1
|
Salmaso V, Persico M, Da Ros T, Spalluto G, Kachler S, Klotz KN, Moro S, Federico S. Pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine Scaffold as a Molecular Passepartout for the Pan-Recognition of Human Adenosine Receptors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1610. [PMID: 38002292 PMCID: PMC10669182 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors are largely distributed in our organism and are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of many pathologies. In this perspective, investigating the structural features of the ligands leading to affinity and/or selectivity is of great interest. In this work, we have focused on a small series of pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine antagonists substituted in positions 2, 5, and N8, where bulky acyl moieties at the N5 position and small alkyl groups at the N8 position are associated with affinity and selectivity at the A3 adenosine receptor even if a good affinity toward the A2B adenosine receptor has also been observed. Conversely, a free amino function at the 5 position induces high affinity at the A2A and A1 receptors with selectivity vs. the A3 subtype. A molecular modeling study suggests that differences in affinity toward A1, A2A, and A3 receptors could be ascribed to two residues: one in the EL2, E168 in human A2A/E172 in human A1, that is occupied by the hydrophobic residue V169 in the human A3 receptor; and the other in TM6, occupied by H250/H251 in human A2A and A1 receptors and by a less bulky S247 in the A3 receptor. In the end, these findings could help to design new subtype-selective adenosine receptor ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Margherita Persico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (T.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (T.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (T.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universität of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany; (S.K.); (K.-N.K.)
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universität of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany; (S.K.); (K.-N.K.)
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (T.D.R.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lambertucci C, Marucci G, Catarzi D, Colotta V, Francucci B, Spinaci A, Varano F, Volpini R. A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists and their Potential in Neurological Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4780-4795. [PMID: 35184706 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220218094501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous nucleoside adenosine modulates a number of physiological effects through interaction with P1 purinergic receptors. All of them are G protein coupled receptors and, to date, four subtypes have been characterized and named A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. In recent years adenosine receptors, particularly the A2A subtype, have become attractive targets for the treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders, known to involve neuroinflammation, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, multiple sclerosis and neuropsychiatric conditions. In fact, it has been demonstrated that inhibition of A2A adenosine receptors exerts neuroprotective effects counteracting neuroinflammatory processes and astroglial and microglial activation. The A2A adenosine receptor antagonist istradefylline, developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin Inc., was approved in Japan as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and very recently it was approved also by the US Food and Drug Administration. These findings pave the way for new therapeutic opportunities, so, in this review, a summary of the most relevant and promising A2A adenosine receptor antagonists will be presented along with their preclinical and clinical studies in neuroinflammation related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catia Lambertucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Beatrice Francucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Federico S, Margiotta E, Moro S, Kachler S, Klotz KN, Spalluto G. Potent and selective A 3 adenosine receptor antagonists bearing aminoesters as heterobifunctional moieties. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:254-262. [PMID: 34046614 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A3 adenosine receptors were found to have a role in different pathological states, such as glaucoma, renal fibrosis, neuropathic pain and cancer. Consequently, it is important to utilize any molecular tool which could help to study these conditions. In the present study we continue our search for potent A3 adenosine receptor ligands which could be successively conjugated to other molecules with the aim of obtaining more potent (e.g. allosteric ligand conjugation) or detectable ligands (e.g. fluorescent molecule or biotin conjugation). Specifically, different aminoester moieties were introduced at the 5 position of the pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine core. The ester functionalization represents the candidate for the subsequent conjugation. All the reported compounds are potent hA3 adenosine receptor antagonists and some of them exhibited high selectivity against the other adenosine receptors. The main structural terms of ligand recognition and selectivity were disclosed by molecular modelling studies. Molecular docking results led to the characterization of an alternative binding mode for antagonists at the orthosteric binding site of the hA3 adenosine receptor, evaluated and assessed by classical molecular dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Enrico Margiotta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova via Marzolo 5 35131 Padova Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Cagliari Cittadella Universitaria S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700 09042 Monserrato (CA), Cagliari Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova via Marzolo 5 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo J, Chen P, Song C. An Overview of the Synthesis of Pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine Compounds. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666190723124839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolotriazolopyrimidines are an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles
that can act as a charismatic target and exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. These compounds
have received much attention because they are an attractive scaffold for the preparation of adenosine
receptor antagonists. Herein, we focus on an overview of the synthesis of these compounds with the
aim of assisting in the discovery of new pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Puqing Chen
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Chonghu Song
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chandrasekaran B, Samarneh S, Jaber AMY, Kassab G, Agrawal N. Therapeutic Potentials of A2B Adenosine Receptor Ligands: Current Status and Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2741-2771. [PMID: 31333084 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190717105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine receptors (ARs) are classified as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 subtypes belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). More than 40% of modern medicines act through either activation or inhibition of signaling processes associated with GPCRs. In particular, A2B AR signaling pathways are implicated in asthma, inflammation, cancer, ischemic hyperfusion, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and kidney disease. METHODS This article reviews different disease segments wherein A2B AR is implicated and discusses the potential role of subtype-selective A2B AR ligands in the management of such diseases or disorders. All the relevant publications on this topic are reviewed and presented scientifically. RESULTS This review provides an up-to-date highlight of the recent advances in the development of novel and selective A2B AR ligands and their therapeutic role in treating various disease conditions. A special focus has been given to the therapeutic potentials of selective A2B AR ligands in the management of airway inflammatory conditions and cancer. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrates the current status and perspectives of A2B AR ligands as therapeutically useful agents that would assist medicinal chemists and pharmacologists in discovering novel and subtype-selective A2B AR ligands as potential drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara Samarneh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdul Muttaleb Yousef Jaber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghadir Kassab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nikhil Agrawal
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. O. Box: 4000, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Federico S, Margiotta E, Moro S, Kozma E, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Spalluto G. Conjugable A 3 adenosine receptor antagonists for the development of functionalized ligands and their use in fluorescent probes. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111886. [PMID: 31787357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Compounds able to simultaneously bind a biological target and be conjugated to a second specific moiety are attractive tools for the development of multi-purpose ligands useful as multi-target ligands, receptor probes or drug delivery systems, with both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The human A3 adenosine receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in many physio-pathological conditions, e.g. cancer and inflammation, thus representing a promising research target. In this work, two series of conjugable hA3AR antagonists, based on the pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine nucleus, were developed. The introduction of an aromatic ring at the 5 position of the scaffold, before (phenylacetamido moiety) or after (1,2,3-triazole obtained by click chemistry) the conjugation is aimed to increase affinity and selectivity towards the hA3AR receptor. As expected, conjugable compounds showed good affinity towards the hA3AR. In order to prove their potential in the development of hA3AR ligands for different purposes, compounds were also functionalized with fluorescent probes. Unfortunately, conjugation decreased affinity and selectivity for the target as compared to the hA2AAR. Computational studies identified specific non-conserved residues of the extracellular loops which constitute a structural barrier able to discriminate between ligands, giving insights into the rational development of new highly selective ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgeri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Enrico Margiotta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Eszter Kozma
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgeri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, thermal, XRD crystal structure, the PLATON structural analysis, and theoretical studies of a new 1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidines derivatives. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Lahmidi S, Anouar EH, El Hafi M, Boulhaoua M, Ejjoummany A, El Jemli M, Essassi EM, Mague JT. Synthesis, X-ray, spectroscopic characterization, DFT and antioxidant activity of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Savateev KV, Ulomsky EN, Butorin II, Charushin VN, Rusinov VL, Chupakhin ON. Azoloazines as A2a receptor antagonists. Structure–activity relationship. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
10
|
Jacobson KA, Merighi S, Varani K, Borea PA, Baraldi S, Tabrizi MA, Romagnoli R, Baraldi PG, Ciancetta A, Tosh DK, Gao ZG, Gessi S. A 3 Adenosine Receptors as Modulators of Inflammation: From Medicinal Chemistry to Therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1031-1072. [PMID: 28682469 PMCID: PMC5756520 DOI: 10.1002/med.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The A3 adenosine receptor (A3 AR) subtype is a novel, promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis, as well as liver cancer. A3 AR is coupled to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, leading to modulation of transcription. Furthermore, A3 AR affects functions of almost all immune cells and the proliferation of cancer cells. Numerous A3 AR agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators have been reported, and their structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been studied culminating in the development of potent and selective molecules with drug-like characteristics. The efficacy of nucleoside agonists may be suppressed to produce antagonists, by structural modification of the ribose moiety. Diverse classes of heterocycles have been discovered as selective A3 AR blockers, although with large species differences. Thus, as a result of intense basic research efforts, the outlook for development of A3 AR modulators for human therapeutics is encouraging. Two prototypical selective agonists, N6-(3-Iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA; CF101) and 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA; CF102), have progressed to advanced clinical trials. They were found safe and well tolerated in all preclinical and human clinical studies and showed promising results, particularly in psoriasis and RA, where the A3 AR is both a promising therapeutic target and a biologically predictive marker, suggesting a personalized medicine approach. Targeting the A3 AR may pave the way for safe and efficacious treatments for patient populations affected by inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Baraldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Romeo Romagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu T, Naderi M, Alvin C, Mukhopadhyay S, Brylinski M. Break Down in Order To Build Up: Decomposing Small Molecules for Fragment-Based Drug Design with eMolFrag. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:627-631. [PMID: 28346786 PMCID: PMC5433162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Constructing high-quality
libraries of molecular building blocks
is essential for successful fragment-based drug discovery. In this
communication, we describe eMolFrag, a new open-source
software to decompose organic compounds into nonredundant fragments
retaining molecular connectivity information. Given a collection of
molecules, eMolFrag generates a set of unique fragments
comprising larger moieties, bricks, and smaller linkers connecting
bricks. These building blocks can subsequently be used to construct
virtual screening libraries for targeted drug discovery. The robustness
and computational performance of eMolFrag is assessed
against the Directory of Useful Decoys, Enhanced database conducted
in serial and parallel modes with up to 16 computing cores. Further,
the application of eMolFrag in de novo drug design
is illustrated using the adenosine receptor. eMolFrag
is implemented in Python, and it is available as stand-alone software
and a web server at www.brylinski.org/emolfrag and https://github.com/liutairan/eMolFrag.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris Alvin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Bradley University , Peoria, Illinois 61625, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu YC, Qu RY, Chen Q, Yang JF, Cong-Wei N, Zhen X, Yang GF. Triazolopyrimidines as a New Herbicidal Lead for Combating Weed Resistance Associated with Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Mutation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4845-4857. [PMID: 27265721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS; also known as acetolactate synthase; EC 2.2.1.6, formerly EC 4.1.3.18) is the first common enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the branched-chain amino acids in plants and a wide range of microorganisms. Weed resistance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides, increasing at an exponential rate, is becoming a global problem and leading to an urgent demand of developing novel compounds against both resistant and wild AHAS. In the present work, a series of novel 2-aroxyl-1,2,4-triazolopyrimidine derivatives (a total of 55) were designed and synthesized with the aim to discover an antiresistant lead compound. Fortunately, the screening results indicated that many of the newly synthesized compounds showed a better, even excellent, inhibition effect against both the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana AHAS and P197L mutants. Among them, compounds 5-3 to 5-17, compounds 5-19 to 5-26, compounds 5-28 to 5-45, and compound 5-48 have the lower values of resistance factor (RF) and display a potential power to overcome resistance associated with the P197L mutation in the enzyme levels. Further greenhouse in vivo assay showed that compounds 5-15 and 5-20 displayed "moderate" to "good" herbicidal activity against both the wild type-and the resistant (P197L mutation) Descurainia sophia, even at a rate as low as 0.9375 (g of ai/ha). The above results indicated that these two compounds could be used as new leads for the future development of antiresistance herbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Ren-Yu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jing-Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Niu Cong-Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xi Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjing 30071, PR China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjing 30071, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Federico S, Ciancetta A, Porta N, Redenti S, Pastorin G, Cacciari B, Klotz KN, Moro S, Spalluto G. 5,7-Disubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines as pharmacological tools to explore the antagonist selectivity profiles toward adenosine receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 108:529-541. [PMID: 26717203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship of new 5,7-disubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines as adenosine receptors (ARs) antagonists has been explored. The introduction of a benzylamino group at C5 with a free amino group at C7 increases the affinity toward all the ARs subtypes (10: KihA1 = 94.6 nM; KihA2A = 1.11 nM; IC50hA2B = 2214 nM; KihA3 = 30.8 nM). Replacing the free amino group at C7 with a phenylureido moiety yields a potent and quite selective hA2A AR antagonist (14: hA2A AR Ki = 1.44 nM; hA1/hA2A = 216.0; hA3/hA2A = 20.6). This trend diverges from the analysis on the pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine series previously reported. With the help of an in silico receptor-driven approach, we have rationalized these observations and elucidated from a molecular point of view the role of the benzylamino group at C5 in determining affinity toward the hA2A AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Porta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Redenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - Barbara Cacciari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Karl Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxicologie, Universität of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Federico S, Redenti S, Sturlese M, Ciancetta A, Kachler S, Klotz KN, Cacciari B, Moro S, Spalluto G. The Influence of the 1-(3-Trifluoromethyl-Benzyl)-1H-Pyrazole-4-yl Moiety on the Adenosine Receptors Affinity Profile of Pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-c]Pyrimidine Derivatives. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143504. [PMID: 26625265 PMCID: PMC4666649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine (PTP) derivatives has been developed in order to explore their affinity and selectivity profile at the four adenosine receptor subtypes. In particular, the PTP scaffold was conjugated at the C2 position with the 1-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-1H-pyrazole, a group believed to confer potency and selectivity toward the human (h) A2B adenosine receptor (AR) to the xanthine ligand 8-(1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione (CVT 6975). Interestingly, the synthesized compounds turned out to be inactive at the hA2B AR but they displayed affinity at the hA3 AR in the nanomolar range. The best compound of the series (6) shows both high affinity (hA3 AR Ki = 11 nM) and selectivity (A1/A3 and A2A/A3 > 9090; A2B/A3 > 909) at the hA3 AR. To better rationalize these results, a molecular docking study on the four AR subtypes was performed for all the synthesized compounds. In addition, CTV 6975 and two close analogues have been subjected to the same molecular docking protocol to investigate the role of the 1-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-1H-pyrazole on the binding at the four ARs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Redenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxicologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxicologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Cacciari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Borea PA, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Baraldi PG, Tabrizi MA, Merighi S, Gessi S. The A3 adenosine receptor: history and perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:74-102. [PMID: 25387804 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
By general consensus, the omnipresent purine nucleoside adenosine is considered a major regulator of local tissue function, especially when energy supply fails to meet cellular energy demand. Adenosine mediation involves activation of a family of four G protein-coupled adenosine receptors (ARs): A(1), A(2)A, A(2)B, and A(3). The A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR) is the only adenosine subtype to be overexpressed in inflammatory and cancer cells, thus making it a potential target for therapy. Originally isolated as an orphan receptor, A(3)AR presented a twofold nature under different pathophysiologic conditions: it appeared to be protective/harmful under ischemic conditions, pro/anti-inflammatory, and pro/antitumoral depending on the systems investigated. Until recently, the greatest and most intriguing challenge has been to understand whether, and in which cases, selective A(3) agonists or antagonists would be the best choice. Today, the choice has been made and A(3)AR agonists are now under clinical development for some disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, glaucoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. More specifically, the interest and relevance of these new agents derives from clinical data demonstrating that A(3)AR agonists are both effective and safe. Thus, it will become apparent in the present review that purine scientists do seem to be getting closer to their goal: the incorporation of adenosine ligands into drugs with the ability to save lives and improve human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Synthesis and antifungal activity of the derivatives of novel pyrazole carboxamide and isoxazolol pyrazole carboxylate. Molecules 2015; 20:4383-94. [PMID: 25759955 PMCID: PMC6272414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of pyrazole carboxamide and isoxazolol pyrazole carboxylate derivatives were designed and synthesized in this study. The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on spectral data (infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy). Then, all of the compounds were bioassayed in vitro against four types of phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria porri, Marssonina coronaria, Cercospora petroselini and Rhizoctonia solani) using the mycelium growth inhibition method. The results showed that some of the synthesized pyrazole carboxamides displayed notable antifungal activity. The isoxazole pyrazole carboxylate 7ai exhibited significant antifungal activity against R. solani, with an EC50 value of 0.37 μg/mL. Nonetheless, this value was lower than that of the commercial fungicide, carbendazol.
Collapse
|
17
|
Venkatesan G, Paira P, Cheong S, Federico S, Klotz K, Spalluto G, Pastorin G. A facile and novel synthesis of N2-, C6-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4 carboxylate derivatives as adenosine receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:784-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
6-(4-Amino-1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyrimidin-5-yl)-3,6-dimethyl-2-(methylthio)-6,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5-dione. MOLBANK 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/m842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
19
|
Dalvadi JP, Patel PK, Chikhalia KH. A tandem and tunable Pd catalyzed C–N coupling of heteroarenols with ureas via C–OH bond activation. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
20
|
Ben Salah B, Chaari N, Rekik A, Ben Hsouna A, Trigui M, Kossentini M. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Antibacterial Activity of 1,2,4-Triazoles and 1,2,4-Triazol-3-one. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bochra Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Sfax; 3000 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Najla Chaari
- Science Materials and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Science; University of Sfax; 3000 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Awatef Rekik
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Sfax; 3000 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biopesticides Team (LPIP), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax; University of Sfax; 3018 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Trigui
- Biopesticides Team (LPIP), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax; University of Sfax; 3018 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kossentini
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Sfax; 3000 Sfax Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kozlov NG, Tereshko AB. Barbituric acid in the synthesis of fused 1,7-phenanthroline derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428014070124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Federico S, Ciancetta A, Porta N, Redenti S, Pastorin G, Cacciari B, Klotz KN, Moro S, Spalluto G. Scaffold Decoration at Positions 5 and 8 of 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-c]Pyrimidines to Explore the Antagonist Profiling on Adenosine Receptors: A Preliminary Structure–Activity Relationship Study. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6210-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500752h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular
Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Porta
- Molecular
Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Redenti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Barbara Cacciari
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Karl Norbert Klotz
- Institut
für Pharmakologie, Universität of Würzburg, Versbacher
Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular
Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Descriptors requirement for QSAR analysis of pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine derivative as human A3 receptor antagonists: design of novel furan derivatives and validation by docking. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Discovery of simplified N2-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel adenosine receptor antagonists: Efficient synthetic approaches, biological evaluations and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1751-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Synthesis of 6-hydrazino-3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and its application for the construction of a pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine system. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
26
|
Bonet I, Franco-Montero P, Rivero V, Teijeira M, Borges F, Uriarte E, Morales Helguera A. Classifier ensemble based on feature selection and diversity measures for predicting the affinity of A(2B) adenosine receptor antagonists. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:3140-55. [PMID: 24289249 DOI: 10.1021/ci300516w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A(2B) adenosine receptor antagonists may be beneficial in treating diseases like asthma, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and certain cancers. This has stimulated research for the development of potent ligands for this subtype, based on quantitative structure-affinity relationships. In this work, a new ensemble machine learning algorithm is proposed for classification and prediction of the ligand-binding affinity of A(2B) adenosine receptor antagonists. This algorithm is based on the training of different classifier models with multiple training sets (composed of the same compounds but represented by diverse features). The k-nearest neighbor, decision trees, neural networks, and support vector machines were used as single classifiers. To select the base classifiers for combining into the ensemble, several diversity measures were employed. The final multiclassifier prediction results were computed from the output obtained by using a combination of selected base classifiers output, by utilizing different mathematical functions including the following: majority vote, maximum and average probability. In this work, 10-fold cross- and external validation were used. The strategy led to the following results: i) the single classifiers, together with previous features selections, resulted in good overall accuracy, ii) a comparison between single classifiers, and their combinations in the multiclassifier model, showed that using our ensemble gave a better performance than the single classifier model, and iii) our multiclassifier model performed better than the most widely used multiclassifier models in the literature. The results and statistical analysis demonstrated the supremacy of our multiclassifier approach for predicting the affinity of A(2B) adenosine receptor antagonists, and it can be used to develop other QSAR models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isis Bonet
- Escuela de Ingeniería de Antioquia, Envigado, 055428 Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bacilieri M, Ciancetta A, Paoletta S, Federico S, Cosconati S, Cacciari B, Taliani S, Da Settimo F, Novellino E, Klotz KN, Spalluto G, Moro S. Revisiting a receptor-based pharmacophore hypothesis for human A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:1620-37. [PMID: 23705857 DOI: 10.1021/ci300615u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of both structure- and ligand-based design approaches represents to date one of the most useful strategies in the discovery of new drug candidates. In the present paper, we investigated how the application of docking-driven conformational analysis can improve the predictive ability of 3D-QSAR statistical models. With the use of the crystallographic structure in complex with the high affinity antagonist ZM 241385 (4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]-triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol), we revisited a general pharmacophore hypothesis for the human A(2A) adenosine receptor of a set of 751 known antagonists, by applying an integrated ligand- and structure-based approach. Our novel pharmacophore hypothesis has been validated by using an external test set of 29 newly synthesized human adenosine receptor antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bacilieri
- Molecular Modeling Section-MMS, Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Luo Y, Zhang S, Liu ZJ, Chen W, Fu J, Zeng QF, Zhu HL. Synthesis and antimicrobical evaluation of a novel class of 1,3,4-thiadiazole: Derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Paira P, Chow MJ, Venkatesan G, Kosaraju VK, Cheong SL, Klotz KN, Ang WH, Pastorin G. Organoruthenium Antagonists of Human A3Adenosine Receptors. Chemistry 2013; 19:8321-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Federico S, Ciancetta A, Sabbadin D, Paoletta S, Pastorin G, Cacciari B, Klotz KN, Moro S, Spalluto G. Exploring the directionality of 5-substitutions in a new series of 5-alkylaminopyrazolo[4,3-e]1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine as a strategy to design novel human a(3) adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9654-68. [PMID: 23098605 DOI: 10.1021/jm300899q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of new 5-alkylaminopyrazolo[4,3-e]1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as antagonists of the A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) was explored with the principal aim to establish the directionality of 5-substitutions inside the orthosteric binding site of the A(3) AR. All the synthesized compounds showed affinity for the hA(3) AR from nanomolar to subnanomolar range. In particular, the most potent and selective antagonist presents an (S) α-phenylethylamino moiety at the 5 position (26, K(i) hA(3) = 0.3 nM). Using an in silico receptor-driven approach, we have determined the most favorable orientation of the substitutions at the 5 position of the pyrazolo[4,3-e]1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine (PTP) scaffold, opening the possibility for further derivatizations aimed at directing the N(5) position toward the extracellular environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu Z, Cheng F, Li J, Zhou Y, Su N, Li W, Liu G, Tang Y. Comparative pharmacophore modeling of human adenosine receptor A1 and A3 antagonists. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
32
|
Kozma E, Kumar TS, Federico S, Phan K, Balasubramanian R, Gao ZG, Paoletta S, Moro S, Spalluto G, Jacobson KA. Novel fluorescent antagonist as a molecular probe in A(3) adenosine receptor binding assays using flow cytometry. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1552-61. [PMID: 22402302 PMCID: PMC3322254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of the A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) was explored in cardiac ischaemia, inflammatory diseases and cancer. We report a new fluorophore-conjugated human (h) A(3)AR antagonist for application to cell-based assays in ligand discovery and for receptor imaging. Fluorescent pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-ylamine (pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine, PTP) and triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-yl)amine (triazolo-quinazoline, TQ) AR antagonists were compared. A chain-extended and click-conjugated Alexa Fluor-488 TQ derivative (MRS5449) displayed a radioligand binding K(i) value of 6.4±2.5nM in hA(3)AR-expressing CHO cell membranes. MRS5449 antagonized hA(3)AR agonist-induced inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner (K(B)=4.8nM). Using flow cytometry (FCM), MRS5449 saturated hA(3)ARs with very high specific-to-nonspecific binding ratio with an equilibrium binding constant 5.15nM, comparable to the K(d) value of 6.65nM calculated from kinetic experiments. K(i) values of known AR antagonists in inhibition of MRS5449 binding in whole cell FCM were consistent with radioligand binding in membranes, but agonist binding was 5-20 fold weaker than obtained with agonist radioligand [(125)I]I-AB-MECA. Further binding analysis of MRS5549 suggested multiple agonist binding states of the A(3)AR. Molecular docking predicted binding modes of these fluorescent antagonists. Thus, MRS5449 is a useful tool for hA(3)AR characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kozma
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810 USA
| | - T. Santhosh Kumar
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810 USA
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Khai Phan
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810 USA
| | - Ramachandran Balasubramanian
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810 USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810 USA
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810 USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cheong SL, Federico S, Venkatesan G, Mandel AL, Shao YM, Moro S, Spalluto G, Pastorin G. The A3 adenosine receptor as multifaceted therapeutic target: pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and in silico approaches. Med Res Rev 2011; 33:235-335. [PMID: 22095687 DOI: 10.1002/med.20254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an ubiquitous local modulator that regulates various physiological and pathological functions by stimulating four membrane receptors, namely A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3). Among these G protein-coupled receptors, the A(3) subtype is found mainly in the lung, liver, heart, eyes, and brain in our body. It has been associated with cerebroprotection and cardioprotection, as well as modulation of cellular growth upon its selective activation. On the other hand, its inhibition by selective antagonists has been reported to be potentially useful in the treatment of pathological conditions including glaucoma, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. In this review, we focused on the pharmacology and the therapeutic implications of the human (h)A(3) adenosine receptor (AR), together with an overview on the progress of hA(3) AR agonists, antagonists, allosteric modulators, and radioligands, as well as on the recent advances pertaining to the computational approaches (e.g., quantitative structure-activity relationships, homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations) applied to the modeling of hA(3) AR and drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siew Lee Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cheong SL, Dolzhenko AV, Paoletta S, Lee EPR, Kachler S, Federico S, Klotz KN, Dolzhenko AV, Spalluto G, Moro S, Pastorin G. Does the combination of optimal substitutions at the C2-, N5- and N8-positions of the pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine scaffold guarantee selective modulation of the human A3 adenosine receptors? Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6120-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
35
|
Pharmacophore elucidation for a new series of 2-aryl-pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidines as potent human A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2898-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
36
|
Pyrazolo derivatives as potent adenosine receptor antagonists: an overview on the structure-activity relationships. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011; 2011:480652. [PMID: 25954519 PMCID: PMC4411897 DOI: 10.1155/2011/480652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, medicinal chemistry research towards potent and selective antagonists of human adenosine receptors (namely, A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) has been evolving rapidly. These antagonists are deemed therapeutically beneficial in several pathological conditions including neurological and renal disorders, cancer, inflammation, and glaucoma. Up to this point, many classes of compounds have been successfully synthesized and identified as potent human adenosine receptor antagonists. In this paper, an overview of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) profiles of promising nonxanthine pyrazolo derivatives is reported and discussed. We have emphasized the SAR for some representative structures such as pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-c]pyrimidines; pyrazolo-[3,4-c] or -[4,3-c]quinolines; pyrazolo-[4,3-d]pyrimidinones; pyrazolo-[3,4-d]pyrimidines and pyrazolo-[1,5-a]pyridines. This overview not only clarifies the structural requirements deemed essential for affinity towards individual adenosine receptor subtypes, but it also sheds light on the rational design and optimization of existing structural templates to allow us to conceive new, more potent adenosine receptor antagonists.
Collapse
|
37
|
Federico S, Paoletta S, Cheong SL, Pastorin G, Cacciari B, Stragliotto S, Klotz KN, Siegel J, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Moro S, Spalluto G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazines as human A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists with improved water solubility. J Med Chem 2011; 54:877-89. [PMID: 21214204 PMCID: PMC3578427 DOI: 10.1021/jm101349u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine derivatives related to ZM241385 as antagonists of the A(2A) adenosine receptor (AR) was explored through the synthesis of analogues substituted at the 5 position. The A(2A) AR X-ray structure was used to propose a structural basis for the activity and selectivity of the analogues and to direct the synthetic design strategy to provide access to solvent-exposed regions. Thus, we have identified a point of substitution for the attachment of solubilizing groups to enhance both aqueous solubility and physicochemical properties, maintaining potent interactions with the A(2A) AR and, in some cases, receptor subtype selectivity. Among the most potent and selective novel compounds were a long-chain ether-containing amine congener 20 (K(i) 11.5 nM) and its urethane-protected derivative 14 (K(i) 17.8 nM). Compounds 20 and 31 (K(i) 11.5 and 16.9 nM, respectively) were readily water-soluble up to 10 mM. The analogues were docked in the crystallographic structure of the hA(2A) AR and in a homology model of the hA(3) AR, and the per residue electrostatic and hydrophobic contributions to the binding were assessed and stabilizing factors were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Siew Lee Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
| | - Barbara Cacciari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Stragliotto
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Karl Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universität of Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Siegel
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Riyadh SM, Farghaly TA, Gomha SM. Novel polyazaheterocyclic systems: Synthesis, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1721-8. [PMID: 21116773 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of new polyazaheterocyclic ring systems was synthesized via the reaction of enaminone 5 with active methylene compounds, hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine, and heterocyclic amines. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were substantiated on the basis of spectral data and elemental analyses. The antitumor activity of the enaminone 5 against the human breast cell line MCF-7, the liver carcinoma cell line HEPG2-1, and HELA cells was determined. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of some selected products was evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Riyadh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cheong SL, Dolzhenko A, Kachler S, Paoletta S, Federico S, Cacciari B, Dolzhenko A, Klotz KN, Moro S, Spalluto G, Pastorin G. The significance of 2-furyl ring substitution with a 2-(para-substituted) aryl group in a new series of pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidines as potent and highly selective hA(3) adenosine receptors antagonists: new insights into structure-affinity relationship and receptor-antagonist recognition. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3361-75. [PMID: 20307065 DOI: 10.1021/jm100049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among the heterocyclic structures identified as potent human A(3) (hA(3)) adenosine receptor's antagonists, we have demonstrated that the new pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidines, bearing an aryl group in replacement of the C(2)-furyl ring, not only confer a good pharmacological profile (with significantly enhanced selectivity against other adenosine receptor subytpes) but also overcome the metabolic transformation of the furan ring into toxic intermediates. All the synthesized [2-(para-substituted) phenyl]-pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidines showed affinity at the hA(3) receptor in the low nanomolar range. The most potent derivative of the series presented better affinity and excellent selectivity (compound 31, K(i) hA(3) = 0.108 nM; hA(1)/hA(3) = 5200; hA(2A)/hA(3) = 7200), in comparison to the C(2)-furyl counterpart. A receptor-driven molecular modeling investigation, based on a recently proposed model of A(3) receptor derived from the crystallographic structure of human A(2A) receptor, has been carried out in order to support the experimental binding data and to justify the enhanced selectivity against the other receptor subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siew Lee Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Block S15, no. 05-PI-03, Singapore 117543
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pastorin G, Federico S, Paoletta S, Corradino M, Cateni F, Cacciari B, Klotz KN, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Spalluto G, Moro S. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of a new series of 5,7-disubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine derivatives as adenosine receptor antagonists: A preliminary inspection of ligand-receptor recognition process. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2524-36. [PMID: 20304654 PMCID: PMC3106415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new series of triazolotriazines variously substituted at the C5 and N7 (5-25) positions was synthesized and fully characterized at the four adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes. In particular, arylacetyl or arylcarbamoyl moieties were introduced at the N7 position, which enhanced affinity at the hA(2B) and hA(3) ARs, respectively, when utilized on the pyrazolo-triazolopyrimidine nucleus as we reported in the past. In general, compounds with a free amino group at the 7 position (5, 6), showed good affinity at the rat (r) A(2A) AR (range 18.3-96.5nM), while the introduction of a phenylcarbamoyl moiety at the N7 position (12, 19, 24) slightly increased the affinity at the hA(3) AR (range 311-633nM) with respect to the unsubstituted derivatives. The binding profiles of the synthesized analogues seemed to correlate with the substitutions at the C5 and N7 positions. At the hA(2B) AR, derivative 5, which contained a free amino group at the 7 position, was the most potent (EC(50) 3.42microM) and could represent a starting point for searching new non-xanthine hA(2B) AR antagonists. Molecular models of the rA(2A) and hA(3) ARs were constructed by homology to the recently reported crystallographic structure of the hA(2A) AR. A preliminary receptor-driven structure-activity relationship (SAR) based on the analysis of antagonist docking has been provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Block S4, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Corradino
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Cateni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Cacciari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Michielan L, Federico S, Terfloth L, Hristozov D, Cacciari B, Klotz KN, Spalluto G, Gasteiger J, Moro S. Exploring Potency and Selectivity Receptor Antagonist Profiles Using a Multilabel Classification Approach: The Human Adenosine Receptors as a Key Study. J Chem Inf Model 2009; 49:2820-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ci900311j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Michielan
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche,
Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy,
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi
di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara,
Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institut für
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg,
Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Molecular
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche,
Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy,
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi
di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara,
Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institut für
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg,
Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Molecular
| | - Lothar Terfloth
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche,
Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy,
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi
di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara,
Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institut für
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg,
Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Molecular
| | - Dimitar Hristozov
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche,
Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy,
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi
di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara,
Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institut für
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg,
Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Molecular
| | - Barbara Cacciari
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche,
Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy,
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi
di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara,
Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institut für
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg,
Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Molecular
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche,
Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy,
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi
di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara,
Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institut für
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg,
Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Molecular
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche,
Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy,
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi
di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara,
Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institut für
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg,
Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Molecular
| | - Johann Gasteiger
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche,
Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy,
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi
di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara,
Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institut für
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg,
Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Molecular
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche,
Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy,
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi
di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara,
Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institut für
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg,
Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany, and Molecular
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen Q, Liu ZM, Chen CN, Jiang LL, Yang GF. Synthesis and Fungicidal Activities of New 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Chem Biodivers 2009; 6:1254-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
43
|
Combining selectivity and affinity predictions using an integrated Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach: An alternative tool to discriminate between the human adenosine A(2A) and A(3) receptor pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine antagonists binding sites. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5259-74. [PMID: 19501513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
G Protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) selectivity is an important aspect of drug discovery process, and distinguishing between related receptor subtypes is often the key to therapeutic success. Nowadays, very few valuable computational tools are available for the prediction of receptor subtypes selectivity. In the present study, we present an alternative application of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) methodologies to simultaneously describe both A(2A)R versus A(3)R subtypes selectivity profile and the corresponding receptor binding affinities. We have implemented an integrated application of SVM-SVR approach, based on the use of our recently reported autocorrelated molecular descriptors encoding for the Molecular Electrostatic Potential (autoMEP), to simultaneously discriminate A(2A)R versus A(3)R antagonists and to predict their binding affinity to the corresponding receptor subtype of a large dataset of known pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine analogs. To validate our approach, we have synthetized 51 new pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine derivatives anticipating both A(2A)R/A(3)R subtypes selectivity and receptor binding affinity profiles.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The development of potent and selective agonists and antagonists of adenosine receptors (ARs) has been a target of medicinal chemistry research for several decades, and recently the US Food and Drug Administration has approved Lexiscan, an adenosine derivative substituted at the 2 position, for use as a pharmacologic stress agent in radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging. Currently, some other adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)AR) agonists and antagonists are undergoing preclinical testing and clinical trials. While agonists are potent antiinflammatory agents also showing hypotensive effects, antagonists are being developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.However, since there are still major problems in this field, including side effects, low brain penetration (for the targeting of CNS diseases), short half-life, or lack of in vivo effects, the design and development of new AR ligands is a hot research topic.This review presents an update on the medicinal chemistry of A(2A)AR agonists and antagonists, and stresses the strong need for more selective ligands at the human A(2A)AR subtype, in particular in the case of agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cristalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li HB, Zhu YQ, Song XW, Hu FZ, Liu B, Li YH, Niu ZX, Liu P, Wang ZH, Song HB, Zou XM, Yang HZ. Novel protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors: 3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazin-4-one derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9535-9542. [PMID: 18808144 DOI: 10.1021/jf801774k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3 H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazin-4-one derivatives were synthesized as candidate herbicides by diazotization of different 5(3)-amino- N-phenyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives prepared by the reaction of substituted 5(3)-amino-pyrazole-4-carbonyl chloride with a substituted aniline. Their structures were identified by (1)H NMR and elemental analyses. The isomers D and E were isolated, and their structures were identified by two-dimensional NMR analyses (heteronuclear single quantum coherence and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The bioassay results showed that some of the title compounds exhibited both excellent herbicidal activity at a dose of 93.75 g/ha and strong inhibition against protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in vitro. The structure-activity relationship showed that D16 possessed the highest activities both in vivo and in vitro when the N-substituted group of the pyrazole ring was allyl and the N-substituted group of benzooxazinone was propargyl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cristalli G, Cacciari B, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Moro S, Spalluto G, Volpini R. Highlights on the development of A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:260-81. [PMID: 17177231 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in the past few decades demonstrating that adenosine modulates a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes through the interaction with four subtypes of a family of cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors, clinical evaluation of some adenosine receptor ligands has been discontinued. Major problems include side effects due to the wide distribution of adenosine receptors, low brain penetration (which is important for the targeting of CNS diseases), short half-life of compounds, or a lack of effects, in some cases perhaps due to receptor desensitization or to low receptor density in the targeted tissue. Currently, three A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists have begun phase III studies. Two of them are therapeutically evaluated as pharmacologic stress agents and the third proved to be effective in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI), while avoiding the adverse effects of steroid agents. On the other hand, the great interest in the field of A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists is related to their application in neurodegenerative disorders, in particular, Parkinson's disease, and some of them are currently in various stages of evaluation. This review presents an update of medicinal chemistry and molecular recognition of A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists, and stresses the strong need for more selective ligands at the A(2A) human subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cristalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen Q, Zhu XL, Jiang LL, Liu ZM, Yang GF. Synthesis, antifungal activity and CoMFA analysis of novel 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:595-603. [PMID: 17618711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Revised: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to search novel agrochemicals with higher antifungal activity, a series of new 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties were designed and synthesized. Their antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani were evaluated in vitro. By determining the EC(50) values of all the newly synthesized compounds and 10 formerly synthesized compounds, compound 8r, 2-((5-(sec-butylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-methylthio)-5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, was found to display the highest antifungal activity (EC(50)=6.57 microg mL(-1)). Based on the quantitative structure-activity relationships analyses, 2-(1-(5-(sec-butylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethylthio)-5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (9j) was designed and synthesized, which was found to display much higher activity (EC(50)=3.34 microg mL(-1)) than compound 8r and the control. To further explore the comprehensive structure-activity relationships, a 3D-QSAR analysis using the method of comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was performed and a statistically reliable model with good predictive power (r(2)=0.929, q(2)=0.588) was achieved on the basis of the common substructure-based alignment. According to the CoMFA model, the structure-antifungal activity relationship was explained reasonably.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Baraldi PG, Tabrizi MA, Gessi S, Borea PA. Adenosine Receptor Antagonists: Translating Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology into Clinical Utility. Chem Rev 2008; 108:238-63. [DOI: 10.1021/cr0682195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Unit and Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Unit and Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Unit and Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Unit and Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation, University of Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
González MP, Terán C, Teijeira M. Search for new antagonist ligands for adenosine receptors from QSAR point of view. How close are we? Med Res Rev 2008; 28:329-71. [PMID: 17668454 DOI: 10.1002/med.20108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In view of the large libraries of nucleoside analogues that are now being handled in organic synthesis, the identification of drug biological activity is advisable prior to synthesis and this can be achieved by employing predictive biological property methods. In this sense, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) or docking approaches have emerged as promising tools. Although a large number of in silico approaches have been described in the literature for the prediction of different biological activities, the use of QSAR applications to develop adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists is not common as for the case of the antibiotics and anticancer compounds for instance. The intention of this review is to summarize the present knowledge concerning computational predictions of new molecules as adenosine receptor antagonists.
Collapse
|
50
|
Pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidines as adenosine receptor antagonists: Effect of the N-5 bond type on the affinity and selectivity at the four adenosine receptor subtypes. Purinergic Signal 2007; 4:39-46. [PMID: 18368532 PMCID: PMC2245997 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-007-9058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, many efforts have been made to search for potent and selective human A3 adenosine antagonists. In particular, one of the most promising human A3 adenosine receptor antagonists is represented by the pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine family. This class of compounds has been strongly investigated from the point of view of structure-activity relationships. In particular, it has been observed that fundamental requisites for having both potency and selectivity at the human A3 adenosine receptors are the presence of a small substituent at the N8 position and an unsubstitued phenyl carbamoyl moiety at the N5 position. In this study, we report the role of the N5-bond type on the affinity and selectivity at the four adenosine receptor subtypes. The observed structure-activity relationships of this class of antagonists are also exhaustively rationalized using the recently published ligand-based homology modeling approach.
Collapse
|