration levels higher than 0.5 µg kg(-1). This findings suggests that liver should be proposed as target matrix for official control in national monitoring plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Segato
- a Food Safety Department - Chemistry Laboratory , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- a Food Safety Department - Chemistry Laboratory , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Agnoletti
- b Diagnostic Laboratory , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Fontane di Villorba , Italy
| | - Giacomo Berto
- b Diagnostic Laboratory , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Fontane di Villorba , Italy
| | - Clara Montesissa
- c Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science , Università degli Studi di Padova , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Cristiana Benetti
- a Food Safety Department - Chemistry Laboratory , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy
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14
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Le T, Wei S, Niu X, Liu J. Development of a Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for the Rapid Detection of Methyl-3-Quinoxaline-2-Carboxylic Acid in Porcine Tissues. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.845897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Jiang W, Beier RC, Wang Z, Wu Y, Shen J. Simultaneous screening analysis of 3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid and quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid residues in edible animal tissues by a competitive indirect immunoassay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10018-10025. [PMID: 24090030 DOI: 10.1021/jf4037497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays contribute greatly to food safety. Yet there are no reported immunoassays that simultaneously detect MQCA and QCA, the marker residues for olaquindox and carbadox, respectively. Here, a broad-specificity mAb was successfully produced, and the mAb showed good cross-reactivity with both MQCA and QCA, having IC50 values in buffer of 4.8 and 9.6 ng/mL, respectively. The calibration curves ranged from 0.3 to 81 μg/kg. The average recoveries ranged from 76% to 108% at different spiked levels (2, 4, and 8 μg/kg for MQCA; and 4, 10, and 20 μg/kg for QCA), and the intra-/interday coefficients of variation were 4.2-13.3%. The limits of detection of MQCA and QCA in chicken, fish, pork, and shrimp were 1.76, 1.32, 1.90, and 1.18 μg/kg, respectively. This method was verified by LC-MS/MS, with a correlation coefficient above 0.98. The immunoassay was rapid and reliable for simultaneous screening analysis of MQCA and QCA residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
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16
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Yang B, Huang LL, Fang K, Wang YL, Peng DP, Liu ZL, Yuang ZH. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for the prediction of the depletion of methyl-3-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, the marker residue of olaquindox, in the edible tissues of pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:66-82. [PMID: 23631588 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the consumer exposure to olaquindox (OLA) residues in porcine edible tissues, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for methyl-3-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA), the marker residue of OLA, was developed in pigs based on the assumptions of the flow-limited distribution, hepatic metabolism, and renal excretion. The model included separate compartments corresponding to blood, muscle, liver, kidney, adipose, and an extra compartment representing the remaining carcass. Physiological parameters were determined from literatures. Plasma protein binding, partition coefficients, and renal clearance for MQCA were determined in in vitro and in vivo studies. The metabolic conversion of OLA to MQCA was assumed as a simple, one-step process, and an apparent first-order rate constant (k) was employed to describe this metabolic process. The PBPK model was optimized and validated with plasma and tissue data from literatures and our study. Sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation were also implemented to estimate the influence of model parameters on the goodness of fit. When compared with the observed data, the PBPK model underestimated the MQCA level in all compartments at the early time points, whereas gave excellent predictions of MQCA concentration in porcine edible tissues at later time points. The correlation coefficients between the predicted and observed values were over 0.88. The consistency between the model predictions and the real residues of OLA in pigs proved the good applicability of our model in food safety risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Rapid Screening of Quinoxaline Antimicrobial Growth Promoters and Their Metabolites in Swine Liver by Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Cheng L, Shen J, Wang Z, Jiang W, Zhang S. A sensitive and specific ELISA for determining a residue marker of three quinoxaline antibiotics in swine liver. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:2653-9. [PMID: 23354571 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Methyl-3-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA) is a possible residue marker for three quinoxaline veterinary medicines (olaquindox, mequindox, and quinocetone). The wide application of mequindox/quinocetone or the illegal use of olaquindox leads to MQCA residue in animal's original food, thereby threatening the safety of human food. The indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) with a specific coating antigen and monoclonal antibody (MAB) was established and optimized for detecting MQCA in swine liver. Samples were acidified with 2 mol l(-1) hydrochloric acid, extracted with ethyl acetate-hexane-isopropanol (8 + 1 + 1, v/v/v) and then detected by IC-ELISA. The logarithm correlation of standards to OD values ranged from 0.2 to 200 μg l(-1), with IC(50) of 6.46 μg l(-1). Negligible cross-reactivity happened to five quinoxaline antibiotics (olaquindox, mequindox, quinocetone, carbadox, and cyadox) and the metabolite of carbadox and cyadox (quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid). When spiked with 1 to 100 μg kg(-1) of MQCA, the recoveries ranged from 85.44 to 100.02 %, with the intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.64-10.57 % and inter-assay CV of 7.29-10.88 %. The limit of detection for MQCA was 1.0 μg kg(-1) in swine liver. Furthermore, incurred samples were detected by the IC-ELISA and then conformed by a reported LC/MS/MS method, it shown that there was good correlation between the two methods. All these results indicated that the IC-ELISA method is appropriate for surveillance MQCA residue in animal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Cheng
- National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residue Beijing Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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19
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Zhang J, Li L, Li Y, Peng B, Li S, Zhou Z, Gao H, Zhang S. Convenient synthesis of quinocetone metabolites: Characterization, theoretical investigation, and cytotoxicity study. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Zhang K, Ban M, Zhao Z, Zheng H, Wang X, Wang M, Fei C, Xue F. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of 1,4-bisdesoxyquinocetone, 3-methylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA) in human hepatocytes. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1393-401. [PMID: 22840332 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides, widely used as medicinal feed additives as antibacterial growth promoters, have been shown to exert diverse toxicities. Their toxicities are hypothesized to be closely related to the formation of N-oxide reductive metabolites. 1,4-Bisdesoxyquinocetone and MQCA are important N-oxide reductive metabolites of quinocetone or olaquindox. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the metabolites, 1,4-bisdesoxyquinocetone and MQCA, as well as their parental drugs (quinocetone and olaquindox) in two human hepatocyte cell lines, L-02 and Chang liver cells. All these compounds inhibited the growth of cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner by the MTT assay. Hormesis effects were found in L-02 cells treated with quinocetone at low doses. In the comet assay, although the two metabolites induced dose-related DNA damage in both cell lines, the levels of damage were less than that demonstrated for the parent drugs. The flow cytometric analysis showed that only the two metabolites induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase, and a decrease in the G0/G1, G2/M phase of Chang liver cells, which was not found for the L-02 cells treated with any compounds. The results indicate that 1,4-bisdesoxyquinocetone and MQCA are toxic to L-02 and Chang liver cells, and provide important new information towards understanding the olaquindox and quinocetone toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
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21
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Gibson R, Cooper KM, Kennedy DG, Elliott CT. Mass spectrometric analysis of muscle samples to detect potential antibiotic growth promoter misuse in broiler chickens. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1413-24. [PMID: 22784097 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.698398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric methods were developed and validated for the analysis in chicken muscle of a range of antibiotic growth promoters: spiramycin, tylosin, virginiamycin and bacitracin, and separately for two marker metabolites of carbadox (quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid and 1,4-bisdesoxycarbadox), and a marker metabolite of olaquindox (3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid). The use of these compounds as antibiotic growth promoters has been banned by the European Commission. This study aimed to develop methods to detect their residues in muscle samples as a means of checking for the use of these drugs during the rearing of broiler chickens. When fed growth-promoting doses for 6 days, spiramycin (31.4 µg kg(-1)), tylosin (1.0 µg kg(-1)), QCA (6.5 µg kg(-1)), DCBX (71.2 µg kg(-1)) and MQCA (0.2 µg kg(-1)) could be detected in the muscle 0 days after the withdrawal of fortified feed. Only spiramycin could consistently be detected beyond a withdrawal period of 1 day. All analytes showed stability to a commercial cooking process, therefore raw or cooked muscle could be used for monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gibson
- Institute of Agri-Food & Land Use, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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22
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The metabolism of olaquindox in rats, chickens and pigs. Toxicol Lett 2011; 200:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Liu ZY, Chen DM, Huang LL, Tao YF, Yao M, Yuan ZH. In vitro biotransformation and investigation of metabolic enzymes possibly responsible for the metabolism of bisdesoxyolaquindox in the liver fractions of rats, chicken, and pigs. Toxicology 2011; 279:155-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Liu Y, Huang L, Wang Y, Yang B, Ishan A, Fang K, Peng D, Liu Z, Dai M, Yuan Z. Tissue depletion and concentration correlations between edible tissues and biological fluids of 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone in pigs fed with a furazolidone-medicated feed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:6774-6779. [PMID: 20443624 DOI: 10.1021/jf904577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Furazolidone has been prohibited for use in food animal production worldwide for its carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, but it is still illegally used in some farms because of its effectiveness and cheap price. Because of the food safety and economical concerns, it is necessary to find an efficient and low-cost way to monitor the misuse of furazolidone in food-producing animals. For this regard, the tissue depletion and tissue-biological fluid concentration correlations of 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), which is the marker residue of furazolidone, were studied in pigs. Pigs were dosed with 400 mg/kg of furazolidone in feed for 7 days and were sacrificed at the withdrawal time of 0.5, 7, 21, 35, 56, and 63 days. Muscle, liver, kidney, urine, and plasma were collected to detect the AOZ by a simplified indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA). Results showed that AOZ was widely distributed in pigs and eliminated slowly after the digestion of furazolidone. The half-lives of AOZ in the plasma, urine, liver, kidney, and muscle were 13.7, 14.7, 13.6, 13.6, and 15.0 days, respectively. Good correlations of the AOZ concentration were found between plasma and muscle, plasma and liver, urine and liver, and urine and kidney in the depletion period of 7-63 or 21-63 days, with correlation coefficients of more than 0.97 and p values less than 0.05. These correlations can provide a basis for a simple and economical way using plasma/urine to monitor the illegal use of furazolidone in pigs without slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues HZAU)and MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
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