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Sidorenko GV, Miroslavov AE, Tyupina MY, Gurzhiy VV, Sakhonenkova AP, Lumpov AA. 2 + 1 Tricarbonyl Complexes of Technetium(I) with a Combination of N, N-Bidentate Ligands and Ethyl Isocyanoacetate: How Strong Is the Interfering Effect of Chloride Ions on Their Formation? Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15593-15604. [PMID: 37695753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Technetium(I) 2 + 1 tricarbonyl complexes with a combination of N,N-bidentate ligands (2,2'-bipyridine, bipy; 1,10-phenanthroline, phen) and ethyl isocyanoacetate were prepared and characterized by NMR, IR, UV/visible, and luminescence spectroscopies and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crystal structures of [99Tc(CO)3(bipy)(CNCH2COOEt)](ClO4) (in the form of a solvate with 0.5CH2Cl2) and [99Tc(CO)3(phen)(CNCH2COOEt)](ClO4) (in the form of an adduct with an outer-sphere phen molecule) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. To evaluate the interfering effect of chloride ions on the formation of the 2 + 1 complexes, the kinetics of the replacement of labile monodentate ligand X in the complexes [MX(CO)3(N∧N)] (M = Re, 99Tc; N∧N = bipy, phen; X = Cl-, ClO4-) by CNCH2COOEt in ethanol were compared. The 99Tc bipy complexes with X = ClO4- (according to the IR data, perchlorate anion in ethanol is displaced from the coordination sphere by the solvent molecule) and X = Cl- are characterized by close ligand replacement rates. In the case of the 99Tc complexes with phen and Re complexes with both phen and bipy, the chloride complexes are appreciably less reactive than the chloride-free complexes. The technetium complexes are considerably more reactive in ligand replacement than their rhenium analogues. In the chloride-containing medium (saline), the complex [99mTc(CO)3(bipy)(CNCH2COOEt)]+ can be prepared under the conditions acceptable for nuclear medical applications, although higher isonitrile concentrations are required as compared to the chloride-free system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy V Sidorenko
- Khlopin Radium Institute, 2-i Murinskii pr. 28, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Ozyrsk Technological Institute of the National Research Nuclear University, Pobedy pr., 48, Ozyrsk 456783, Russia
| | - Alexander E Miroslavov
- Khlopin Radium Institute, 2-i Murinskii pr. 28, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Ozyrsk Technological Institute of the National Research Nuclear University, Pobedy pr., 48, Ozyrsk 456783, Russia
- Radiochemistry Department, St. Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Margarita Yu Tyupina
- Khlopin Radium Institute, 2-i Murinskii pr. 28, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Ozyrsk Technological Institute of the National Research Nuclear University, Pobedy pr., 48, Ozyrsk 456783, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Gurzhiy
- Department of Crystallography, St. Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anna P Sakhonenkova
- Khlopin Radium Institute, 2-i Murinskii pr. 28, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Ozyrsk Technological Institute of the National Research Nuclear University, Pobedy pr., 48, Ozyrsk 456783, Russia
| | - Alexander A Lumpov
- Khlopin Radium Institute, 2-i Murinskii pr. 28, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
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Fang Y, Li Y, Liang H, Li W, Zhang H. Preparation and Preliminary Evaluation of a Promising 99mTc-Labeled Isonitrile-Containing 6-Thia-Fatty Acid Derivative for Myocardial Metabolism Imaging. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3953-3967. [PMID: 36950862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
For over 40 years, none of the previous 99mTc-labeled fatty acids for myocardial imaging has potential clinical use. 99mTc-(C10-6-thia-CO2H)(MIBI)5 is the first 99mTc-labeled fatty acid to exhibit good myocardial uptake (2.06 ± 0.06%ID/g) at 60 min post injection, high heart-to-liver ratio (6.43 ± 1.85 and 9.68 ± 0.76), high heart-to-lung ratio (9.48 ± 1.39 and 11.02 ± 0.89), and high heart-to-blood ratio (164.01 ± 43.51 and 197.36 ± 32.29) at 60 and 120 min in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, respectively. It also demonstrated excellent myocardial imaging quality. The above target-to-nontarget ratios exceeded those of [123I]BMIPP and were higher than or close to those of 99mTc-MIBI at 60 and 120 min. Most of 99mTc-(C10-6-thia-CO2H)(MIBI)5 was partially β-oxidized to protein-bound metabolites in myocardium. Administration of trimetazidine dihydrochloride (TMZ, a fatty acid β-oxidation inhibitor) to rats caused 51% reduction in the myocardial uptake of 99mTc-(C10-6-thia-CO2H)(MIBI)5 and 61% reduction in the distribution of 99mTc-radioactivity in a residual tissue pellet at 60 min, indicating its considerable sensitivity to myocardial fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, No.436 Xian'ge Avenue, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaju Liang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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3
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Sidorenko GV, Miroslavov AE, Tyupina MY. Technetium(I) carbonyl complexes for nuclear medicine: Coordination-chemical aspect. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Lengacher R, Alberto R. Bioorganometallics: 99mTc cytectrenes, syntheses and applications in nuclear medicine. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Lengacher R, Csucker J, Hernández-Valdés D, Spingler B, Braband H, Alberto R. Expanding the Cyclopentadienyl Framework: 99mTc/Re Complexes with Orthogonal Functions for Bioconjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 32:1393-1398. [PMID: 32997491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of bifunctional cyclopentadienes of the type 1,3-EtOCO-HCp-linker-NH2 were synthesized. In this series, the linker length (distance between the amine functionalities and the cyclopentadiene) has been systematically varied (CH2)n (n = 1-3). The corresponding Re complexes [(η5-C5H3RR')Re(CO)3] (R = -COOEt, R' = -linker-NH2) were synthesized and structurally characterized. They exhibit extraordinary stability toward water and air. All bifunctional cyclopentadienes have been labeled with the [99mTc(CO)3]+ moiety. Whereas the reactions with ethylene and propylene linked cyclopentadiene under mild reaction conditions led to the products in high radiochemical purity (>96%) without applying further purification protocols, harsher reaction conditions were required for the synthesis of the methylene-linked cyclopentadiene compound. Masking the amine in the methylene-linked cyclopentadiene by an amide bond bypasses this problem. The very hydrophilic characters of these complexes were assessed by KOW analysis. The reported cyclopentadienes and their complexes offer a robust and versatile platform for (radio)metal incorporation into biologically active lead structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Lengacher
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Csucker
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hernández-Valdés
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Braband
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Cysteine Derivatized 99mTc-Labelled Fatty Acids as β-Oxidation Markers. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of developing 99mTc-labeled fatty acids intended for myocardial metabolism imaging we report herein the synthesis and characterization of two novel derivatives of undecanonoic and hexadecanonoic acid that have been functionalized at the ω-site by cysteine through the formation of a thioether bond (Cys–FA11 and Cys–FA16). Equimolar amounts of each ligand and the [NEt4]2[Re(CO)3Br3] precursor generated the respective hexacoordinated neutral complexes in which the ligand coordinated to the metal through the SNO donor system of cysteine. The rhenium complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopies. The analogous technetium-99m complexes, 99mTc–Cys–FA11 and 99mTc–Cys–FA16 were prepared by incubation of the ligand with the precursor [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ (radiochemical yield ≥98%). Their structure was established by comparative HPLC techniques. In vivo studies in mice showed high initial heart uptake for both 99mTc complexes (7.4 ± 0.53 and 7.07 ± 0.73 percentage of injected dose (%ID)/g at 1 min post injection. Rapid clearance (0.60 ± 0.02 %ID/g) was observed for 99mTc–Cys–FA11 while the clearance of the longer fatty acid 99mTc–Cys–FA16 was slower (2.31 ± 0.09 %ID/g at 15 min p.i.). Metabolite analysis study indicated that complexes were catabolized through the β-oxidation process.
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Das S, Mathur A, Sakhare N, Mallia MB, Sarma HD, Sachdev SS, Dash A. Synthesis and biodistribution studies of 99m Tc labeled fatty acid derivatives prepared via "Click approach" for potential use in cardiac imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:1048-1057. [PMID: 30171704 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
123 I-Iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (IPPA) is a metabolic agent used in nuclear medicine for diagnosis of myocardial defects. Efforts are underway worldwide to develop a 99m Tc substitute of the above radiopharmaceutical for the aforementioned application. Herein, we report synthesis and biodistribution studies of 99m Tc labeled fatty acids (8, 11, and 15 carbons) obtained via "click chemistry" for its potential use in myocardial imaging. ω-Bromo fatty acids (8C/11C/15C) were synthetically modified at bromo terminal to introduce a heterocyclic triazole with glycine sidearm in a five step procedure. Modified fatty acids were subsequently radiolabeled with preformed [99m Tc(CO)3 ]+ synthon to yield the desired fatty acid complexes which were evaluated in Swiss mice. All the radiolabeled complexes were obtained with radiochemical purities >80%, as characterized by HPLC. Biodistribution studies of all three complexes in Swiss mice showed myocardial uptake of ~6-9% ID/g at 2 minutes post-injection, close to* I-IPPA (~9% ID/g). Complexes exhibited significant retention in the myocardium up to 30 minutes (~1% ID/g) but were lower to the standard agent (~7% ID/g). Similar uptake of activity in myocardium for the newly synthesized complexes in comparison to 125 I-IPPA along with favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics merits potential for the present "click" design of complexes for myocardial imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Anupam Mathur
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Navin Sakhare
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Madhava B Mallia
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.,Radiopharmaceutical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Satbir Singh Sachdev
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.,Radiopharmaceutical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
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8
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Cyclopentadienyl molybdenum(II) compounds bearing carboxylic acid functional group. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of fatty acid derivatives for myocardial imaging containing [99mTc(CO)3]+. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Liu J, Wang H, Wang S, Xue Q, Wang D, Wang H, Zhang H. Initial evaluation of 99m
Tc-tricarbonyl-cyclopentadienyl fatty acids derivatives as SPECT tracers for myocardium. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:250-262. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Qianqian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Hang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Huabei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
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11
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Xue Q, Wang H, Liu J, Wang D, Zhang H. Synthesis and biodistribution of novel dipicolylamine 99mTc-(CO)3-labeled fatty acid derivatives for myocardial imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Liu J, Xue Q, Wang H, Wang H, Wang D, Fang Y, Zhang H. Synthesis and bio-evaluation of Tc-99 m-labeled fatty acid derivatives for myocardial metabolism imaging. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Qianqian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Hang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Huabei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
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Li X, Wu A, Xue Q, Fang Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Bao H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of fatty acids containing 99mTc-oxo and 99mTc-nitrido for myocardial metabolism imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Mathur A, Sharma AK, Murhekar VV, Mallia MB, Pawade S, Sarma HD, Chaudhari P, Sachdev SS, Banerjee S. Syntheses and biological evaluation of99mTc-HYNIC-fatty acid complexes for myocardial imaging. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12683e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to identify a99mTc-labeled fatty acid tracer which could be a possible substitute of the widely used123I-labeled fatty acids in studying myocardial metabolism and in detection of myocardial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Mathur
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - Abhishek K. Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - V. V. Murhekar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - Madhava B. Mallia
- Radipharmaceuticals Chemistry Section
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - Shital Pawade
- Advanced Centre for Treatment
- Research & Education in Cancer
- Tata Memorial Centre
- Navi Mumbai-410210
- India
| | - H. D. Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment
- Research & Education in Cancer
- Tata Memorial Centre
- Navi Mumbai-410210
- India
| | - S. S. Sachdev
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - Sharmila Banerjee
- Radipharmaceuticals Chemistry Section
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
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Kharissova OV, Méndez-Rojas MA, Kharisov BI, Méndez UO, Martínez PE. Metal complexes containing natural and and artificial radioactive elements and their applications. Molecules 2014; 19:10755-802. [PMID: 25061724 PMCID: PMC6272025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190810755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances (during the 2007–2014 period) in the coordination and organometallic chemistry of compounds containing natural and artificially prepared radionuclides (actinides and technetium), are reviewed. Radioactive isotopes of naturally stable elements are not included for discussion in this work. Actinide and technetium complexes with O-, N-, N,O, N,S-, P-containing ligands, as well π-organometallics are discussed from the view point of their synthesis, properties, and main applications. On the basis of their properties, several mono-, bi-, tri-, tetra- or polydentate ligands have been designed for specific recognition of some particular radionuclides, and can be used in the processes of nuclear waste remediation, i.e., recycling of nuclear fuel and the separation of actinides and fission products from waste solutions or for analytical determination of actinides in solutions; actinide metal complexes are also usefulas catalysts forcoupling gaseous carbon monoxide, as well as antimicrobial and anti-fungi agents due to their biological activity. Radioactive labeling based on the short-lived metastable nuclide technetium-99m (99mTc) for biomedical use as heart, lung, kidney, bone, brain, liver or cancer imaging agents is also discussed. Finally, the promising applications of technetium labeling of nanomaterials, with potential applications as drug transport and delivery vehicles, radiotherapeutic agents or radiotracers for monitoring metabolic pathways, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana V Kharissova
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Monterrey, N.L. C.P. 66450, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Méndez-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Sta. Catarina Mártir, Cholula, Puebla. C.P. 72810, Mexico
| | - Boris I Kharisov
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Monterrey, N.L. C.P. 66450, Mexico.
| | - Ubaldo Ortiz Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Monterrey, N.L. C.P. 66450, Mexico
| | - Perla Elizondo Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Monterrey, N.L. C.P. 66450, Mexico
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Jindal A, Mathur A, Pandey U, Sarma HD, Chaudhari P, Dash A. Development of68Ga-labeled fatty acids for their potential use in cardiac metabolic imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:463-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Jindal
- Isotope Applications & Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Anupam Mathur
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program; Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology; Mumbai 400703 India
| | - Usha Pandey
- Isotope Applications & Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - H. D. Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer; Tata Memorial Centre; Mumbai 410210 India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Isotope Applications & Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
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17
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of fatty acids conjugates bearing cyclopentadienyl-donors incorporated [99mTc/Re(CO)3]+ for myocardical imaging. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 72:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Zeng H, Zhang H, Wu X, Chao F, Yu G, Zhang L, Jiang H, Liu H, Hou H, Zhan H, Zhang H, Tian M. Preliminary studies of a novel cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl technetium-99m fatty acid derivative for myocardical imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:1-5. [PMID: 24285133 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis and evaluation studies of 6'-cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl technetium-99m 6'-oxo-11-(hexanamide)undecanoic acid (1). 1 was prepared with 26.5 ± 4.3% of radiochemical yield and more than 98% of radiochemical purity. Tissue distribution in mice showed that high radioactivity accumulated in the heart with moderate clearance. However, unfortunately, similar to those of other technetium-labeled fatty acid analogs, the biodistribution studies of 1 in mice showed poor heart-to-blood ratios, which suggested that 1 cannot be used as myocardial imaging agent, and it may provide a theoretical basis or a lab experience for corresponding fatty acid tracers studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahui Zeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, 310009; Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875
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Zeng H, Zhao L, Hu S, Liu Y, Yu H, Chen N, Zhang H. Synthesis, characterization and biodistribution of new fatty acids conjugates bearing N,N,N-donors incorporated [99mTc/Re(CO)3]+. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:2894-901. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Morais GR, Paulo A, Santos I. Organometallic Complexes for SPECT Imaging and/or Radionuclide Therapy. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300501d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Goreti Ribeiro Morais
- Unidade de Ciências
Quı́micas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto
Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional
10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- Unidade de Ciências
Quı́micas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto
Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional
10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santos
- Unidade de Ciências
Quı́micas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto
Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional
10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
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21
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Synthesis, radiolabeling and evaluation of a new positively charged 99mTc-labeled fatty acid derivative for myocardial imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Mathur A, Mallia MB, Sarma HD, Banerjee S, Venkatesh M. Evaluation of new positively charged 11- and 12-carbon 99mTc-labeled fatty acid derivatives for myocardial imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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24
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Mirtschink P, Stehr SN, Walther M, Pietzsch J, Bergmann R, Pietzsch HJ, Weichsel J, Pexa A, Dieterich P, Wunderlich G, Binas B, Kropp J, Deussen A. Validation of 99mTc-labeled “4+1” fatty acids for myocardial metabolism and flow imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:845-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Mathur A, Subramanian S, Mallia MB, Banerjee S, Samuel G, Sarma HD, Venkatesh M. Synthesis and bio-evaluation of a new fatty acid derivative for myocardial imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7927-31. [PMID: 18701306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of a (99m)Tc-fatty acid analogue is of interest, as (99m)Tc is logistically advantageous over the cyclotron-produced (11)C and (123)I. Synthesis of a 16 carbon fatty acid derivative and its radiolabeling with the novel [(99m)TcN(PNP)](2+) core is described here. Hexadecanedioic acid was conjugated to cysteine in an overall yield of 55%. This ligand could be labeled with (99m)Tc via the [(99m)TcN(PNP)](2+) core, in 80% yield, as a mixture of two isomers (syn and anti). The major isomer isolated by HPLC was used for bioevaluation studies in swiss mice and compared with radioiodinated iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (IPPA), an established agent for myocardial metabolic imaging. (99m)Tc-labeled complex cleared faster from the non-target organs, namely, liver, lungs, and blood compared to that of [(125)I]-IPPA. However, the complex exhibited lower uptake and faster washout from the myocardium as compared to [(125)I]-IPPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Mathur
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Mumbai 400705, India
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26
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Lee BC, Kim DH, Lee I, Choe YS, Chi DY, Lee KH, Choi Y, Kim BT. 16-Cyclopentadienyl Tricarbonyl 99mTc 16-Oxo-hexadecanoic Acid: Synthesis and Evaluation of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Mouse Myocardium. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3630-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800049h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, Inchon 402-751, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, Inchon 402-751, Korea
| | - Iljung Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, Inchon 402-751, Korea
| | - Yearn Seong Choe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, Inchon 402-751, Korea
| | - Dae Yoon Chi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, Inchon 402-751, Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, Inchon 402-751, Korea
| | - Yong Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, Inchon 402-751, Korea
| | - Byung-Tae Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, Inchon 402-751, Korea
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27
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Suzuki K, Shimmura N, Thipyapong K, Uehara T, Akizawa H, Arano Y. Assessment of Macrocyclic Triamine Ligands As Synthons for Organometallic 99mTc Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:2593-600. [DOI: 10.1021/ic7019654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, 260-8675 Chiba, Japan, Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., 3-1 Kitasode, Sodegaura-city, 299-0266 Chiba, Japan, and Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20130, Thailand
| | - Naomi Shimmura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, 260-8675 Chiba, Japan, Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., 3-1 Kitasode, Sodegaura-city, 299-0266 Chiba, Japan, and Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20130, Thailand
| | - Khajadpai Thipyapong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, 260-8675 Chiba, Japan, Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., 3-1 Kitasode, Sodegaura-city, 299-0266 Chiba, Japan, and Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20130, Thailand
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, 260-8675 Chiba, Japan, Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., 3-1 Kitasode, Sodegaura-city, 299-0266 Chiba, Japan, and Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20130, Thailand
| | - Hiromichi Akizawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, 260-8675 Chiba, Japan, Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., 3-1 Kitasode, Sodegaura-city, 299-0266 Chiba, Japan, and Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20130, Thailand
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, 260-8675 Chiba, Japan, Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., 3-1 Kitasode, Sodegaura-city, 299-0266 Chiba, Japan, and Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20130, Thailand
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28
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Cazzola E, Benini E, Pasquali M, Mirtschink P, Walther M, Pietzsch HJ, Uccelli L, Boschi A, Bolzati C, Duatti A. Labeling of Fatty Acid Ligands with the Strong Electrophilic Metal Fragment [99mTc(N)(PNP)]2+ (PNP = Diphosphane Ligand). Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:450-60. [DOI: 10.1021/bc7002378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cazzola
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany, and ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Benini
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany, and ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Micol Pasquali
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany, and ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany, and ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Martin Walther
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany, and ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Hans-Jurgen Pietzsch
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany, and ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Licia Uccelli
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany, and ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boschi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany, and ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Bolzati
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany, and ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Adriano Duatti
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany, and ICIS-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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29
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Mirtschink P, Stehr SN, Pietzsch HJ, Bergmann R, Pietzsch J, Wunderlich G, Heintz AC, Kropp J, Spies H, Kraus W, Deussen A, Walther M. Modified “4 + 1” Mixed Ligand Technetium-Labeled Fatty Acids for Myocardial Imaging: Evaluation of Myocardial Uptake and Biodistribution. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 19:97-108. [DOI: 10.1021/bc700164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mirtschink
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian N. Stehr
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans J. Pietzsch
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Wunderlich
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke C. Heintz
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Kropp
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Spies
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Kraus
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Deussen
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Walther
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Institute of Radiopharmacy, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine Carl Thiem-Hospital Cottbus, D-03048 Cottbus, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany
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