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Reeve JR, Thomas RK, Penfold J. Surface Activity of Ethoxylate Surfactants with Different Hydrophobic Architectures: The Effect of Layer Substructure on Surface Tension and Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9269-9280. [PMID: 34308653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of nonionic ethoxylate surfactants containing different combinations of alkyl, phenyl, and adamantyl units in nine different arrangements, each combined with penta- and hexa-ethylene glycol groups, were synthesized and purified. The surface properties of all of the surfactants were investigated at the air-water (A-W) interface using surface tension (ST) to determine the limiting surface excess (Γlim), the limiting surface tension (σlim), and the critical micelle concentration (CMC). A smaller selection was investigated at the hydrophilic silica-water interface by neutron reflectometry to obtain the thickness of the adsorbed layer and the total adsorption at the CMC. An unusual and largely unrecognized feature of the ethoxylate group is that it is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic. It was found possible to account for the variation of σlim and Γlim of all of the adsorbed layers in terms of a balance of the estimated STs of the sublayers forming the overall adsorbed layer, including that of the underlying ethoxylate layer. The values of σlim were found to be highest for phenyl- and adamantyl-capped surfactants and lowest mainly when there was more than one methyl group at the surface. However, in terms of the concentration required to reach a given low ST, increasing the number of attached methyl groups was found to be less effective than using a smaller number of better-placed methyl groups. At the solid-liquid interface, adsorption at or above the CMC was in all cases in the form of a fragmented bilayer whose coverage varied approximately linearly with the packing parameter. However, results on the phenyl-capped surfactants showed that the high ST exhibited by these surfactants at the A-W interface becomes a high cohesion energy in the interior of the bilayer and they exhibited significantly higher adsorption than expected from simple packing arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Reeve
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Robert K Thomas
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Jeffrey Penfold
- Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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Fer MJ, Bouhss A, Patrão M, Le Corre L, Pietrancosta N, Amoroso A, Joris B, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Calvet-Vitale S, Gravier-Pelletier C. 5'-Methylene-triazole-substituted-aminoribosyl uridines as MraY inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7193-222. [PMID: 26008868 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00707k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of 5'-methylene-[1,4]-triazole-substituted aminoribosyl uridines is described. Two families of compounds were synthesized from a unique epoxide which was regioselectively opened by acetylide ions (for compounds II) or azide ions (for compounds III). Sequential diastereoselective glycosylation with a ribosyl fluoride derivative, Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with various complementary azide and alkyne partners afforded the targeted compounds after final deprotection. The biological activity of the 16 resulting compounds together with that of 14 previously reported compounds I, lacking the 5' methylene group, was evaluated on the MraY transferase activity. Out of the 30 tested compounds, 18 compounds revealed MraY inhibition with IC50 ranging from 15 to 150 μM. A molecular modeling study was performed to rationalize the observed structure-activity relationships (SAR), which allowed us to correlate the activity of the most potent compounds with an interaction involving Leu191 of MraYAA. The antibacterial activity was also evaluated and seven compounds exhibited a good activity against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens with MIC ranging from 8 to 32 μg mL(-1), including the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël J Fer
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CICB-Paris (Centre Interdisciplinaire Chimie Biologie-Paris), 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris 06, France.
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Liu D, Wang D, Wang M, Zheng Y, Koynov K, Auernhammer GK, Butt HJ, Ikeda T. Supramolecular Organogel Based on Crown Ether and Secondary Ammoniumion Functionalized Glycidyl Triazole Polymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Miao Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Yijun Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | | | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Taichi Ikeda
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz,
Germany
- Polymer Materials
Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, 305-0044 Tsukuba, Japan
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Le Goff A, Gorgy K, Holzinger M, Haddad R, Zimmerman M, Cosnier S. Tris(bispyrene-bipyridine)iron(II): A Supramolecular Bridge for the Biofunctionalization of Carbon Nanotubes via π-Stacking and Pyrene/β-Cyclodextrin Host-Guest Interactions. Chemistry 2011; 17:10216-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Francavilla C, Low E, Nair S, Kim B, Shiau TP, Debabov D, Celeri C, Alvarez N, Houchin A, Xu P, Najafi R, Jain R. Quaternary ammonium N,N-dichloroamines as topical, antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2731-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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First syntheses of model long-chain trichloro[ω-(trimethylsilyl)alkynyl]silanes suitable for self-assembled monolayers on silicon surfaces. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Bajracharya GB, Pahadi NK, Gridnev ID, Yamamoto Y. PtBr2-Catalyzed Transformation of Allyl(o-ethynylaryl)carbinol Derivatives into Functionalized Indenes. Formal sp3 C−H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2006; 71:6204-10. [PMID: 16872206 DOI: 10.1021/jo060951g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The PtBr2-catalyzed reaction of 1-ethynyl-2-(1-alkoxybut-3-enyl)benzenes at 120 degrees C in CH3CN gave functionalized indenes in good to allowable yields. Most probably, the hydrogen at the terminal alkyne is transferred to the adjacent internal beta-carbon to form an (eta2-vinylidene)platinum carbene intermediate, which activates the sp3 C-H bond at the benzylic carbon. This reaction pathway is supported by DFT calculations which suggest that the formation of the Pt-vinylidene complex is the rate-limiting stage for the whole transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan B Bajracharya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Morara AD, McCarley RL. Encapsulation of Neutral Guests by Tri(ethylene oxide)-pyrrole-Terminated Dendrimer Hosts in Water. Org Lett 2006; 8:1999-2002. [PMID: 16671766 DOI: 10.1021/ol060288i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] This work focuses on the synthesis and guest hosting capabilities of novel, water-soluble tri(ethylene oxide)-pyrrole-functionalized poly(propylene imine), PPI, dendrimers (DAB-TEOPy(n)). The high-generation DAB-TEOPy(n) (n = 32 and 64) possesses the ability to encapsulate hydrophobic guest molecules, such as Nile Red, in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Morara
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA
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Bajracharya GB, Nakamura I, Yamamoto Y. PtBr2-Catalyzed Consecutive Enyne Metathesis−Aromatization of 1-(1-Methoxy-but-3-enyl)-2-(1-alkynyl)benzenes: Dual Role of the Pt Catalyst. J Org Chem 2005; 70:892-7. [PMID: 15675846 DOI: 10.1021/jo048273q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1,7-Enynes 1, connected through an aromatic ring and bearing a leaving methoxy group at the 4-position, underwent the PtBr(2)-catalyzed enyne metathesis followed by aromatization in one pot to afford vinyl naphthalenes 3 in good to acceptable yields. The cyclobutene intermediate 11a and another intermediate 2a were isolated, indicating that PtBr(2) acts as a dual role catalyst: (1) as a transition metal catalyst, it induces the enyne metathesis to produce 11a starting from 1a, and (2) as a Lewis acid catalyst, it facilitates elimination of MeOH from 2a to give the aromatized product 3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan B Bajracharya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Young RN. Discovery of montelukast: a once-a-day oral antagonist of leukotriene D4 for the treatment of chronic asthma. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 38:249-77. [PMID: 11774796 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R N Young
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, P.O. Box 1005, Pointe Claire-Dorval, Québec, Canada H9R 4P8
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12
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Suh MC, Jiang B, Tilley T. An Efficient, Modular Synthetic Route to Oligomers Based on Zirconocene Coupling: Properties for Phenylene–Thiophene-1-Oxide and Phenylene–Thiophene-1,1-Dioxide Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20000818)112:16<2992::aid-ange2992>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Suh MC, Jiang B, Tilley TD. An Efficient, Modular Synthetic Route to Oligomers Based on Zirconocene Coupling: Properties for Phenylene-Thiophene-1-Oxide and Phenylene-Thiophene-1,1-Dioxide Chains This research was supported by the National Science Foundation. M.C.S. thanks the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:2870-2873. [PMID: 11027993 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20000818)39:16<2870::aid-anie2870>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MC Suh
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1460 (USA)
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Harada T, Iwazaki K, Otani T, Oku A. Generation of Cycloalkylidene Carbenes via Exo-Type Cyclization of Alkynyllithiums Bearing Remote Leaving Group. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981411p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku 606, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Iwazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku 606, Japan
| | - Takeshi Otani
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku 606, Japan
| | - Akira Oku
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku 606, Japan
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Zwaagstra ME, Timmerman H, van de Stolpe AC, de Kanter FJ, Tamura M, Wada Y, Zhang MQ. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of carboxyflavones as structurally rigid CysLT1 (LTD4) receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1428-38. [PMID: 9554876 DOI: 10.1021/jm970179x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and CysLT1 receptor affinities of a new series of highly rigid 3'- and 4'-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)- or 3'- and 4'-[2-(2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]-substituted, 6-, 7-, or 8-carboxylated flavones are described. CysLT1 receptor affinities of the flavones (down to 11 nM) were determined by their ability to displace [3H]LTD4 from its receptor in guinea pig lung membranes. Structure-affinity relationship studies showed that the relative positions of the carboxylic acid and the quinoline moiety were critical for CysLT1 affinities. While the carboxyl is optimal in the 8 position but tolerated in the 6 position, only the 6- and not the 8-tetrazole has significant activity. The quinoline moiety may be connected to the flavone skeleton by an ethenyl or a methoxy linker, but the substitution position is important for high affinity, especially in the 6-carboxylated flavones. 4'-Substituted 6-carboxyflavones are essentially inactive, whereas the 3'-substituted analogues have submicromolar CysLT1 affinity. Replacement of the quinoline by other heteroaromates generally leads to decreased affinities, with the phenyl and naphthyl analogues displaying only little or no affinity, while the 7-chloroquinoline analogue is comparable in activity to the quinoline. Flavones having CysLT1 receptor affinities of 10-30 nM were selected for determination of their inhibitory effects on the LTD4-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum in vitro. The IC50 values ranged between 15 and 100 nM. Compound 5d (8-carboxy-6-chloro-3'-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)flavone, VUF 5087) was selected for further research because of its high potency in the functional assay. This series contains the most rigid CysLT1 receptor antagonists known to date, and they are useful in the development of a CysLT1 antagonist model, which is discussed in the companion paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Zwaagstra
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelann 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Zwaagstra ME, Timmerman H, Tamura M, Tohma T, Wada Y, Onogi K, Zhang MQ. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of carboxylated chalcones: a novel series of CysLT1 (LTD4) receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 1997; 40:1075-89. [PMID: 9089329 DOI: 10.1021/jm960628d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and CysLT1 antagonistic activities of a new series of 2-, 3-, and 4-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)- and 3- and 4-[2-(2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]-substituted, 2'-, 3'-, 4'-, or 5'-carboxylated chalcones are described. Structure-activity relationship studies indicate a preference for the presence of a negatively charged (acidic) moiety, although in some cases nitrile or ester analogues also exhibit moderate activity. The quinoline moiety may be substituted at either the 3- or the 4-position. Replacement of this heterocycle by other aromatic groups results in compounds with comparable affinities [2-(7-chloroquinoline), 1-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazole), or 1-(2-benzothiazole)] or substantially lower activities [1-(1-ethoxyethyl)-2-benzimidazole, 2-naphthyl, or phenyl]. The quinoline and chalcone moieties may be connected by either an ethenyl or a methoxy spacer. The acidic moiety at the chalcone B ring may be attached to the 2'-, 3'-, 4'-, or 5'-position, for both the 3- and 4-substituted chalcones. There are no general patterns to specify which substitution positions gave the most potent compounds. The series contains several potent CysLT1 receptor antagonists, with K(D) values approaching the nanomolar range, as measured by the displacement of [3H]LTD4 from guinea pig lung membranes. Antagonism of LTD4-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum, the inhibition of antigen-induced contraction of guinea pig trachea in vitro, and the inhibition of LTD4-induced increase of vascular permeability in vivo are determined for chalcones with high CysLT1 receptor affinities (K(D) values below 0.1 microM). 2'-Hydroxy-4-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)-5'-(5-tetrazolyl)chalcone (14, VUF 4819) showed good activity in both in vitro and in vivo assays and has been selected for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Zwaagstra
- Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands
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Kiesel M, Haug E, Kantlehner W. Orthoamide. L. Beiträge zur Chemie von Propiolaldehydaminalen - Synthesen und Umsetzungen zu Push-Pull-substituierten Buta-1,3-dienen, Cyclobutanen sowie vinylogen Amidiniumsalzen und 1,2,3-Triazolen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/prac.19973390130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ager DJ, Prakash I, Schaad DR. 1,2-Amino Alcohols and Their Heterocyclic Derivatives as Chiral Auxiliaries in Asymmetric Synthesis. Chem Rev 1996; 96:835-876. [PMID: 11848773 DOI: 10.1021/cr9500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1267] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Ager
- NSC Technologies, and NutraSweet Kelco Units of Monsanto, 601 East Kensington Road, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056
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Jackson WT, Fleisch JH. Development of novel anti-inflammatory agents: a pharmacologic perspective on leukotrienes and their receptors. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1996; 46:115-68. [PMID: 8754204 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8996-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W T Jackson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Cai C, Vasella A. Oligosaccharide Analogues of Polysaccharides. Part 3. A new protecting group for alkynes: Orthogonally protected dialkynes. Helv Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19950780319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Terada H, Goto S, Hori H, Taira Z. Structural requirements of leukotriene antagonists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-7208(06)80056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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Ho W, Hageman WE, Stanley KG, Gallant WR, Cherry DA, Mohrbacher RJ, Maryanoff BE, Reitz AB, Duhl-Emswiler BA. Synthesis and biological properties of hydroxythioether fatty acids related to leukotrienes: Antagonists and agonists of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). Eur J Med Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(93)90073-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Morimoto H, Yamashita M, Matsuda A, Miyake H, Fujii T. Effects of FR 113680 and FK 224, novel tachykinin receptor antagonists, on cigarette smoke-induced rat tracheal plasma extravasation. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 224:1-5. [PMID: 1280594 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)94810-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of novel tachykinin antagonists, FR 113680 (N alpha-[N alpha-(N alpha-acetyl-L-threonyl)-N1-formyl-D-tryptophyl]-N- methyl-N-phenylmethyl-L-phenylalaninamide) and FK 224 (N-[N2-[N-[N-[N-[2,3-didehydro-N-methyl-N-[N[3-(2-phenthylpheny l) - propionyl]-L-threonyl]-tyrosyl]-L-leucynyl]-D-phenylalanyl]-L-allo - threonyl]-L-asparaginyl]-L-serine nu-lactone) on rat tracheal plasma extravasation induced by cigarette smoke. Intravenous injection of FK 224 (0.032-3.2 mg kg-1) inhibited rat tracheal plasma extravasation induced by cigarette smoke and capsaicin. FR 113680 (32 mg kg-1 i.v.) also significantly inhibited cigarette smoke-induced plasma extravasation, whereas D-chlorpheniramine maleate, FPL 55712, atropine sulfate and indomethacin had no effect. Tracheal plasma extravasation induced by substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), but not histamine, was also reduced by intravenous administration of FR 113680 and FK 224. These findings suggest that cigarette smoke stimulates primary afferent sensory nerves, releases tachykinins and evokes plasma extravasation in rat trachea.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Morimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Owens RA, Gesellchen PD, Houchins BJ, DiMarchi RD. The rapid identification of HIV protease inhibitors through the synthesis and screening of defined peptide mixtures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 181:402-8. [PMID: 1958209 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Small peptides with activity as enzyme inhibitors, hormone antagonists, or other peptide mimetics, can be identified by synthesizing and screening large numbers of peptides as defined mixtures. Several coupling reactions, each with a different amino acid, can be conducted simultaneously and then combined to generate a near equimolar mixture before coupling additional residues. The peptide mixtures are recovered free from the matrix and in quantities sufficient for screening in many assays. We describe the rapid identification of a potent peptide inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus protease from twenty-two mixtures containing more than 240,000 tetrapeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Owens
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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Tomioka K, Yamada T, Teramura K, Terai M, Hidaka K, Mase T, Hara H, Murase K. Isolated tissue and binding studies of YM-17690, a novel and non-analogous leukotriene agonist. J Pharm Pharmacol 1987; 39:819-24. [PMID: 2891819 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1987.tb05124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
YM-17690, 3-[4-carboxymethoxy-3-[p-(4-phenylbutoxy) benzamido]phenyl]propionic acid, produced a dose-dependent contraction of guinea-pig ileum and its EC50 value was 1.6 X 10(-8) M. The response was not affected by pretreatment with atropine, mepyramine, indomethacin, dazoxiben and AA-861 (a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor), but was inhibited by FPL-55712 (an LTD4 and LTE4 antagonist). YM-17690 induced dose-dependent contractions of guinea-pig lung parenchyma and trachea with EC50 values of 3.9 X 10(-9) and 2.2 X 10(-8) M, respectively. Pretreatment of these tissues with FPL-55712 resulted in a parallel shift of the YM-17690 dose-response curves to the right. The pA2 values for FPL-55712 in lung parenchyma and trachea were 7.41 and 8.21, respectively, and the slopes of the regression lines of Schild plots were 1.00 and 1.02, respectively. YM-17690 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]LTD4 binding to guinea-pig lung membranes and its pKi value was 9.28. However, the compound showed only 25% inhibition of [3H]TLC4 binding to guinea-pig hippocampus membranes, even at 10(-5) M. These results suggest that YM-17690 is a selective leukotriene (LTD4 and LTE4) agonist and that it will therefore be a valuable tool in the study of actions of leukotrienes and for the characterization of their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tomioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Chapter 8 Pulmonary and Antiallergy Agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)61156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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