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Zhao Y, Wang J, Hou T, Yu Y, Zhou H, Han Y, Cheng J, Liu Y, Wang C, Chen L, Liang X. Design and synthesis of 2-(2,2-diarylethyl)-cyclamine derivatives as M3 receptor antagonists and functional evaluation on COPD. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106308. [PMID: 36516520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Muscarine acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate a variety of central and peripheral physiological functions and emerge as important therapeutic targets for a number of diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inspired by two active natural products, we designed and synthesized a series of 2-(2,2-diarylethyl)-cyclamine derivatives for screening M3 mAChR antagonists. On this skeleton, the structural units including N heterocycle, aryl groups and its substituents on aryl were examined and resulted in a clear structure-activity relationships on the M3 mAChR. In general, these 2-(2,2-diarylethyl)-cyclamine derivatives exhibited good to excellent M3 antagonistic potency and receptor selectivity. The most active 5b-C1 had an IC50 value of 3 nM and the most of compound 6 displayed inactivity against histamine H1 receptor closely related to M3. In in vitro and in vivo evaluations of tracheo-relaxation function, some compounds even showed comparable activity to tiotropium bromide, a known blockbuster drug for COPD. Such excellent properties made these novel compounds potential candidates for COPD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaopeng Zhao
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116034, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116034, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116034, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yancheng Yu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116034, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yang Han
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Junxiang Cheng
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116034, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116034, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Long Chen
- Nanjing University Of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116034, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China.
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Fischer D, Dusek N, Hotzel K, Heinze T. The Role of Formamidine Groups in Dextran Based Nonviral Vectors for Gene Delivery on Their Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000220. [PMID: 33025658 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dextran-formamidine esters (dextran-N-[(dimethylamino)methylene]-β-alanine ester) with different degrees of substitution (0.45-0.92) are synthesized in an one-pot reaction. Dextran (Mw 60 000 g mol-1 ) is allowed to react with unprotected beta-alanine and iminium chloride and investigated regarding the potential as gene delivery system for the transfer of plasmid DNA. With degrees of substitution ≥ 0.63 improved DNA binding with formation of enzymatically stable complexes of about 130-160 nm with negative surface charges are obtained. These physicochemical characteristics correlated with increasing transfection rates in CHO-K1 cells determined by a luciferase reporter gene assay in dependency of the number of formamidine residues, N/P ratios and amount of DNA. The role of the number of formamidine groups is also highlighted by in vitro cyto- and hemotoxicity tests under the chosen conditions. These results indicate that dextran-formamidine esters are a very promising material for the safe and efficient gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Fischer
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Niels Dusek
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Konrad Hotzel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743, Jena, Germany.,Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
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Malerba M, Radaeli A, Santini G, Morjaria J, Mores N, Mondino C, Macis G, Montuschi P. The discovery and development of aclidinium bromide for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:563-577. [PMID: 29616842 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1455661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchodilators, including long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs), are a mainstay of the pharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). LAMAs act as bronchodilators principally by antagonizing airway smooth muscle cells M3 muscarinic receptors. Aclidinium bromide is a twice-daily LAMA which was developed to improve on the efficacy and/or safety of previous LAMAs. Area covered: Herein, the authors present the pharmacotherapeutic role of aclidinium in COPD and point out unmet need in this research area. The following aspects are covered: a) the discovery and medicinal chemistry of aclidinium bromide; b) an overview of the market; c) its mechanism of action; d) its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile derived from pre-clinical studies; e) the clinical studies which led to its licensing; f) the evidence from meta-analyses; g) the aclidinium/formoterol fixed dose combination for COPD and h) priorities in this area of research. Expert opinion: Aclidinium bromide has the pharmacological properties, safety and efficacy profile and inhaler characteristics which makes it a valuable therapeutic option for pharmacological management of patients with COPD. Due to its rapid biotransformation into inactive metabolites, aclidinium is potentially one of the safest LAMAs. Further head-to-head randomized clinical trials are required to define efficacy and safety of aclidinium when compared to once-daily LAMAs. The clinical relevance of airway anti-remodeling effects of aclidinium has to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Malerba
- a Department of Translational Medicine-Respiratory Medicine , University of "Piemonte Orientale" , Vercelli , Italy
| | - Alessandro Radaeli
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santini
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.,d Pharmacology Unit , Agostino Gemelli University Hospital Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Jaymin Morjaria
- e Department of Respiratory Medicine , RBHT Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital , Harefield , UK
| | - Nadia Mores
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.,d Pharmacology Unit , Agostino Gemelli University Hospital Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Mondino
- f Department of Allergology , "Bellinzona e Valli" Hospital , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Macis
- g Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.,h Radiology Unit , Agostino Gemelli University Hospital Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy.,d Pharmacology Unit , Agostino Gemelli University Hospital Foundation , Rome , Italy
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4
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Discovery of novel quaternary ammonium derivatives of (3 R )-quinuclidinyl amides as potent and long acting muscarinic antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1736-1741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sagar A, Babu VN, Sharada DS. Silica gel promoted environment-friendly synthesis of α-amino amidines and regioselective transformation of α-amino amidines into amidino substituted indazoles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environment-friendly three-component Ugi-type strategy (U-3CR) for the synthesis of α-amino amidines promoted by silica gel and further transformation into amidino substituted indazoles in regioselective manner under iron catalysis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sagar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad
- India
| | | | - Duddu. S. Sharada
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad
- India
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Ortiz S, Flach S, Ho J, Li F, Caracta CF, Gil EG, Jansat JM. Mass balance and metabolism of aclidinium bromide following intravenous administration of [¹⁴C]-aclidinium bromide in healthy subjects. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2012; 33:39-45. [PMID: 22275272 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aclidinium bromide is a novel, inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonist with low systemic activity developed for the treatment of COPD. It is an ester compound rapidly hydrolysed in plasma into inactive alcohol and acid metabolites. In this Phase I, open-label study, the rates and routes of elimination of radioactivity following intravenous administration of [¹⁴C]-aclidinium bromide were determined. The metabolites of aclidinium were also characterized and identified in plasma and excreta. Twelve healthy males were randomized (1:1) to receive a single intravenous 400 µg dose of [phenyl-U-¹⁴C]- or [glycolyl-U-¹⁴C]-aclidinium bromide (via 5 min infusion) to label alcohol or acid metabolites of aclidinium, respectively. Safety and tolerability were assessed over a 9-day period. Following intravenous administration, the parent compound was rapidly hydrolysed into its acid and alcohol metabolites. Primary excretion routes for [phenyl-U-¹⁴C]- and [glycolyl-U-¹⁴C]-aclidinium were renal (urine: 65% and 54%, respectively; feces: 33% and 20%, respectively), with 1% excreted as unchanged aclidinium. A total of three treatment-emergent adverse events in two subjects were reported and were related to infusion site pain. Overall, aclidinium is rapidly hydrolysed into two main metabolites, which are predominantly excreted in urine. Aclidinium bromide 400 µg administered intravenously was safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ortiz
- Forest Research Institute, Inc., Jersey City, New Jersey, USA.
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Kalisiak J, Ralph EC, Zhang J, Cashman JR. Amidine-oximes: reactivators for organophosphate exposure. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3319-30. [PMID: 21438612 DOI: 10.1021/jm200054r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new class of amidine-oxime reactivators of organophosphate (OP)-inhibited cholinesterases (ChE) were designed, synthesized, and tested. These compounds represent a novel group of oximes with enhanced capabilities of crossing the blood-brain barrier. Lack of brain penetration is a major limitation for currently used oximes as antidotes of OP poisoning. The concept described herein relies on a combination of an amidine residue and oxime functionality whereby the amidine increases the binding affinity to the ChE and the oxime is responsible for reactivation. Amidine-oximes were tested in vitro and reactivation rates for OP-BuChE were greater than pralidoxime (2-PAM) or monoisonitrosoacetone (MINA). Amidine-oxime reactivation rates for OP-AChE were lower compared to 2-PAM but greater compared with MINA. After pretreatment for 30 min with oximes 15c and 15d (145 μmol/kg, ip) mice were challenged with a soman model compound. In addition, 15d was tested in a post-treatment experiment (145 μmol/kg, ip, administration 5 min after sarin model compound exposure). In both cases, amidine-oximes afforded 100% 24 h survival in an animal model of OP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Kalisiak
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute, 5310 Eastgate Mall, San Diego, California 92121, United States.
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8
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Gavaldà A, Miralpeix M, Ramos I, Otal R, Carreño C, Viñals M, Doménech T, Carcasona C, Reyes B, Vilella D, Gras J, Cortijo J, Morcillo E, Llenas J, Ryder H, Beleta J. Characterization of Aclidinium Bromide, a Novel Inhaled Muscarinic Antagonist, with Long Duration of Action and a Favorable Pharmacological Profile. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 331:740-51. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.151639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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Prat M, Fernández D, Buil MA, Crespo MI, Casals G, Ferrer M, Tort L, Castro J, Monleón JM, Gavaldà A, Miralpeix M, Ramos I, Doménech T, Vilella D, Antón F, Huerta JM, Espinosa S, López M, Sentellas S, González M, Albertí J, Segarra V, Cárdenas A, Beleta J, Ryder H. Discovery of Novel Quaternary Ammonium Derivatives of (3R)-Quinuclidinol Esters as Potent and Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists with Potential for Minimal Systemic Exposure after Inhaled Administration: Identification of (3R)-3-{[Hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetyl]oxy}-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Bromide (Aclidinium Bromide). J Med Chem 2009; 52:5076-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900132z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Prat
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M. Antonia Buil
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María I. Crespo
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaspar Casals
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Tort
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Castro
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M. Monleón
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amadeu Gavaldà
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Israel Ramos
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Doménech
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Vilella
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisca Antón
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Huerta
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Espinosa
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel López
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Sentellas
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisa González
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albertí
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Segarra
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Cárdenas
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Beleta
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hamish Ryder
- Almirall, R&D Centre, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Macchiarulo A, Nuti R, Eren G, Pellicciari R. Charting the chemical space of target sites: insights into the binding modes of amine and amidine groups. J Chem Inf Model 2009; 49:900-12. [PMID: 19292498 DOI: 10.1021/ci800414v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays there is growing awareness that the translation of the increasing number of lead compounds into clinical candidates is still a slow and often inefficient process. In order to facilitate the lead optimization procedure, due consideration must be given to the use of the right bioisosteric replacements. Very recently, we reported that exploring a chemical space of binding sites is a more effective strategy for studying the bioisosteric relationships existing among functional groups. As a continuation of our work in this field, we report herein the construction of a chemical space covered by binding sites of small molecules containing diverse amine and amidine groups. The analysis of the differences in some properties of the binding sites of these functional groups allow for gaining insights into the binding modes of positively charged groups. In addition, this study pinpoints that different types of interactions and bioisosteric relationships exist among primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary amine, and amidine moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Macchiarulo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Universita di Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06127 Perugia, Italy
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Díaz DD, Finn MG, Mishima M. Substituent Effects on the Gas-Phase Basicity of Formamidine Ureas. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Frolovskii VA, Studnev YN, Garibova TL, Voronina TA. Some aspects in the search for anticonvulsants (a review). Pharm Chem J 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-005-0018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Miyachi H, Kiyota H, Segawa M. Design, synthesis and antimuscarinic activity of some imidazolium derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:3003-8. [PMID: 10571164 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazolium salt derivatives was prepared as part of a search for subtype-selective antimuscarinic agents. On the basis of measurements of the antimuscarinic activity and subtype-selectivity for M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors, the structure-activity relationships of these compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Miyachi
- Central Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
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Schmidhammer H. Opioid Receptor Antagonists**This review is dedicated to the memory of the late Drs. Sidney Archer and Hans W. Kosterlitz. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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