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Stefaowitz J, Schepmann D, Daniliuc C, Saito S, Wünsch B. Synthesis of morphan derivatives with additional substituents in 8-position. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2016-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The morphan system (2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) as a substructure of morphine is of major interest in medicinal chemistry. Herein, the synthesis of morphan derivatives with additional substituents at the propano bridge is reported. In order to avoid the isolation of the smelly and volatile nitrile 6 and the very polar primary amine 9, an efficient one-pot, three-step sequential transformation of the mesylate 5 into amides 10 was developed. The key step of the synthesis was the stereoselective intramolecular opening of the epoxides 11a–d leading to the exo-configured 8-hydroxymorphans 12a–d. The configuration of the exo-configured hydroxymorphan 12d bearing the κ- and σ-pharmacophoric 3,4-dichlorophenylacetyl moiety was inverted by oxidation and stereoselective reduction. An X-ray crystal structure analysis of the benzamide 12c confirmed the relative configuration of the hydroxymorphans 12a–d and 14d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Stefaowitz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Susumu Saito
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany , Tel.: +49-251-8333311, Fax: +49-251-8332144
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Zezula J, Singer L, Przybył AK, Hashimoto A, Dersch CM, Rothman RB, Deschamps J, Lee YS, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Synthesis and pharmacological effects of the enantiomers of the N-phenethyl analogues of the ortho and para e- and f-oxide-bridged phenylmorphans. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2868-83. [PMID: 18688479 DOI: 10.1039/b803433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The N-phenethyl analogues of (1R*,4aR*,9aS*)-2-phenethyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ol and 8-ol and (1R*,4aR*,9aR*)-2-phenethyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2.3-c]pyridin-6-ol and 8-ol, the ortho- (43) and para-hydroxy e- (20), and f-oxide-bridged 5-phenylmorphans (53 and 26) were prepared in racemic and enantiomerically pure forms from a common precursor, the quaternary salt 12. Optical resolutions were accomplished by salt formation with suitable enantiomerically pure chiral acids or by preparative HPLC on a chiral support. The N-phenethyl (-)- para-e enantiomer (1S,4aS,9aR-(-)-20) was found to be a mu-opioid agonist with morphine-like antinociceptive activity in a mouse assay. In contrast, the N-phenethyl (-)-ortho-f enantiomer (1R,4aR,9aR-(-)-53) had good affinity for the mu-opioid receptor (K(i) = 7 nM) and was found to be a mu-antagonist both in the [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S assay and in vivo. The molecular structures of these rigid enantiomers were energy minimized with density functional theory at the level B3LYP/6-31G* level, and then overlaid on a known potent mu-agonist. This superposition study suggests that the agonist activity of the oxide-bridged 5-phenylmorphans can be attributed to formation of a seven membered ring that is hypothesized to facilitate a proton transfer from the protonated nitrogen to a proton acceptor in the mu-opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Zezula
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, MD 20852, USA
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Cheng K, Kim IJ, Lee MJ, Adah SA, Raymond TJ, Bilsky EJ, Aceto MD, May EL, Harris LS, Coop A, Dersch CM, Rothman RB, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Opioid ligands with mixed properties from substituted enantiomeric N-phenethyl-5-phenylmorphans. Synthesis of a micro-agonist delta-antagonist and delta-inverse agonists. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1177-1190. [PMID: 17406716 DOI: 10.1039/b618875c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomeric N-phenethyl-m-hydroxyphenylmorphans with various substituents in the ortho, meta or para positions of the aromatic ring in the phenethylamine side-chain (chloro, hydroxy, methoxy, nitro, methyl), as well as a pyridylethyl and a indolylethyl moiety on the nitrogen atom, were synthesized and their binding affinity to the mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors was examined. The higher affinity ligands were further examined in the [(35)S]GTPgammaS assay to study their function and efficacy. 3-((1R,5S)-(-)-2-(4-Nitrophenethyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-5-yl)phenol ((-)-) was found to be a mu-agonist and delta-antagonist in that functional assay and was about 50 fold more potent than morphine in vivo. 3-((1R,5S)-(-)-2-(4-Chlorophenethyl)-2-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-5-yl)phenol ((-)-) and several other ligands displayed inverse agonist activity at the delta-opioid receptor. The absolute configuration of all of the reported compounds was established by chemical conversion of (-)- to 1R,5S-(-)-.HBr.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Ligands
- Morphinans/chemical synthesis
- Morphinans/chemistry
- Morphinans/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Cheng
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, USA.
| | - In Jong Kim
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, USA.
| | - Mei-Jing Lee
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, USA.
| | - Steven A Adah
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, USA.
| | - Tyler J Raymond
- University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Edward J Bilsky
- University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Mario D Aceto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Everette L May
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Louis S Harris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Andrew Coop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Christina M Dersch
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Richard B Rothman
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Arthur E Jacobson
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, USA.
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, USA.
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Kuz’mina NE, Osipova ES, Kuz’min VS, Sitnikov VB. Effect of the tyramine fragment of opioid receptor ligands on their agonist and antagonist properties. Pharm Chem J 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-006-0104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kodato S, Linders JTM, Gu XH, Yamada K, Flippen-Anderson JL, Deschamps JR, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Synthesis of rac-(1R,4aR,9aR)-2-methyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ol. An unusual double rearrangement leading to the ortho- and para-f oxide-bridged phenylmorphan isomers. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:330-6. [PMID: 14747861 DOI: 10.1039/b312633c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to obtain the para-f isomer, rac-(1R,4aR,9aR)-2-methyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ol, via mesylation of an intermediate 9[small alpha]-hydroxyphenylmorphan, we obtained, instead, a rearranged chloro compound with a 5-membered nitrogen ring, 7-chloro-3a-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-octahydroindole. This indole underwent a second rearrangement to give us the desired para-f isomer. The structures of the intermediate indole and the final product were unequivocally established by X-ray crystallography. A resynthesis of the known rac-(1R,4aR,9aR)-2-methyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-8-ol, the ortho-f isomer, was achieved using the reaction conditions for the para-f isomer, as well as under Mitsunobu reaction conditions where, unusually, the oxide-bridge ring in the 5-phenylmorphan was closed to obtain the desired product. The synthesis of the para-f isomer adds an additional compound to those oxide-bridged phenylmorphans that were initially visualized and synthesized; the establishment of the structure and configuration of 8 of the theoretically possible 12 racemates has now been achieved. The X-ray crystallographic structure analysis of the para-f isomer provides essential data that will be needed to establish the configuration of a ligand necessary to interact with an opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Kodato
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0815, USA.
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Xu H, Hashimoto A, Rice KC, Jacobson AE, Thomas JB, Carroll FI, Lai J, Rothman RB. Opioid peptide receptor studies. 14. Stereochemistry determines agonist efficacy and intrinsic efficacy in the [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S functional binding assay. Synapse 2001; 39:64-9. [PMID: 11071711 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2396(20010101)39:1<64::aid-syn9>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous data obtained with the cloned rat mu opioid receptor demonstrated that stereochemistry affects the four parameters of the ligand-receptor interaction: potency (ED(50)), efficacy (maximal stimulation), intrinsic efficacy (effect as a function of receptor occupation), and binding affinity. This study evaluated the activities of structurally diverse opioid receptor ligands in the [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S binding assay, comparing the relationship between receptor binding, activation, efficacy, and intrinsic efficacy. The data, obtained with cloned rat mu receptors, demonstrated that an analgetic, (-)-5-m-hydroxyphenyl-2-methylmorphan (NIH8508), and its (+)-isomer (NIH8509), behave as partial agonists, but had different intrinsic efficacy in the [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S binding assay. Replacement of the methyl group with the phenethyl group on the piperidine nitrogen of NIH8508 and NIH8509 [(1R,5S)-AH019 and (1S, 5R)-AH019] increased affinity for the mu receptor and eliminated any agonist effect, supporting the hypothesis that certain structural features make these compounds antagonists. These study also show that all of the fully efficacious mu agonists studied here had high levels of intrinsic efficacy, producing a 50% response at about 10% receptor occupancy. Comparison of the binding K(i) in competitively inhibiting [(125)I]IOXY binding to the functional K(i) for opioid antagonists [K(i)(IOXY)/K(i)(GTP-gamma-S)] provides more detailed evidence that the [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S binding assay can be used to reliably determine apparent functional antagonist K(i) values in addition to agonist ED(50), efficacy and intrinsic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- CPS, DIR, NIDA, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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8
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Linders JT, Flippen-Anderson JL, George CF, Rice KC. An expedient synthesis of 9-keto-2-methyl-5-(dimethoxyphenyl)morphans. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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9
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Bowen WD, Bertha CM, Vilner BJ, Rice KC. CB-64D and CB-184: ligands with high sigma 2 receptor affinity and subtype selectivity. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 278:257-60. [PMID: 7589164 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(95)00176-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Four members of a novel class of sigma (sigma) ligands were investigated for sigma subtype selectivity. (-)-1S,5S- and (+)-1R,5R-(E)-8-Benzylidene-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylmorphan-7- one (CB-64L and CB-64D, respectively) exhibited sigma 1 Ki = 10.5 nM and 3063 nM; sigma 2 Ki = 154 nM and 16.5 nM, respectively. The corresponding 3,4-dichloro derivatives, (-)-1S,5S- and (+)-1R,5R-(E)-8-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-++ +methylmorphan-7 - one (CB-182 and CB-184, respectively) were also examined. CB-182 ((-)-isomer) showed sigma 1 and sigma 2 Ki = 27.3 nM and 35.5 nM, respectively, whereas CB-184 ((+)-isomer) exhibited sigma 1 and sigma 2 Ki = 7436 nM and 13.4 nM, respectively. Thus, the two sigma subtypes showed opposite enantioselectivity for these compounds, with (-) > (+) at sigma 1 and (+) > (-) at sigma 2. Importantly, CB-64D and CB-184 showed high sigma 2 affinity and, respectively, 185-fold and 554-fold selectivity for sigma 2 receptors over sigma 1. While high sigma 2 selectivity relative to sigma 1 was achieved with these compounds, they both exhibited high affinity at mu (mu) opioid receptors (Ki = 37.6 nM and 4.5 nM, respectively). Despite this, CB-64D and CB-184 will be useful tools for further characterization of sigma 2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Bowen
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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DiMeglio CM, Froimowitz M, Makriyannis A. Conformational analysis of the opioid phenylmorphan and its 9 alpha-methyl analogue in solution using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pharm Res 1993; 10:1200-5. [PMID: 8415408 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018928604461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The solution conformations of the opioid phenylmorphan (5-m-hydroxyphenyl-2-methylmorphan) and its 9 alpha-methyl analogue were studied using one- and two-dimensional high resolution NMR techniques. The NMR spectra were analyzed by interpreting the phase-sensitive 2-D COSY and double quantum filtered COSY spectra, 1H-1H vicinal coupling constants, and nuclear Overhauser effects in the phase-sensitive 2-D NOESY spectra. The results show that, for both compounds, a chair-chair conformation of the cyclohexane and piperidine rings is exclusively preferred with some distortion of the rings from perfectly staggered chairs. For phenylmorphans, the phenyl ring is oriented to fit into the cleft formed by the cyclohexane and piperidine rings. Thus, for the (+)-enantiomer, the phenyl group assumes the same orientation with regard to the piperidine ring as morphine consistent with the morphine-like properties of the compound. For the 9 alpha-methyl analogue, the plane of the phenyl ring essentially bisects the piperidine ring to which it is attached and is outside of the required range of opioid agonists. This is consistent with the atypical properties of the two enantiomers. The NMR results are compared to the conformations of (-)-phenylmorphan and the (+)-9 alpha-methyl analogue in the crystal state and to the results of molecular mechanics (MM2) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M DiMeglio
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy/Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269
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Froimowitz M, Cody V. Enantiomeric conformers of the opioid agonist ketobemidone HCl in the crystal state. Chirality 1993; 5:560-4. [PMID: 7902122 DOI: 10.1002/chir.530050713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A crystal of the potent opioid agonist ketobemidone [1-methyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propionylipiperidine] HCl was analyzed by X-ray crystallography. The crystal was monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n with four molecules in the unit cell. In agreement with MM2 calculations (J. Med. Chem. 25:1127-1133, 1982), the crystal contains mirror image conformers in which the phenyl ring is equatorial to the piperidine ring. The conformers are enantiomers since they are not superimposable. One conformer is predicted to be responsible for the typical morphine-like activity of the compound since it closely matches the preferred conformer of the morphine-like (+)-phenylmorphan whereas the other conformer resembles the preferred conformers of (+)-beta-prodine and (-)-phenylmorphan which have atypical opioid properties and/or structure-activity relationships. The importance of considering the conformational enantiomers of a nonchiral receptor ligand in centrosymmetric crystal structures is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Froimowitz
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02178-9106
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Froimowitz M, Pangborn W, Cody V. Absolute configuration and conformation of the pure opioid antagonist (+)-2,9 alpha-dimethyl-5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)morphan. Chirality 1992; 4:377-83. [PMID: 1449951 DOI: 10.1002/chir.530040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
(+)-2,9 alpha-Dimethyl-5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)morphan is the only phenylmorphan analog whose affinity for opioid kappa-receptors is greater than its affinity for opioid mu-receptors. Pharmacologically, the compound is a pure opioid antagonist devoid of agonist activity in in vivo assays of antinociception. The absolute configuration of the compound has been determined to be (1R,5S,9R) from an X-ray crystallographic study of the chloride salt. Thus, the absolute configuration corresponds to that of the atypical opioid agonist (-)-phenylmorphan while the weak atypical agonist (-)-2,9 alpha-dimethyl-5-(m- hydroxyphenyl)morphan corresponds to the potent morphine-like (+)-phenylmorphan. The preferred orientations of the phenyl ring for the two stereoisomers were determined using the molecular mechanics program MM2-87 and found to vary from that of the two parent compounds. The atypical properties of the two 9 alpha-methyl analogs is consistent with an opioid ligand model which proposes that morphine-like properties require a particular range of phenyl orientations. There was good agreement between the structure obtained from X-ray crystallography and computed with the MM2-87 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Froimowitz
- Alcohol and Drug Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02178-9106
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Teuber HJ, Tsaklakidis C, Bats JW. Stereoselektive Synthese des substituierten Morphan-Gerüstes ausgehend von 4-Acetamidocyclohexanon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1990199001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Opioid Receptors and their Ligands: Recent Developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-013318-5.50008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
Platinum-oxide hydrogenation of 5-m-methoxyphenyl-2-methyl-9-oxomorphan (I) gave the 9 alpha-hydroxy racemate (II) whose phenolic analogue (III) is a strong antinociceptive agent, fully supportive of morphine dependence in rhesus monkeys. The di-O-acetyl derivative (VI) of III was similar to III in its profile of activity. The diastereoisomer of III (VII), obtained by hydrogenation of the methobromide of I (IV), extrusion of methyl bromide, and O-demethylation of the resultant free base (VIII), was almost inactive antinociceptively and did not suppress withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent monkeys. The orientation of the C-9 hydroxyl groups was deduced from spectral data and by analogy.
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Casy AF. Analgesics and their antagonists: recent developments. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1978; 22:149-227. [PMID: 360283 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7102-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Stella L, Raynier B, Surzur JM. Synthesis of 2-methyl-6,7-benzomorphane via radical cyclisation. Tetrahedron Lett 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)83055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Archer S, Michne WF. Recent progress in research on narcotic antagonists. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1976; 20:45-100. [PMID: 189354 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7094-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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