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Borišek J, Vizovišek M, Sosnowski P, Turk B, Turk D, Mohar B, Novič M. Development of N-(Functionalized benzoyl)-homocycloleucyl-glycinonitriles as Potent Cathepsin K Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6928-37. [PMID: 26280490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K is a major drug target for osteoporosis and related-bone disorders. Using a combination of virtual combinatorial chemistry, QSAR modeling, and molecular docking studies, a series of cathepsin K inhibitors based on N-(functionalized benzoyl)-homocycloleucyl-glycinonitrile scaffold was developed. In order to avoid previous problems of cathepsin K inhibitors associated with lysosomotropism of compounds with basic character that resulted in off-target effects, a weakly- to nonbasic moiety was incorporated into the P3 position. Compounds 5, 6, and 9 were highly selective for cathepsin K when compared with cathepsins L and S, with the Ki values in the 10-30 nM range. The kinetic studies revealed that the new compounds exhibited reversible tight binding to cathepsin K, while the X-ray structural studies showed covalent and noncovalent binding between the nitrile group and the catalytic cysteine (Cys25) site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Borišek
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Vizovišek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Piotr Sosnowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Mohar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjana Novič
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Analyse Conformationnelle des Dérivés Arylacétiques et Propioniques à Activité Antiinflammatoire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19770860112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Clémence F, Le Martret O, Collard J. New route toN-aryl andN-heteroaryl derivatives of 4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxamides. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570210520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kalgutkar AS, Crews BC, Saleh S, Prudhomme D, Marnett LJ. Indolyl esters and amides related to indomethacin are selective COX-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6810-22. [PMID: 16169736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory have revealed that esterification/amidation of the carboxylic acid moiety in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, generates potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors. In the present study, a series of reverse ester/amide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as selective COX-2 inhibitors. Most of the reverse esters/amides displayed time-dependent COX-2 inhibition with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. Replacement of the 4-chlorobenzoyl group on the indole nitrogen with a 4-bromobenzyl moiety resulted in compounds that retained selective COX-2 inhibitory potency. In addition to inhibiting COX-2 activity in vitro, the reverse esters/amides also inhibited COX-2 activity in the mouse macrophage-like cell line, RAW264.7. Overall, this strategy broadens the scope of our previous methodology of neutralizing the carboxylic acid group in NSAIDs as a means of generating COX-2-selective inhibitors and is potentially applicable to other NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Kalgutkar
- A.B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
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Andreani A, Granaiola M, Leoni A, Locatelli A, Morigi R, Rambaldi M, Roda A, Guardigli M, Traniello S, Spisani S. N-Benzyl-2-chloroindole-3-carboxylic acids as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Synthesis and screening for the effects on human neutrophil functions and on COX1/COX2 activity. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39:785-91. [PMID: 15337291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2004] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 06/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-benzyl-2-chloroindole-3-carboxylic acids related to indomethacin is reported. These compounds were tested on in vitro human neutrophil activation. Some of them, more soluble in water, were tested to define the influence on prostaglandin biosynthesis via inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX1 and COX2) by a chemiluminescent method suitable for fast screening. Several derivatives showed inhibitory effects and in some cases were more active than the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Andreani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Hutchings RH, Meyers AI. An Oxazoline-Mediated Synthesis of the Pyrrolophenanthridine Alkaloids and Some Novel Derivatives. J Org Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jo951474x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard H. Hutchings
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - A. I. Meyers
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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Black DS, Keller PA, Kumar N. Synthesis of pyrrolophenanthridones by aryl-aryl coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory and Antiarthritic Drugs. Med Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-695150-9.50011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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13
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Peterson DA, Gerrard JM. A hypothesis for the interaction of heme and arachidonic acid in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Med Hypotheses 1979; 5:683-93. [PMID: 114738 DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(79)90089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A model is proposed for the interaction of arachidonic acid with the heme associated with the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme which synthesizes prostaglandin endoperoxides. According to this concept, arachidonic acid attaches with its carboxylic acid residue to one ligand of the Fe++ in heme, then curls around the outside of the protoporphyrin to react with a molecule of oxygen associated with the ligand of the Fe++ on the other side of the protoporphyrin with addition of O2 at the C11 carbon, ring closure across C8-12, formation of the C9-11 endoperoxide and then addition of a second oxygen at C15 with an allylic shift of the double bond. This concept may resolve several experimental findings relating to the mechanism of prostaglandin synthesis and can account for much of the stereospecificity in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2.
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SHEN TSUNGYING, WINTER CHARLESA. Chemical and Biological Studies on Indomethacin, Sulindac and their Analogs. ADVANCES IN DRUG RESEARCH 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-013312-3.50007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Thyagarajan BS, Majumdar KC. Synthesis of indole derivatives. Part III. Extension of the amine oxide rearrangement. J Heterocycl Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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