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Carosso S, Miller MJ. Nitroso Diels-Alder (NDA) reaction as an efficient tool for the functionalization of diene-containing natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7445-68. [PMID: 25119424 PMCID: PMC4161629 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the use of nitroso Diels-Alder reactions for the functionalization of complex diene-containing natural products in order to generate libraries of compounds with potential biological activity. The application of this methodology to the structural modification of a series of natural products (thebaine, steroidal dienes, rapamycin, leucomycin, colchicine, isocolchicine and piperine) is discussed using relevant examples from the literature from 1973 onwards. The biological activity of the resulting compounds is also discussed. Additional comments are provided that evaluate the methodology as a useful tool in organic, bioorganic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Carosso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Wladislaw B, Marzorati L, Vitta CD. SULFANYLATION REACTIONS OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES EMPLOYING SULFUR ELECTROPfflLES. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940709458600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Skoda-Földes R, Vándor K, Kollár L, Horváth J, Tuba Z. Cycloaddition of Nitrosoaromatics with Steroidal Dienes: Unexpected Dependence of the Chemoselectivity on the Aryl Ring Substituent. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9904157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Skoda-Földes
- University of Veszprém, Department of Organic Chemistry and Research Group for Petrochemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Wartha V. u.1., P.O. Box 158, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary, Janus Pannonius University, Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Group for Chemical Sensors of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Ifjúság u. 6., P.O.Box 266, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, and Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Vándor
- University of Veszprém, Department of Organic Chemistry and Research Group for Petrochemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Wartha V. u.1., P.O. Box 158, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary, Janus Pannonius University, Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Group for Chemical Sensors of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Ifjúság u. 6., P.O.Box 266, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, and Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kollár
- University of Veszprém, Department of Organic Chemistry and Research Group for Petrochemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Wartha V. u.1., P.O. Box 158, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary, Janus Pannonius University, Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Group for Chemical Sensors of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Ifjúság u. 6., P.O.Box 266, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, and Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Horváth
- University of Veszprém, Department of Organic Chemistry and Research Group for Petrochemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Wartha V. u.1., P.O. Box 158, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary, Janus Pannonius University, Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Group for Chemical Sensors of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Ifjúság u. 6., P.O.Box 266, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, and Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Tuba
- University of Veszprém, Department of Organic Chemistry and Research Group for Petrochemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Wartha V. u.1., P.O. Box 158, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary, Janus Pannonius University, Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Group for Chemical Sensors of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Ifjúság u. 6., P.O.Box 266, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, and Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
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Brooks JR. Treatment of hirsutism with 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors. CLINICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 1986; 15:391-405. [PMID: 3521959 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-595x(86)80032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Much os the evidence gathered from studies of 5 alpha-reductase activity levels and androgen metabolism in the skin of hirsute women and the excretion of androgen metabolites by hirsute women indicates that 5 alpha-reduced androgens are probably of primary importance in hirsutism. Unfortunately, until very recently, the lack of a suitable 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor made it very difficult to adequately test the hypothesis that such an inhibitor might be useful in the treatment of hirsutism and certain other androgen-related diseases. No substance was available which had good, unambiguous activity in vivo as a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor. A number of 4-azasteroids have now been found to possess excellent 5 alpha-reductase inhibitory activity both in vitro and in vivo. Among other properties, several of these compounds show little or no affinity for the androgen receptor of rat prostate cytosol, they attenuate the growth promoting effect of T, but not DHT, on the ventral prostate of castrated male rats, they cause a marked reduction in prostatic DHT concentration in acutely treated rats and dogs and they bring about a significant decline in prostate size in chronically treated rats and dogs. It is expected that, in the near future, one or more of these highly active 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors will be tested in the clinic as a treatment for hirsutism. The results of those studies will be awaited with a great deal of interest since they should considerably advance our understanding of this disease and possibly contribute to its control.
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