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Lisy O, Huntley BK, McCormick DJ, Kurlansky PA, Burnett JC. Design, synthesis, and actions of a novel chimeric natriuretic peptide: CD-NP. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:60-8. [PMID: 18582636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to design, synthesize and test in vivo and in vitro a new chimeric peptide that would combine the beneficial properties of 2 distinct natriuretic peptides with a biological profile that goes beyond native peptides. BACKGROUND Studies have established the beneficial vascular and antiproliferative properties of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). While lacking renal actions, CNP is less hypotensive than the cardiac peptides atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide but unloads the heart due to venodilation. Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide is a potent natriuretic and diuretic peptide that is markedly hypotensive and functions via a separate guanylyl cyclase receptor compared with CNP. METHODS Here we engineered a novel chimeric peptide CD-NP that represents the fusion of the 22-amino acid peptide CNP together with the 15-amino acid linear C-terminus of Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide. We also determined in vitro in cardiac fibroblasts cyclic guanosine monophosphate-activating and antiproliferative properties of CD-NP. RESULTS Our studies demonstrate in vivo that CD-NP is natriuretic and diuretic, glomerular filtration rate enhancing, cardiac unloading, and renin inhibiting. CD-NP also demonstrates less hypotensive properties when compared with B-type natriuretic peptide. In addition, CD-NP in vitro activates cyclic guanosine monophosphate and inhibits cardiac fibroblast proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The current findings advance an innovative design strategy in natriuretic peptide drug discovery and development to create therapeutic peptides with favorable properties that may be preferable to those associated with native natriuretic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Lisy
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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2
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Green BR, Catlin P, Zhang MM, Fiedler B, Bayudan W, Morrison A, Norton RS, Smith BJ, Yoshikami D, Olivera BM, Bulaj G. Conotoxins containing nonnatural backbone spacers: cladistic-based design, chemical synthesis, and improved analgesic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:399-407. [PMID: 17462575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide-rich neurotoxins from venomous animals continue to provide compounds with therapeutic potential. Minimizing neurotoxins often results in removal of disulfide bridges or critical amino acids. To address this drug-design challenge, we explored the concept of disulfide-rich scaffolds consisting of isostere polymers and peptidic pharmacophores. Flexible spacers, such as amino-3-oxapentanoic or 6-aminohexanoic acids, were used to replace conformationally constrained parts of a three-disulfide-bridged conotoxin, SIIIA. The peptide-polymer hybrids, polytides, were designed based on cladistic identification of nonconserved loci in related peptides. After oxidative folding, the polytides appeared to be better inhibitors of sodium currents in dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves in mice. Moreover, the polytides appeared to be significantly more potent and longer-lasting analgesics in the inflammatory pain model in mice, when compared to SIIIA. The resulting polytides provide a promising strategy for transforming disulfide-rich peptides into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad R Green
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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3
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Parat M, McNicoll N, Wilkes B, Fournier A, De Léan A. Role of extracellular domain dimerization in agonist-induced activation of natriuretic peptide receptor A. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 73:431-40. [PMID: 17965196 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.039982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR) A is composed of an extracellular domain (ECD) with a ligand binding site, a single transmembrane region, a kinase homology domain, and a guanylyl cyclase domain. The natural agonists atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP) bind and activate NPRA, leading to cyclic GMP production, which is responsible for their role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Previous studies suggested that stabilization of a dimeric form of NPRA by agonist is essential for receptor activation. However, ligand specificity and sequential steps of this dimerization process have not been investigated. We used radioligand binding, fluorescence resonance energy transfer homoquenching, and molecular modeling to characterize the interaction of human NPRA-ECD with ANP, BNP, the superagonist (Arg(10),Leu(12),Ser(17),Leu(18))-rANP-(1-28), the minimized analog mini-ANP and the antagonist (Arg(6),beta-cyclohexyl-Ala(8),d-Tic(16),Arg(17),Cys(18))-rANP-(6-18)-amide (A71915). ANP binds to preformed ECD dimers and spontaneous dimerization is the rate-limiting step of the ligand binding process. All the studied peptides, including A71915 antagonist, induce a dose-dependent fluorescence homoquenching, specific to dimerization, with potencies highly correlated with their binding affinities. A71915 induced more quenching than other peptides, suggesting stabilization by the antagonist of ECD dimer in a distinct inactive conformation. In summary, these results indicate that the ligand-induced dimerization process of NPRA is different from that for cytokine receptor model. Agonists or antagonists bind to preformed dimeric ECD, leading to dimer stabilization in an active or inactive conformation, respectively. Furthermore, the highly sensitive fluorescence assay designed to assess dimerization could serve as a powerful tool for further detailing the kinetic steps involved in natriuretic peptide receptor binding and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Parat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevardEdouard-Montpetit, Pavillon Principal, V437-1, Montréal, QC, Canada
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4
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Boerrigter G, Costello-Boerrigter LC, Harty GJ, Lapp H, Burnett JC. Des-serine-proline brain natriuretic peptide 3–32 in cardiorenal regulation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292:R897-901. [PMID: 17068158 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00569.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP 1–32) plays an important physiologic role in cardiorenal homeostasis. Recently, it has been reported that BNP 1–32 is rapidly cleaved by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV to BNP 3–32, which lacks the two NH2-terminal amino acids of BNP 1–32. The bioactivity of BNP 3–32 in cardiorenal regulation is unknown. We hypothesized that BNP 3–32 has reduced vasodilating and natriuretic bioactivity compared with BNP 1–32 in vivo. Synthetic human BNP 3–32 and BNP 1–32 were administered to eight anesthetized normal canines. After baseline measurements, BNP 1–32 at 30 ng·kg−1·min−1was administered, followed by a washout, a postinfusion clearance, and a clearance with an equimolar dose of BNP 3–32. In four studies, the sequence of BNP 1–32 and BNP 3–32 infusion was reversed. Peptides were compared by analyzing the changes from the respective preinfusion clearance to the respective infusion clearance. * P < 0.05 between peptides. BNP 3–32, unlike BNP 1–32, did not decrease mean arterial pressure (0 ± 1 vs. −7 ± 2* mmHg, respectively) and did not increase renal blood flow (+12 ± 10 vs. +52 ± 10* ml/min). Effects on heart rate and cardiac output were similar. Urinary sodium excretion increased 128 ± 18 μeq/min with BNP 3–32 and 338 ± 40* μeq/min with BNP 1–32. Urine flow increased 1.1 ± 0.2 ml/min with BNP 3–32 and 2.8 ± 0.4* ml/min with BNP 1–32. Plasma BNP immunoreactivity was lower with BNP 3–32, suggesting accelerated degradation. In this study, BNP 3–32 showed reduced natriuresis and diuresis and a lack of vasodilating actions compared with BNP 1–32.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Boerrigter
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Guggenheim 915, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Sugase K, Oyama Y, Kitano K, Akutsu H, Ishiguro M. Structure-activity relationships for mini atrial natriuretic peptide by proline-scanning mutagenesis and shortening of peptide backbone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1245-7. [PMID: 11965363 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
MiniANP is a synthetic pentadecapeptide analogue of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP). We have used the proline-scanning mutagenesis and the analogue peptides with shorter backbones to characterize the turn-like conformation at residue 6-9 and an extended structure of Gly5-Gly6 as the receptor-bound structure of miniANP. A docking study of miniANP at the binding site of the type A natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A) supported the deduced conformation in the receptor-bound structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugase
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, Shimamoto, 618-8503, Mishima, Japan
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6
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Sugase K, Oyama Y, Kitano K, Iwashita T, Fujiwara T, Akutsu H, Ishiguro M. Designing analogues of mini atrial natriuretic peptide based on structural analysis by NMR and restrained molecular dynamics. J Med Chem 2002; 45:881-7. [PMID: 11831899 DOI: 10.1021/jm010106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of mini atrial natriuretic peptide (miniANP) that provide conformational properties related to biological activity were designed on the basis of the structure revealed by NMR and restrained molecular dynamics (rMD) simulation, and an analogue with a high level of biological activity was successfully obtained. MiniANP is a cyclic pentadecapeptide analogue of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP). The conformation of miniANP analyzed by NMR and rMD simulation indicated that positive phi angles are preferred for Gly(5) and Gly(6), which is typical for D-amino acids. On the basis of the structural information, [D-Ala(5)]miniANP, [D-Ala(6)]miniANP, and [D-Ala(5) D-Ala(6)]miniANP were synthesized. The biological activity of [D-Ala(5)]miniANP was stronger than that of miniANP, confirming that Gly(5) of miniANP takes a positive phi angle on binding to the receptor. Conformational analysis of these analogue peptides by NMR suggested that a turnlike conformation at residues 6-9 and a proximate pair formed by side chains of Phe(4) and Ile(11) are important for the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugase
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research and Suntory Institute for Biomedical Research, Shimamoto, Mishima 618-8503, Japan
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7
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Medvedev AE, Clow A, Sandler M, Glover V. Isatin: a link between natriuretic peptides and monoamines? Biochem Pharmacol 1996; 52:385-91. [PMID: 8687491 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(96)00206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Isatin is an endogenous indole with a distinctive distribution in brain and tissues. In the brain, the highest levels have been found in the hippocampus (0.1 microgram/g), and an immunocytochemical stain has shown specific localization within particular cells. In vitro, its most potent known actions are as an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (IC50 approximately 3 microM), and of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptor binding and ANP-induced guanylate cyclase (both with an IC50 approximately 0.4 microM). In vivo, isatin administration (10-200 mg/kg) causes an increase of monoamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Isatin is anxiogenic in animal models at doses of 10-20 mg/kg and sedative at higher doses. Its anxiogenic effects are unlikely to be due to inhibition of monoamine oxidase, but may possibly stem from interaction with the ANP system. Isatin may mediate a link between monoamines and the natriuretic peptide system, and its analogues may provide new pharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Li B, Tom JY, Oare D, Yen R, Fairbrother WJ, Wells JA, Cunningham BC. Minimization of a polypeptide hormone. Science 1995; 270:1657-60. [PMID: 7502074 DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5242.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A stepwise approach for reducing the size of a polypeptide hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), from 28 residues to 15 while retaining high biopotency is described. Systematic structural and functional analysis identified a discontinuous functional epitope for receptor binding and activation, most of which was placed onto a smaller ring (Cys6 to Cys17) that was created by repositioning the ANP native disulfide bond (Cys7 to Cys23). High affinity was subsequently restored by optimizing the remaining noncritical residues by means of phage display. Residues that flanked the mini-ring structure were then deleted in stages, and affinity losses were rectified by additional phage-sorting experiments. Thus, structural and functional data on hormones, coupled with phage display methods, can be used to shrink the hormones to moieties more amendable to small-molecule design.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- Department of Protein Engineering, Genenteeh, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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9
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A single residue determines the distinct pharmacology of rat and human natriuretic peptide receptor-C. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Koyama S, Inoue T, Terai T, Takimoto K, Kato M, Ito K, Neya M, Seki J, Kobayashi Y, Kyogoku Y. AP-811, a novel ANP-C receptor selective agonist. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 43:332-6. [PMID: 8045678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AP-811 is a derivative of the Phe8-Ile15 region of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and is one of the smallest linear ligands for ANP receptors. The binding and agonist activities of AP-811 have been compared with those of other ANP analogs for the ANP-A and ANP-C receptors. AP-811 binds with a high binding affinity to and is a strong agonist for the ANP-C receptor, indicating that the binding and agonist sites for this receptor are the same or near each other in the ANP sequence. In contrast, AP-811 showed no agonistic effect for the ANP-A receptor, although it could bind to this receptor. Comparing the biological activities of AP-811 with those of other ANP analogs, we propose that the binding and agonist sites for the ANP-A receptor may consist of separate regions of ANP. In conclusion, AP-811 is the smallest C-receptor-selective agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koyama
- New Drug Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Smyth
- Department of Pharmacology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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12
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Delporte C, Winand J, Poloczek P, Von Geldern T, Christophe J. Discovery of a potent atrial natriuretic peptide antagonist for ANPA receptors in the human neuroblastoma NB-OK-1 cell line. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 224:183-8. [PMID: 1334838 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90803-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of seven competitive atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptor antagonists were compared on cultured human neuroblastoma NB-OK-1 cells expressing exclusively ANPA receptors, by evaluating their capacity to inhibit [125I]ANP binding and to suppress ANP-stimulated cyclic GMP elevation. In ANP analogues with a shortened Cys7-Cys18 bridge, Asp13 and a hydrophobic Tic residue at position 16 expressed antagonistic activity, while Ala16 provoked lower antagonistic potency and Phe16 induced receptor activation. The binding affinity of A71915 ([Arg6, Cha8]ANP-(6-15)-D-Tic-Arg-Cys-NH2), the most potent antagonist (with a pKi of 9.18 and a pA2 of 9.48) was only 22 times less lower than that of the agonist ANP-(1-28).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delporte
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical School, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Devine EM, Buko AM, Cepa SP, Davidsen SK, Holleman WH, Marselle CA, Opgenorth TJ, Rockway TW, von Geldern TW. HPLC and PDMS analysis of cleavage products aid in the design of small, stable ANP analogues. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1992; 40:532-7. [PMID: 1286937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1992.tb00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of a prototypical small analogue of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been studied using HPLC and mass spectrometric techniques. These studies revealed that removal of the N-terminal amino acid was the primary catabolic event in vitro. Based on this information the N-terminus was remanufactured to provide a family of more stable analogues. Additional stabilization was provided through modification of the C-terminal tripeptide. Through dramatically more stable in vitro, these new analogues do not appear to have longer in vivo half-lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Devine
- Cardiovascular Research Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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von Geldern TW, Budzik GP, Dillon TP. A ring-reversed analog of atrial natriuretic peptide retains receptor binding, guanylate cyclase stimulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 185:734-9. [PMID: 1319147 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91687-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared an atrial natriuretic peptide analog, ANP[13-27][1-12], in which the connectivity of the disulfide-linked ring has been reversed by formally cleaving the ring and cyclizing the N- and C-terminal tails. This analog, which retains many of the spatial relationships of the native molecule, binds to both ANP-A and ANP-C receptor subtypes, and triggers the production of cyclic-GMP by ANP-A. ANP-C binding of ANP[13-27][1- 12] is roughly equipotent to that of ANP itself, although the ring cleavage falls within the putative ANP-C binding domain. ANP[13-27][1-8], a truncated analog in which much of this binding domain has been removed, surprisingly maintains a high affinity for ANP-C; however, this peptide has lost the ability to activate the ANP-A-linked guanylate cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W von Geldern
- Cardiovascular Research Division, Abbott Laboratories, IL 60064
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