1
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Hohenwarter L, Böttger R, Li SD. Modification and Delivery of Enkephalins for Pain Modulation. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123425. [PMID: 37739096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain negatively affects patient's quality of life and poses a significant economic burden. First line pharmaceutical treatment of chronic pain, including NSAIDs or antidepressants, is often inefficient to reduce pain, or produces intolerable adverse effects. In such cases, opioids are frequently prescribed for their potent analgesia, but chronic opioid use is also frequently associated with debilitating side effects that may offset analgesic benefits. Nonetheless, opioids continue to be widely utilized due to the lack of effective alternative analgesics. Since their discovery in 1975, a class of endogenous opioids called enkephalins (ENKs) have been investigated for their ability to relieve pain with significantly reduced adverse effects compared to conventional opioids. Their low metabolic stability and inability to cross biological membranes, however, make ENKs ineffective analgesics. Over past decades, much effort has been invested to overcome these limitations and develop ENK-based pain therapies. This review summarizes and describes chemical modifications and ENK delivery technologies utilizing ENK conjugates, nanoparticles and ENK gene delivery approaches and discusses valid lessons, challenges, and future directions of this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hohenwarter
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Roland Böttger
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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2
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Yamamoto T, Nair P, Jacobsen NE, Kulkarni V, Davis P, Ma SW, Navratilova E, Yamamura HI, Vanderah TW, Porreca F, Lai J, Hruby VJ. Biological and conformational evaluation of bifunctional compounds for opioid receptor agonists and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists possessing two penicillamines. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5491-501. [PMID: 20617791 DOI: 10.1021/jm100157m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain states and tolerance to opioids can result from system changes in the CNS, such as up-regulation of the NK1 receptor and substance P, lead to antiopioid effects in ascending or descending pain-signaling pathways. Bifunctional compounds, possessing both the NK1 antagonist pharmacophore and the opioid agonist pharmacophore with delta-selectivity, could counteract these system changes to have significant analgesic efficacy without undesirable side effects. As a result of the introduction of cyclic and topological constraints with penicillamines, 2 (Tyr-cyclo[d-Pen-Gly-Phe-Pen]-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bzl]) was found as the best bifunctional compound with effective NK1 antagonist and potent opioid agonist activities, and 1400-fold delta-selectivity over the mu-receptor. The NMR structural analysis of 2 revealed that the relative positioning of the two connected pharmacophores as well as its cyclic and topological constraints might be responsible for its excellent bifunctional activities as well as its significant delta-opioid selectivity. Together with the observed high metabolic stability, 2 could be considered as a valuable research tool and possibly a promising candidate for a novel analgesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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3
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Shenderovich MD, Liao S, Qian X, Hruby VJ. A three-dimensional model of the delta-opioid pharmacophore: comparative molecular modeling of peptide and nonpeptide ligands. Biopolymers 2000; 53:565-80. [PMID: 10766952 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(200006)53:7<565::aid-bip4>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A comparative molecular modeling study of delta-opioid ligands was performed under the assumption that potent peptide and nonpeptide agonists may have common three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of pharmacophore groups upon binding to the delta-receptor. Low-energy conformations of the agonists 7-spiroindanyloxymorphone (SIOM) and 2-methyl-4a-alpha-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,12, 12a-alpha-octahydro-quinolino[2,3,3-g]isoquinoline (TAN-67), and a partial agonist oxomorphindole (OMI) were determined by high-temperature molecular dynamics (MD). A good spatial overlap was found for the pharmacophore groups of SIOM, TAN-67, and OMI, including the basic nitrogen, phenol hydroxyl, and two aromatic ring. Based on this overlap we proposed a 3D pharmacophore model for nonpeptide delta-opioid agonists with a distance of 7.0 +/- 1.3 A between the two aromatic rings and of 8.2 +/- 1.0 A between the nitrogen and phenyl ring. The potent and highly delta-opioid receptor selective agonist [(2S,3R)-TMT(1)]DPDPE, which shares global backbone constraints of the 14-membered disulfide cycle and a strong preference for the trans rotamer of the TMT(1) side chain, was chosen as a peptide template of the delta-opioid pharmacophore. Extensive MD simulations at 300 K with the AMBER force field were performed for [(2S,3R)-TMT(1)]DPDPE and the less potent [(2S, 3S)-TMT(1)]DPDPE analogue. Multiple MD trajectories were collected for each peptide starting from the x-ray structures of DPDPE and [L-Ala(3)]DPDPE and from models proposed in the literature. Low-energy MD conformations were filtered by the nonpeptide pharmacophore query and then directly superimposed with SIOM, OMI, and TAN-67. Two conformers of [(2S,3R)-TMT(1)]DPDPE that showed the best overlap with the nonpeptide pharmacophore (rms deviation </= 1. 0 A for N,O atoms and centroids of two aromatic rings) were selected as possible delta-receptor binding conformations. These conformations have similar backbone structures, and trans rotamers of the TMT(1) side-chain group. They are reasonably close to the crystal structure of [L-Ala(3)]DPDPE, and differ significantly from the crystal structure of DPDPE. The conformer with a gauche(-) rotamer of Phe(4) is most consistent with structure-activity relationships of delta-opioid peptides. The proposed 3D models were used for rational design of new nonpeptide delta-receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Shenderovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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4
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Alonso DA, Bertilsson SK, Johnsson SY, Nordin SJM, Södergren MJ, Andersson PG. New Expedient Route to Both Enantiomers of Nonproteinogenic α-Amino Acid Derivatives from the Unsaturated 2-Aza-Bicyclo Moiety. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981838w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Alonso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 531, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sophie K. Bertilsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 531, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sandra Y. Johnsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 531, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia J. M. Nordin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 531, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael J. Södergren
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 531, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pher G. Andersson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 531, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Lomize AL, Pogozheva ID, Mosberg HI. Development of a model for the δ-opioid receptor pharmacophore: 3. Comparison of the cyclic tetrapeptide Tyr-c[D-Cys-Phe-D-Pen] OH with other conformationally constrained δ-receptor selective ligands. Biopolymers 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(199602)38:2<221::aid-bip8>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Winkler D, Sewald N, Burger K, Chung NN, Schiller PW. Enkephalin analogs containing 4,4-difluoro-2-aminobutyric acid: synthesis and fluorine effect on the biological activity. J Pept Sci 1998; 4:496-501. [PMID: 9927256 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1387(199812)4:8%3c496::aid-psc170%3e3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Analogs of Met-enkephalin and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) containing the partially fluorinated amino acid 4,4-difluoro-2-aminobutyric acid (DFAB) in the 2- or 3-position of the peptide sequence were synthesized and their opioid activities and receptor selectivities were determined in vitro. The linear fluorinated [D-DFAB2, Met5-NH2]enkephalin showed mu and delta agonist potencies comparable to those of natural [Leu5]enkephalin. The partially fluorinated DPDPE analogs behaved differently as compared with their non-fluorinated correlates. While L-amino acid substitution in position 3 of DPDPE usually resulted in higher delta agonist potency than D-amino acid substitution. [D-DFAB3]DPDPE turned out to be a more potent delta agonist than [L-DFAB3]DPDPE. Furthermore, [D-DFAB3]DPDPE showed over 100-fold higher delta agonist potency than [D-Abu3]DPDPE (Abu = 2-aminobutyric acid), indicating that the fluorine substituents interact favorably with a delta opioid receptor subsite.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Winkler
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Winkler D, Sewald N, Burger K, Chung NN, Schiller PW. Enkephalin analogs containing 4,4-difluoro-2-aminobutyric acid: Synthesis and fluorine effect on the biological activity. J Pept Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1387(199812)4:8<496::aid-psc170>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Pogozheva ID, Lomize AL, Mosberg HI. Opioid receptor three-dimensional structures from distance geometry calculations with hydrogen bonding constraints. Biophys J 1998; 75:612-34. [PMID: 9675164 PMCID: PMC1299737 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional structures of the transmembrane, seven alpha-helical domains and extracellular loops of delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptors, were calculated using the distance geometry algorithm, with hydrogen bonding constraints based on the previously developed general model of the transmembrane alpha-bundle for rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors (Biophys. J. 1997. 70:1963). Each calculated opioid receptor structure has an extensive network of interhelical hydrogen bonds and a ligand-binding crevice that is partially covered by a beta-hairpin formed by the second extracellular loop. The binding cavities consist of an inner "conserved region" composed of 18 residues that are identical in delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptors, and a peripheral "variable region," composed of 19 residues that are different in delta, mu, and kappa subtypes and are responsible for the subtype specificity of various ligands. Sixteen delta-, mu-, or kappa-selective, conformationally constrained peptide and nonpeptide opioid agonists and antagonists and affinity labels were fit into the binding pockets of the opioid receptors. All ligands considered have a similar spatial arrangement in the receptors, with the tyramine moiety of alkaloids or Tyr1 of opioid peptides interacting with conserved residues in the bottom of the pocket and the tyramine N+ and OH groups forming ionic interactions or H-bonds with a conserved aspartate from helix III and a conserved histidine from helix VI, respectively. The central, conformationally constrained fragments of the opioids (the disulfide-bridged cycles of the peptides and various ring structures in the nonpeptide ligands) are oriented approximately perpendicular to the tyramine and directed toward the extracellular surface. The results obtained are qualitatively consistent with ligand affinities, cross-linking studies, and mutagenesis data.
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MESH Headings
- Algorithms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Benzomorphans/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Cell Membrane/physiology
- Cell Membrane/ultrastructure
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-
- Enkephalins/chemistry
- Enkephalins/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Ligands
- Models, Chemical
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Morphinans/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Rhodopsin/chemistry
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Substrate Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Pogozheva
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
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9
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Salvadori S, Balboni G, Guerrini R, Tomatis R, Bianchi C, Bryant SD, Cooper PS, Lazarus LH. Evolution of the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore: N-terminal methylated derivatives with extraordinary delta opioid antagonist activity. J Med Chem 1997; 40:3100-8. [PMID: 9301674 DOI: 10.1021/jm9607663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The delta opioid antagonist H-Dmt-Tic-OH (2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) exhibits extraordinary delta receptor binding characteristics [Ki delta = 0.022 nM; Ki mu/Ki delta = 150,000] and delta antagonism (pA2 = 8.2; Ke = 5.7 nM). A change in chirality of Dmt at C alpha (1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 13) curtailed delta receptor parameters, while replacement of its alpha-amino function by a methyl group (3) led to inactivity; Tyr-Tic analogues 4 and 11 weakly interacted with delta receptors. N-Alkylation of H-Dmt-Tic-OH and H-Dmt-Tic-Ala-OH with methyl groups produced potent delta-opioid ligands with high delta receptor binding capabilities and enhanced delta antagonism: (i) N-Me-Dmt-Tic-OH 5 had high delta opioid binding (Ki delta = 0.2 nM), elevated delta antagonism on mouse vas deferens (MVD) (pA2 = 8.5; Ke = 2.8 nM), and nondetectable mu activity with guinea pig ileum (GPI). (ii) N,N-Me2-Dmt-Tic-OH (12) was equally efficacious in delta receptor binding (Ki delta = 0.12 nM; Ki mu/Ki delta = 20000), but delta antagonism rose considerably (pA2 = 9.4; Ke = 0.28 nM) with weak mu antagonism (pA2 = 5.8; Ke = 1.58 microM; GPI/MVD = 1:5640). N-Me-(9) and N,N-Me2-Dmt-Tic-Ala-OH (15) also augmented delta opioid receptor binding, such that 15 demonstrated high affinity (Ki delta = 0.0755 nM) and selectivity (Ki mu/Ki delta = 20132) with exceptional antagonist activity on MVD (pA2 = 9.6; Ke = 0.22 nM) and weak antagonism on GPI (pA2 = 5.8; Ke = 1.58 microM; GPI/MVD = 1:7180). Although the amidated dimethylated dipeptide analogue 14 had high Ki delta (0.31 nM) and excellent antagonist activity (pA2 = 9.9; Ke = 0.12 nM), the increased activity toward mu receptors in the absence of a free acid function at the C-terminus revealed modest delta selectivity (Ki mu/Ki delta = 1655) and somewhat comparable bioactivity (GPI/MVD = 4500). Thus, the data demonstrate that N,N-(Me)2-Dmt-Tic-OH (12) and N,N-Me2-Dmt-Tic-Ala-OH (15) retained high delta receptor affinities and delta selectivities and acquired enhanced potency in pharmacological bioassays on MVD greater than that of other peptide or non-peptide delta antagonists.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Dipeptides/chemical synthesis
- Dipeptides/chemistry
- Dipeptides/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-
- Enkephalins/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Indicators and Reagents
- Isoquinolines/chemical synthesis
- Isoquinolines/chemistry
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Kinetics
- Male
- Methylation
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Narcotic Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Narcotic Antagonists/chemistry
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salvadori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Ferrara, Italy
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10
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Haaseth RC, Zalewska T, Davis P, Yamamura HI, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Para-substituted phenylalanine-4 analogues of [L-Ala3]DPDPE: highly selective delta opioid receptor ligands. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 1997; 50:171-7. [PMID: 9309580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1997.tb01182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several para-substituted Phe4 analogues of the delta 1-selective antagonist [L-Ala3]DPDPE (DPADPE) were prepared and evaluated for their brain-binding and in vitro pharmacological effects. Unlike the p-haloPhe4 analogues of DPDPE and the deltorphins, similar analogues of DPADPE with electron-withdrawing groups substituted at the para-position of the Phe4 aromatic ring did not all have increased potency and selectivity for delta opioid receptors, but all retained high potency and selectivity for delta opioid receptors greater than DPDPE.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Chromatography, Thin Layer
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-
- Enkephalins/chemical synthesis
- Enkephalins/metabolism
- Enkephalins/pharmacology
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/drug effects
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Phenylalanine
- Rats
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Haaseth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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11
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Stevens CW, Rothe KS. Supraspinal administration of opioids with selectivity for mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors produces analgesia in amphibians. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 331:15-21. [PMID: 9274924 PMCID: PMC3100726 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous results using an amphibian model showed that systemic and spinal administration of opioids selective for mu, delta and kappa-opioid receptors produce analgesia. It is not known whether non-mammalian vertebrates also contain supraspinal sites mediating opioid analgesia. Thus, opioid agonists selective for mu (morphine; fentanyl), delta (DADLE, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin; DPDPE, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin) and kappa (U50488, trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl] benzeneacetamide methanesulfonate; CI977, (5R)-(544alpha,744alpha,845beta)-N-methyl-N-[7-(1-p yrr olidinyl)-1-oxaspiro[4,5]dec-8yl]-4-benzofuranaceta mide++ + monohydrochloride) opioid receptors were tested for analgesia following i.c.v. administration in the Northern grass frog, Rana pipiens. Morphine, administered at 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 nmol/frog, produced a dose-dependent and long-lasting analgesic effect. Concurrent naltrexone (10 nmol) significantly blocked analgesia produced by i.c.v. morphine (10 nmol). ED50 values for the six opioids ranged from 2.0 for morphine to 63.9 nmol for U50488. The rank order of analgesic potency was morphine > DADLE > DPDPE > CI977 > fentanyl > U50488. These results show that supraspinal sites mediate opioid analgesia in amphibians and suggest that mechanisms of supraspinal opioid analgesia may be common to all vertebrates.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Benzofurans/administration & dosage
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/administration & dosage
- Enkephalins/administration & dosage
- Female
- Fentanyl/administration & dosage
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Morphine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Narcotics/administration & dosage
- Pyrrolidines/administration & dosage
- Rana pipiens
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa 74107, USA.
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12
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Ramaswami V, Zhu X, Romanowski M, Haaseth RC, Misicka A, Lipkowski AW, Hruby VJ, O'Brien DF. Lipid membrane permeability of modified c[D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin peptides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1996; 48:87-94. [PMID: 8844267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1996.tb01110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Permeability coefficients of a series of analogues of a potent opioid peptide, c[D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin, were measured in a model membrane system. The analogues included hydrophobic amino acid substitutions on position 3. Liposomes of a mixed composition consisting of zwitterionic lipids and cholesterol served as the model membranes. The obtained permeability coefficients range between 0.38 x 10(-12) and 2.9 x 10(-12) cm/s. These data were correlated with the hydrophobicity scale of Nozaki and Tanford (J. Biol. Chem. 246, 1971, 2211-2217) (correlation coefficient = 0.9933) and with determinations of lipid order perturbation by differential scanning calorimetry (correlation coefficient = -0.9779). The reasonably good correlation obtained within the family of analogues substituted on position 3 (Gly, Ala, Leu, Phe) indicates that changes in permeabilities are primarily related to increases in the partition coefficient of the peptide. However, Phe residue added on the N-terminal end of the peptide (position 0) does not appear to follow the observed trend, showing stronger lipid perturbation and lower permeability compared to the Phe3 analog. This observation demonstrates that each class of peptide modifications requires a new basis of permeability analysis and predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ramaswami
- Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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13
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Collins N, Flippen-Anderson JL, Haaseth RC, Deschamps JR, George C, Kövér K, Hruby VJ. Conformational Determinants of Agonist versus Antagonist Properties of [d-Pen2,d-Pen5]Enkephalin (DPDPE) Analogs at Opioid Receptors. Comparison of X-ray Crystallographic Structure, Solution 1H NMR Data, and Molecular Dynamic Simulations of [l-Ala3]DPDPE and [d-Ala3]DPDPE. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9531081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Collins
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85712, and Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Code 6030, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | - Judith L. Flippen-Anderson
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85712, and Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Code 6030, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | - Ronald C. Haaseth
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85712, and Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Code 6030, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | - Jeffery R. Deschamps
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85712, and Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Code 6030, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | - Clifford George
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85712, and Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Code 6030, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | - Katalin Kövér
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85712, and Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Code 6030, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85712, and Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Code 6030, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
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14
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Lomize AL, Pogozheva ID, Mosberg HI. Development of a model for the delta-opioid receptor pharmacophore: 3. Comparison of the cyclic tetrapeptide, Tyr-c[D-Cys-Phe-D-Pen]OH with other conformationally constrained delta-receptor selective ligands. Biopolymers 1996; 38:221-34. [PMID: 8589255 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(199602)38:2%3c221::aid-bip8%3e3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have previously proposed a model of the delta-opioid receptor bound conformation for the cyclic tetrapeptide, Tyr-c[D-Cys-Phe-D-Pen]OH (JOM-13) based on its conformational analysis and from conformation-affinity relationships observed for its analogues with modified first and third residues. To further verify the model, it is compared here with results of conformational and structure-activity studies for other known conformationally constrained delta-selective ligands: the cyclic pentapeptide agonist, Tyr-c[D-Pen-Gly-Phe-D-Phe]OH (DPDPE): the peptide antagonist, Tyr-Tic-Phe-PheOH (TIPP); the alkaloid agonist, 7-spiroindanyloxymorphone (SIOM); and the related alkaloid antagonist, oxymorphindole (OMI). A candidate delta-bound conformer is identified for DPDPE that provides spatial overlap of the functionally important N-terminal NH3+ and C-terminal COO- groups and the aromatic rings of the Tyr and Phe residues in both cyclic peptides. It is shown that all delta-selective ligands considered have similar arrangements of their pharmacophoric elements, i.e., the tyramine moiety and a second aromatic ring (i.e., the rings of Phe3, Phe4, and Tic2 residues in JOM-13, DPDPE, and TIPP, respectively; the indole ring system in OMI, and the indanyl ring system in SIOM). The second aromatic rings, while occupying similar regions of space throughout the analogues considered, have different orientations in agonists and antagonists, but identical orientations in peptide and alkaloid ligands with the same agonistic or antagonistic properties. These results agree with the previously proposed binding model for JOM-13, are consistent with the view that delta-opioid agonists and antagonists share the same binding site, and support the hypothesis of a similar mode of binding for opioid peptides and alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Lomize
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, USA
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Deschamps JR, George C, Flippen-Anderson JL. Structural studies of opioid peptides: a review of recent progress in x-ray diffraction studies. Biopolymers 1996; 40:121-39. [PMID: 8541444 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The solid state structures of many opioid peptide agonists have been elucidated by x-ray diffraction analysis. Recently, the first structure of an opioid peptide antagonist has been determined. Theoretically, linear peptides can have many different backbone conformations, yet early x-ray studies (1983-1987) on enkephalin and its analogues showed only two different backbone conformations: extended and single beta-bend. In 1989 enkephalin was observed in a third conformation, a double beta-bend. Since that time diffraction studies have been completed on the rationally designed linear opioid peptide agonists DTLET (Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr) and DADLE (D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin) as well as on several cyclic enkephalin analogues including DPDPE (Tyr-[D-Pen-Gly-Phe-D-Pen]) and JOM-13 (Tyr-[D-Cys-Phe-D-Pen]). The most recent review of the x-ray studies on this class of compounds was written in 1988. This paper will update that review to include the results of studies completed since that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Deschamps
- Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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