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Das A, Maji B. Direct C(3)5-H Polyfluoroarylation of 2-Amino/alkoxy Pyridines Enabled by a Transient and Electron-deficient Palladium Intermediate. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301436. [PMID: 37154162 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present an unprecedented azine-limited C5-H polyfluoroarylation of 2-aminopyridines enabled by a transient and electron-deficient perfluoroaryl-Pd species via C-H/C-H coupling. The protocol further allows C3(5)-H polyfluoroarylation of 2-alkoxypyridines guided by sterics and electronics for the first time. The late-stage C-H functionalization of drugs, drug derivatives, and natural product derivatives and synthesis of C5-aryl drug derivatives further demonstrated the method's utility. The preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the synergistic combination of the bulky yet electrophilic perfluoroaryl-Pd species and the partial nucleophilicity of the C5-position of 2-amino/alkoxy-pyridines is the origin of reactivity and selectivity. Importantly, the first experimental evidence for the role of diisopropyl sulfide is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India
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2
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Mustafa Tuğfan Bilkan. Density Functional Theory Study of Solvent Effects on 3-Fluoro-, 3-Chloro-, 3-Bromopyridine. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Kassanova AZ, Krasnokutskaya EA, Filimonov VD. Pyridinyl trifluoromethanesulfonates: preparation methods and use in organic synthesis. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Krasnokutskaya EA, Kassanova AZ, Estaeva MT, Filimonov VD. A new synthesis of pyridinyl trifluoromethanesulfonates via one-pot diazotization of aminopyridines in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kort ME, Atkinson RN, Thomas JB, Drizin I, Johnson MS, Secrest MA, Gregg RJ, Scanio MJ, Shi L, Hakeem AH, Matulenko MA, Chapman ML, Krambis MJ, Liu D, Shieh CC, Zhang X, Simler G, Mikusa JP, Zhong C, Joshi S, Honore P, Roeloffs R, Werness S, Antonio B, Marsh KC, Faltynek CR, Krafte DS, Jarvis MF, Marron BE. Subtype-selective Nav1.8 sodium channel blockers: Identification of potent, orally active nicotinamide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6812-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chen Z, Zhu J, Xie H, Li S, Wu Y, Gong Y. A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Poly-Substituted 3-H, 3-Fluoro, or 3-Trifluoromethyl Pyridines via the Tandem C−F Bond Cleavage Protocol. Org Lett 2010; 12:4376-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101859p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yongming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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7
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Brown BS, Keddy R, Zheng GZ, Schmidt RG, Koenig JR, McDonald HA, Bianchi BR, Honore P, Jarvis MF, Surowy CS, Polakowski JS, Marsh KC, Faltynek CR, Lee CH. Tetrahydropyridine-4-carboxamides as novel, potent transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8516-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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9
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Pinna GA, Loriga G, Murineddu G, Grella G, Mura M, Vargiu L, Murgioni C, La Colla P. Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 activity of new delavirdine analogues carrying arylpyrrole moieties. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:1406-11. [PMID: 11724230 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In our search for novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 agents, 14 delavirdine analogues were synthesized and evaluated as potential anti-HIV-1 agents in cell-based assays. Compound 1Aa exhibited potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity in acutely infected MT4 cells, with effective concentration (EC50) values in the submicromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Pinna
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Sardinia, Italy.
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Velázquez S, Tuñón V, Jimeno ML, Chamorro C, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Camarasa MJ. Potential multifunctional inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Novel [AZT]-[TSAO-T] and [d4T]-[TSAO-T] heterodimers modified in the linker and in the dideoxynucleoside region. J Med Chem 1999; 42:5188-96. [PMID: 10602704 DOI: 10.1021/jm991092+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to combine the anti-HIV-inhibitory capacity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NRTI) and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTI), several heterodimer analogues of the previously reported [AZT]-(CH(2))(3)-[TSAO-T] prototype have been prepared. In these novel series, other NRTIs, an expanded range of linkers with different conformational freedom and other attachment sites for these linkers on the base part of the NRTI analogue have been explored. Moreover, in order to circumvent the dependence of the NRTI moiety of the heterodimer on activation by cellular nucleoside kinases, novel heterodimers in which the NRTI is bearing a masked monophosphate group at the 5'-position are described. Among the novel heterodimers, several derivatives show a potent anti-HIV-1 activity, which proved comparable, or even superior, to that of the AZT heterodimer prototype. The nature of the NRTI was important for the eventual anti-HIV-1 activity. In particular, the d4T heterodimer derivative containing a propyl linker between the N-3 positions of the base of TSAO-T and d4T was approximately 5- to 10-fold more inhibitory to HIV-1 than the corresponding AZT heterodimer prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Velázquez
- Instituto de Química Médica (C.S.I.C.), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Manetti D, Bartolini A, Borea PA, Bellucci C, Dei S, Ghelardini C, Gualtieri F, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Teodori E, Varani K. Hybridized and isosteric analogues of N1-acetyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (ADMP) and N1-phenyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (DMPP) with central nicotinic action. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:457-65. [PMID: 10220032 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of piperazine derivatives, obtained by hybridization of N1-acetyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (1, ADMP) and N1-phenyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (3, DMPP) or of the corresponding tertiary bases (2, 4) with arecoline (5) and arecolone (6) or by isosteric substitution of the phenyl ring of DMPP, has been synthesized. Hybridization afforded compounds that, both as tertiary bases and as iodomethylates, have no affinity for the nicotinic receptor. On the contrary, isosteric substitution gave compounds that maintain affinity for the receptor; among them, two tertiary bases (37, 38), show affinity in the nanomolar range for the nicotinic receptor. The pharmacological profile of these isomeric compounds is quite interesting as they present differences in their peripheral and central effects, suggesting that they interact with different subtypes of the nicotinic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Manetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Italy
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12
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Bourrain S, Collins I, Neduvelil JG, Rowley M, Leeson PD, Patel S, Patel S, Emms F, Marwood R, Chapman KL, Fletcher AE, Showell GA. Substituted pyrazoles as novel selective ligands for the human dopamine D4 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:1731-43. [PMID: 9839003 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two novel series of 3-(heterocyclylmethyl)pyrazoles have been synthesised and evaluated as ligands for the human dopamine D4 receptor. Compounds in series I (exemplified by 8k) have a phenyl ring joined to the 4-position of the pyrazole while those in series II (exemplified by 15j) have a 5-phenyl ring linked by a saturated chain to the 4-position of the pyrazole. Both series supplied compounds with excellent affinity for the human D4 and good selectivity over other dopamine receptors. Excellent selectivity over calcium, sodium, and potassium ion channels was also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bourrain
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Harlow, Essex, UK
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Pinder
- Scientific Development Group, Organon International BV, Oss, The Netherlands
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14
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Sotomatsu T, Fujita T. The QSAR Application of a New Steric Parameter Set for Aromatic Substituents Defined by the Acidic Hydrolysis Rate of Ortho-substituted Benzamides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.19900090402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Przegalinski E, Tatarczynska E, Chojnacka-Wójcik E. Antidepressant-like activity of ipsapirone, buspirone and gepirone in the forced swimming test in rats pretreated with proadifen. J Psychopharmacol 1990; 4:204-9. [PMID: 22281849 DOI: 10.1177/026988119000400404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant-like activity of ipsapirone, buspirone and gepirone was studied in rats in the forced swimming test (behavioural despair test). lpsapirone and buspirone administered in single doses (5-20 mg/kg) did not affect the immobility time in this test. When administered in the same doses in a three-injection course in 24 h, buspirone was also inactive, while ipsapirone slightly but significantly reduced the immobility time only after a dose of 5 mg/kg. On the other hand, gepirone administered both in single doses (2.5-20 mg/kg) and in a three-injection course (5-20 mg/kg) potently and dose-dependently shortened the immobility time. 1-(2-Pyrimidinyl)-piperazine (1-PP; 5-20 mg/kg), a common metabolite of all the three drugs, administered in single doses or in a three-injection course, was inactive in the forced swimming test. In rats pretreated with proadifen (50 mg/kg), a non-selective drug metabolism inhibitor, both ipsapirone and buspirone administered in single doses (5-20 mg/kg) reduced the immobility time in a dose-dependent manner. Proadifen also potentiated the anti-immobility effect of gepirone (5 and 10 mg/kg). The anti-immobility effect of single doses (20 mg/kg) of ipsapirone, buspirone and gepirone in proadifen-pretreated animals was completely abolished by 1-PP (4 mg/kg). These results indicate that the antidepressant-like activity of the examined drugs in the behavioural despairtest is masked (ipsapirone, buspirone) or attenuated (gepirone) by their metabolite 1-PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Przegalinski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, Kraków, PL 31-343 Poland
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Vorbrüggen H. Advances in Amination of Nitrogen Heterocycles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 49 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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17
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Przegalinski E, Tatarczynska E, Chojnacka-Wójcik E. Anticonflict effect of ipsapirone, buspirone and gepirone is not mediated by their common metabolite 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine. J Psychopharmacol 1989; 3:180-5. [PMID: 22282903 DOI: 10.1177/026988118900300309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyrimidinylpiperazine anxiolytic drugs-ipsapirone, buspirone and gepirone-dose- dependently increased punished responding in an anticonflict (shock-induced suppression of drinking) paradigm in rats. Similar effect was also produced by their common metabolite 1- (2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine (1-PP). Anticonflict effects of ipsapirone, buspirone and gepirone, administered in maximal doses, were considerably stronger when tested 30 min than 120 min after their administration. Furthermore, anticonflict effects of these drugs, given in subthres hold or medium effective doses, were significantly potentiated by the non-selective drug metabolism inhibitor proadifen. Comparison of these results with literature pharmacokinetic data indicate that the pharmacological effect of ipsapirone, buspirone and gepirone parallels better cerebral concentrations of the parent drugs than 1-PP. Therefore anticonflict activity of the investigated drugs does not seem to be mediated by their common metabolite 1-PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Przegalinski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Bianchi G, Garattini S. Blockade of alpha 2-adrenoceptors by 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine (PmP) in vivo and its relation to the activity of buspirone. Eur J Pharmacol 1988; 147:343-50. [PMID: 2897918 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(88)90167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine (PmP) and the parent drug, buspirone in counteracting the behavioral and biochemical effects of clonidine were evaluated in the rat. Intraperitoneal or oral administration of PmP, buspirone and yohimbine, but not of prazosin, antagonized the slowing of gastrointestinal motility induced by subcutaneous clonidine (0.1 mg/kg). The doses that inhibited the effect of clonidine on the transit time by 50% were 0.5 mg/kg i.p. and 0.7 mg/kg p.o. for PmP, 7 mg/kg i.p. and 9 mg/kg p.o. for buspirone and 0.5 mg/kg i.p. for yohimbine. PmP (0.5 mg/kg) did not block the antitransit effect of clonidine when administered by intracerebroventricular injection. The antitransit effect of a low dose of morphine (0.05 mg/kg i.p.) was not blocked by PmP (2 mg/kg i.p.). The prolongation of the hexobarbital-induced loss of the righting reflex that occurs after clonidine (0.25 mg/kg i.p.) administration was inhibited by pretreatment with PmP (0.1-2 mg/kg p.o.) or yohimbine (1 mg/kg i.p.) but not by pretreatment with prazosin (2 mg/kg i.p.). Buspirone (1-20 mg/kg) also reduced the effect of clonidine after oral administration, with a maximal effect at 5 mg/kg, whereas the same dose administered i.v. had less effect. PmP (2 mg/kg) and buspirone (15 mg/kg) raised the levels of total 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylgycol (MHPG) in rat cerebral cortex, and prevented the decrease in MHPG induced by clonidine. These findings show that buspirone, in doses at which it is active as an anxiolytic, suppresses the central and peripheral effects of clonidine. This action occurs through alpha 2-adrenoceptors and is mediated primarily by the metabolite, PmP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bianchi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
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Pettibone DJ, Clineschmidt BV, Lotti VJ, Baldwin JJ, Huff JR, Randall WC, Vacca J, Young SD. Pharmacological profile of a new potent and specific alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, L-657,743. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1987; 336:169-75. [PMID: 2891039 DOI: 10.1007/bf00165801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
L-657,743,(2S,12bS)1',3'-dimethylspiro(1,3,4,5',6,6',7,12 b-octahydro-2H- benzo[b]furo[2,3-a]quinolizine)-2,4'-pyrimidin-2'-one, was tested in several in vitro and in vivo models for alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonism. L-657,743 exhibited a high affinity (less than or equal to 1 nM) for alpha 2-adrenoceptors labelled by [3H] rauwolscine or [3H]clonidine with a 240-fold selectivity versus alpha 1-adrenoceptors labelled by [3H]prazosin. L-657,743 was a potent, selective, and competitive alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist in the rat isolated vas deferens (pA2 = 9.3 vs. clonidine; pA2 = 7.1 vs methoxamine). In vivo, L-657,743 potently blocked clonidine-induced mydriasis in the rat and stimulated cerebrocortical norepinephrine synthesis, two indices of central alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonism. L-657,743 exhibited a comparatively low affinity for several monoamine receptor subtypes (D1, D2, 5-HT1, 5-HT2) in radioligand binding assays in vitro and a comparatively low potency to alter the synthesis of brain DA and 5-HT in vivo indicating a marked alpha 2-specificity versus other monoamine receptor mechanisms. Compared to yohimbine, L-657,743 had considerably higher alpha 2-antagonist potency and alpha 2/alpha 1 selectivity and was significantly more alpha 2-specific (i.e., vs. DA, 5-HT receptors).
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Pettibone
- Department of Microbial Pharmacometrics, Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486
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Caccia S, Conti I, Notarnicola A, Urso R. Lipophilicity and disposition of 1-aryl-piperazines in the rat. Xenobiotica 1987; 17:605-16. [PMID: 3604264 DOI: 10.3109/00498258709043967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The disposition of eight 1-aryl-piperazines was investigated in rats after i.v. administration. The concentration of 1-aryl-piperazine in body fluids and tissues was determined by h.p.l.c. or electron-capture g.l.c. Correlations of kinetics and physiological parameters with the lipophilicity of each 1-aryl-piperazine, determined by h.p.l.c. retention on a reverse-phase C18 column at neutral pH, were investigated. Binding to rat plasma proteins varied within the series, increasing with lipophilicity. For the majority of the derivatives the blood-to-plasma ratio was close to unity, implying an almost equal distribution between erythrocytes and plasma. The most lipophilic 1-aryl-piperazine of the series partitioned more into erythrocytes. The eight compounds differed widely in Vss and total Cl values and as a general trend both values increased with lipophilicity. The percentage of the dose excreted unchanged in the urine decreased progressively with increasing lipophilicity. 1-Aryl-piperazines were distributed extensively in all the tissues examined, concentrating particularly in the eliminating organs and lung. They easily entered the rat brain, Cmax values generally being reached within five minutes of parenteral injection. 1-Aryl-piperazine brain uptake increased with lipophilicity.
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Clark RD, Michel AD, Whiting RL. Pharmacology and structure-activity relationships of alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1986; 23:1-39. [PMID: 2889241 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Caccia S, Fong MH, Urso R. Ionization constants and partition coefficients of 1-arylpiperazine derivatives. J Pharm Pharmacol 1985; 37:567-70. [PMID: 2864419 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb03069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The ionization constant (pKa) and liposolubilities (log P) of fourteen 1-arylpiperazines were determined by n-octanol/buffer partition. pKa varied little across the entire series. Log P values ranged from less than 1 to about 2 for the highly lipophilic derivatives of the preset series. The results are discussed in relation to the extent to which these derivatives, known to be centrally active, may enter the brain.
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