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Li Y, Zhang L, Xu YJ, Li J, Cao P, Liu Y. Evaluation of the functional quality of rapeseed oil obtained by different extraction processes in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. Food Funct 2020; 10:6503-6516. [PMID: 31536073 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01592b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional function of vegetable oil is influenced by different oil extraction methods. In this study, the effects of different processing techniques on the quality of rapeseed oil and animal lipid metabolism were evaluated. Results showed that rapeseed oil obtained by the aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) method had the highest polyphenol (152.08 ± 11.44 mg GAE per kg), α-tocopherol (208.97 ± 15.84 mg kg-1), and β-carotene (5.40 mg kg-1) contents and a better oxidation resistance. It was noted in an experiment on rats fed with diets containing rapeseed oils that AEE rapeseed oil reduces total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate transaminase (ALT) and alanine transaminase (AST) in high-fat diet rats by 27.09%, 11.81%, 35.52%, 31.02% and 27.61%, respectively, and the body and liver weights of rats were decreased. mRNA expression indicated that AEE could significantly down-regulate fatty acid synthase (FAS) and up-regulate acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) gene expression levels (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the AEE method can increase the content of trace active substances in rapeseed oil and ameliorate chronic diseases induced by a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zou Y, Hu T, Shi Y, Liao S, Liu J, Mu L, Chen CYO. Silkworm pupae oil exerts hypercholesterolemic and antioxidant effects in high-cholesterol diet-fed rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2050-2056. [PMID: 27558637 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silkworm pupae is a good resource of edible oil that is especially rich in unsaturated fatty acids and is considered to be an excellent dietary supplement for hyperlipidemia. RESULTS Groups fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) with silkworm pupae oil (SPO) supplementation (1, 2, or 4 mL kg-1 day-1 ) orally had significantly lower levels of serum total cholesterol (P < 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05) compared to the HCD group. With regard to antioxidant parameters, except for levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver, 2 and 4 mL kg-1 day-1 of SPO supplementation leaded to higher total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and GSH-Px levels (P < 0.05), as well as lower malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05), both in serum and liver compared to the HCD group. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with SPO can improve lipid profiles and alleviate oxidative stress in high-cholesterol diet-fed rats. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenggen Hu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Mu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Tunsophon S, Chootip K. Comparative effects of piperine and simvastatin in fat accumulation and antioxidative status in high fat-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1344-1348. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the comparative effects of piperine (PIP) — the active ingredient of black and long peppers — and simvastatin (SIM) on hepatic steatosis in hyperlipidemic rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a cholesterol mixture daily by intragastric gavage for 8 weeks. Piperine was given by oral gavage 8 h after cholesterol feeding. The animals were divided into 4 groups: control, high fat (HF), high fat plus 40 mg PIP/kg, and high fat plus 2 mg SIM/kg. At the end of the treatment, liver cholesterol, triglyceride, thiobaribituric reacting substances, superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transferase (ALT) were measured. The result demonstrated that PIP and SIM significantly reduced the accumulation of cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipid peroxidation in the liver, while elevation of SOD was observed. The activities of AST and ALT significantly decreased in PIP when compared with the HF group. Our in vitro study of pancreatic lipase also showed the inhibitory effect of PIP higher than 30% at 5 mmol/L. These results demonstrate that PIP has beneficial effects in the treatment and (or) prevention of fat accumulation in the liver and that this mechanism is due to the inhibition of pancreatic lipase and the improvement of oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakara Tunsophon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tahpoh, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tahpoh, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Krongkarn Chootip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tahpoh, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tahpoh, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Amelioration of oxidative and inflammatory status in hearts of cholesterol-fed rats supplemented with oils or oil-products with extra virgin olive oil components. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1283-96. [PMID: 26058880 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The contribution of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) macro- and micro-constituents in heart oxidative and inflammatory status in a hypercholesterolemic rat model was evaluated. Fatty acid profile as well as α-tocopherol, sterol, and squalene content was identified directly in rat hearts to distinguish the effect of individual components or to enlighten the potential synergisms. METHODS Oils and oil-products with discernible lipid and polar phenolic content were used. Wistar rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet solely, or supplemented with one of the following oils, i.e., EVOO, sunflower oil (SO), and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) or oil-products, i.e., phenolics-deprived EVOO [EVOO(-)], SO enriched with the EVOO phenolics [SO(+)], and HOSO enriched with the EVOO phenolics [HOSO(+)]. Dietary treatment lasted 9 weeks; at the end of the intervention blood and heart samples were collected. RESULTS High-cholesterol-diet-induced dyslipidemia was shown by increase in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerols. Dyslipidemia resulted in increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, while glutathione and interleukin 6 levels remained unaffected in all intervention groups. Augmentation observed in MDA and TNF-α was attenuated in EVOO, SO(+), and HOSO(+) groups. Heart squalene and cholesterol content remained unaffected among all groups studied. Heart α-tocopherol was determined by oil α-tocopherol content. Variations were observed for heart β-sitosterol, while heterogeneity was reported with respect to heart fatty acid profile in all intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we suggest that the EVOO-polar phenolic compounds decreased MDA and TNF-α in hearts of cholesterol-fed rats.
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Macri EV, Lifshitz F, Alsina E, Juiz N, Zago V, Lezón C, Rodriguez PN, Schreier L, Boyer PM, Friedman SM. Monounsaturated fatty acids-rich diets in hypercholesterolemic-growing rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:400-8. [PMID: 25830945 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1025719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of replacing dietary saturated fat by different monounsaturated fatty acid (ω-9MUFA) sources on serum lipids, body fat and bone in growing hypercholesterolemic rats were studied. Rats received one of the six different diets: AIN-93G (control, C); extra virgin olive oil (OO) + C; high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) + C or atherogenic diet (AT) for 8 weeks; the remaining two groups received AT for 3 weeks and then, the saturated fat was replaced by an oil mixture of soybean oil added with OO or HOSO for 5 weeks. Rats consuming MUFA-rich diets showed the highest body fat, hepatic index and epididymal, intestinal and perirenal fat, and triglycerides. T-chol and non-HDL-chol were increased in HOSO rats but decreased in OO rats. Bone mineral content and density were higher in both OO and HOSO groups than in AT rats. This study casts caution to the generalization of the benefits of MUFA for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa V Macri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Deng Q, Yu X, Xu J, Wang L, Huang F, Huang Q, Liu C, Ma F. Effects of endogenous and exogenous micronutrients in rapeseed oils on the antioxidant status and lipid profile in high-fat fed rats. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:198. [PMID: 25526864 PMCID: PMC4290100 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micronutrients in oil reduce one or more risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, while the contents of micronutrients in oil are relatively poor, which is insufficient to reverse the metabolic disorders at different stages of progress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endogenous micronutrients in optimized cold-pressed rapeseed oil and restoratively added or fortified micronutrients in traditional refined rapeseed oil (restoring micronutrients to be nearly equal to or significantly higher than levels in crude rapeseed oil) on the antioxidant status and lipid profile in high-fat fed rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed high-fat diets containing different rapeseed oils for 4 weeks, including the standard refined rapeseed oil(SRO), optimized cold-pressed rapeseed oil(CRO) and the traditional refined rapeseed oil with restorative addition or fortification of micronutrients (LF, HF-SRO). Results CRO exhibited significant increases in contents of tocopherols (+13%), phytosterols (+34%), polyphenols (+92%) and phospholipids (+725%) compared with SRO, as well as the total antioxidant capacities (+82-125%) (p < 0.05). While the HF-SRO revealed improved antioxidant properties in vitro than the CRO, which was comparable to LF-SRO. Significant improved plasma antioxidant capacities and lipid peroxidation evaluated by T-AOC, GSH, tocopherols and MDA were found in rats fed HF-SRO when compared with CRO and LF-SRO (p < 0.05). Furthermore, HF-SRO also decreased the plasma and hepatic TC levels compared to CRO and LF-SRO, accompanying higher fecal cholesterol excretion (p < 0.05). Conclusion The standard refined rapeseed oil with fortification, not restorative addition of micronutrients was comparable to the optimized cold-pressed rapeseed oil in improving the antioxidant status and lipid profile of high-fat fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Xu J, Ma C, Han L, Gao H, Zhou Q, Yang M, Chen C, Deng Q, Huang Q, Huang F. Optimized rapeseed oils rich in endogenous micronutrients ameliorate risk factors of atherosclerosis in high fat diet fed rats. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:166. [PMID: 25358951 PMCID: PMC4232689 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrients in rapeseed such as polyphenols, tocopherols, phytosterols and phospholipids in rapeseed exert potential benefit to atherosclerosis. Some part of these healthy components substantially lost during the conventional refining processing. Thus some new processing technologies have been developed to produce various endogenous micronutrient-enriched optimized rapeseed oils. The aim of this study is to assess whether optimized rapeseed oils have positive effects on the atherosclerosis risk factors in rats fed a high-fat diet. METHODS Rats received experiment diets containing 20% fat and refined rapeseed oil or optimized rapeseed oils obtained with various processing technologies as lipid source. After 10 weeks of treatment, plasma was assayed for oxidative stress, lipid profiles and imflammation. RESULTS Micronutrients enhancement in optimized rapeseed oils significantly reduced plasma oxidative stress, as evaluated by the significant elevation in the activities of CAT and GPx as well as the level of GSH, and the significant decline in lipid peroxidation. Optimized rapeseed oil with the highest micronutrient contents obtained by microwave pretreatment-cold pressing reduced the levels of TG, TC and LDL-C as well as IL-6 and CRP in plasma. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that optimized rapeseed oils may contribute to prevent atherogenesis and make them very promising functional food in cardiovascular health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fenghong Huang
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, P,R, China.
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Wu W, Pan L, Tan Z, Yuan L, Zhu W, Li X, Liang D, Zhou Y, Li J, Zheng J. Estimation of the caloric value of low‐calorie cocoa butter and evaluation of its effects on biochemical and physiological parameters of rats fed high‐fat diet in vivo. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Liang Wu
- National Testing Center of Food Quality Supervision (Guangdong)Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality SupervisionFoshanChina
- School of Light Industry and Food SciencesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Lu‐Yun Pan
- School of Light Industry and Food SciencesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- Yuhuan Testing Center of Food and Drug ControlZhejiangChina
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Tan
- School of Light Industry and Food SciencesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Lu Yuan
- School of Light Industry and Food SciencesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Liang Zhu
- National Testing Center of Food Quality Supervision (Guangdong)Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality SupervisionFoshanChina
| | - Xiao‐Ming Li
- National Testing Center of Food Quality Supervision (Guangdong)Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality SupervisionFoshanChina
| | - De‐Pei Liang
- National Testing Center of Food Quality Supervision (Guangdong)Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality SupervisionFoshanChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Testing Center of Food Quality Supervision (Guangdong)Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality SupervisionFoshanChina
| | - Jiang Li
- National Testing Center of Food Quality Supervision (Guangdong)Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality SupervisionFoshanChina
| | - Jian‐Xian Zheng
- School of Light Industry and Food SciencesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
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Gravina L, Ruiz F, Diaz E, Lekue JA, Badiola A, Irazusta J, Gil SM. Influence of nutrient intake on antioxidant capacity, muscle damage and white blood cell count in female soccer players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2012; 9:32. [PMID: 22812729 PMCID: PMC3409051 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soccer is a form of exercise that induces inflammatory response, as well as an increase in free radicals potentially leading to muscle injury. Balanced nutritional intake provides important antioxidant vitamins, including vitamins A, C and E, which may assist in preventing exercise-related muscle damage. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of macro/micronutrient intake on markers of oxidative stress, muscle damage, inflammatory and immune response in female soccer players. Methods Twenty-eight female players belonging to two soccer teams of the same professional soccer club participated in this study after being informed about the aims and procedures and after delivering written consent. Each team completed an 8-day dietary record and played one competition match the same week. Participants were divided into two groups: the REC group (who complied with recommended intakes) and the NO-REC group (who were not compliant). Laboratory blood tests were carried out to determine hematological, electrolytic and hormonal variables, as well as to monitor markers of cell damage and oxidative stress. Blood samples were obtained 24 h before, immediately after and 18 h after official soccer matches. Student t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare both groups throughout the match. Results At rest, we observed that the REC group had higher levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lower levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in comparison to the NO-REC group. Immediately after the match, levels of TAS, GPx, superoxide dismutase (SOD), LDH and % lymphocytes were higher and the % of neutrophils were lower in the REC group compared to the NO-REC group. These differences were also maintained 18 h post-match, only for TAS and GPx. Conclusions Our data reveal an association between nutritional intake and muscle damage, oxidative stress, immunity and inflammation markers. The benefit of the intake of specific nutrients may contribute to preventing the undesirable physiological effects provoked by soccer matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Gravina
- Department of Nursing I, School of Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B° Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Effects of cold-pressed and vitamin E-enriched flaxseed oils on lipid profile and antioxidant status in high-fat fed rats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Xu J, Zhou X, Deng Q, Huang Q, Yang J, Huang F. Rapeseed oil fortified with micronutrients reduces atherosclerosis risk factors in rats fed a high-fat diet. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:96. [PMID: 21663699 PMCID: PMC3141551 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micronutrients polyphenols, tocopherols and phytosterols in rapeseed exert potential benefit to cardiovascular system, but most of these micronutrients are removed by the refining process. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rapeseed oil fortified with these micronutrients on the atherosclerosis risk factors in rats fed a high-fat diet. Methods The rodent diet contained 20% fat whose source was refined rapeseed oil (RRO) or fortified refined rapeseed oil with low, middle and high quantities of these micronutrients (L-, M- and H-FRRO). Forty male SD rats were divided into four groups. One group received RRO diet and other groups received L-, M- and H-FRRO diet for 10 weeks. Results Micronutrients supplementation significantly increased plasma antioxidant defense capacities, as evaluated by the significant elevation in the activities of GPx, CAT and SOD as well as the level of GSH, and the significant decline in lipid peroxidation. These micronutrients also reduced the plasma contents of TG, TC and LDL-C and increased the ratio of HDL-C/LDL-C. In addition, in parallel with the enhancement of these micronutrients, plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP declined remarkably. Conclusion Rapeseed oil fortified with micronutrients polyphenols, tocopherols and phytosterols may contribute to prevent atherogenesis by ameliorating plasma oxidative stress, lipid profile and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqu Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
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