1
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Chałupnik P, Szymańska E. Kainate Receptor Antagonists: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1908. [PMID: 36768227 PMCID: PMC9916396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1990s, ionotropic glutamate receptors have served as an outstanding target for drug discovery research aimed at the discovery of new neurotherapeutic agents. With the recent approval of perampanel, the first marketed non-competitive antagonist of AMPA receptors, particular interest has been directed toward 'non-NMDA' (AMPA and kainate) receptor inhibitors. Although the role of AMPA receptors in the development of neurological or psychiatric disorders has been well recognized and characterized, progress in understanding the function of kainate receptors (KARs) has been hampered, mainly due to the lack of specific and selective pharmacological tools. The latest findings in the biology of KA receptors indicate that they are involved in neurophysiological activity and play an important role in both health and disease, including conditions such as anxiety, schizophrenia, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and migraine. Therefore, we reviewed recent advances in the field of competitive and non-competitive kainate receptor antagonists and their potential therapeutic applications. Due to the high level of structural divergence among the compounds described here, we decided to divide them into seven groups according to their overall structure, presenting a total of 72 active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Szymańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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2
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Phenylalanine-Based AMPA Receptor Antagonist as the Anticonvulsant Agent with Neuroprotective Activity-In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030875. [PMID: 35164136 PMCID: PMC8840081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trying to meet the multitarget-directed ligands strategy, a series of previously described aryl-substituted phenylalanine derivatives, reported as competitive antagonists of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, were screened in vitro for their free-radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity in two different assays: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity fluorescent (ORAC-FL) assays. The most active antioxidants 1 and 8 were further examined to evaluate their neuroprotective properties in vitro. In this study, compound 1 showed a significant neuroprotective effect against the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cell lines. Both compounds also showed prevention from high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the desired monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition effect (IC50 = 278 ± 29 nM) for 1 was determined. No toxic effects up to 100 µM of 1 and 8 against neuroblastoma cells were observed. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that compound 1 demonstrated significant anticonvulsant potential in 6-Hz test, but in neuropathic pain models its antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic properties were not observed. Concluding, the compound 1 seems to be of higher importance as a new phenylalanine-based lead candidate due to its confirmed promise in in vitro and in vivo anticonvulsant activity.
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3
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Sengupta S, Chandrasekaran S. Modifications of amino acids using arenediazonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8308-8329. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aryl transfer reactions from arenediazonium salts have started to make their impact in chemical biology with initial forays in the arena of arylative modifications and bio-conjugations of amino acids, peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumitra Sengupta
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore
- India
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4
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Szymańska E, Chałupnik P, Johansen TN, Nielsen B, Cuñado Moral AM, Pickering DS, Więckowska A, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted phenylalanines as AMPA receptor ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017. [PMID: 28636281 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of racemic unnatural amino acids was rationally designed on the basis of recently published X-ray structures of the GluA2 LBD with bound phenylalanine-based antagonists. Twelve new diaryl- or aryl/heteroaryl-substituted phenylalanine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro in radioligand binding assays at native rat ionotropic glutamate receptors. The most interesting compound in this series, (RS)-2-amino-3-(3'-hydroxy-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)propanoic acid 7e, showed the binding affinity of 4.6 μm for native AMPA receptors and over fourfold lower affinity for kainic acid receptors. Furthermore, 7e was evaluated at recombinant homomeric rat GluA2 and GluA3 receptors. Recently reported X-ray structures 5CBR and 5CBS, representing two distinct antagonist binding modes, were used as templates for molecular docking of the synthesized series. Binding data supported with molecular modeling confirmed that aryl/heteroaryl-substituted phenylalanine analogues effectively bind to AMPA receptors with low micromolar affinity and high selectivity over native NMDA and kainate receptors. These properties make 7e a promising lead for the further development of new AMPA receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szymańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Chałupnik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tommy N Johansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Maria Cuñado Moral
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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5
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Szymańska E, Nielsen B, Johansen TN, Cuñado Moral AM, Pickering DS, Szczepańska K, Mickowska A, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Pharmacological characterization and binding modes of novel racemic and optically active phenylalanine-based antagonists of AMPA receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:874-883. [PMID: 28738307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to map out molecular determinants for the competitive blockade of AMPA receptor subtypes, a series of racemic aryl-substituted phenylalanines was synthesized and pharmacologically characterized in vitro at native rat ionotropic glutamate receptors. Most of the compounds showed micromolar affinity and preference for AMPA receptors. Individual stereoisomers of selected compounds were further evaluated at recombinant homomeric rat GluA2 and GluA3 receptors. The most potent compound, (-)-2-amino-3-(6-chloro-2',5'-dihydroxy-5-nitro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)propanoic acid, the expected R-isomer showing Ki of 1.71 μM at the GluA2 subtype, was found to competitively antagonize GluA2(Q)i receptors in TEVC electrophysiological experiments (Kb = 2.13 μM). Molecular docking experiments allowed us to compare two alternative antagonist binding modes for the synthesized phenylalanines at the GluA2 binding core, showing the direction for further structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szymańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Tommy N Johansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ana Maria Cuñado Moral
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Mickowska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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6
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Sadek B, Oz M, Nurulain SM, Jayaprakash P, Latacz G, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Szymańska E. Phenylalanine derivatives with modulating effects on human α1-glycine receptors and anticonvulsant activity in strychnine-induced seizure model in male adult rats. Epilepsy Res 2017; 138:124-131. [PMID: 28554717 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of α1-glycine receptor (α1-GLYRs) in pathological conditions such as epilepsy is well known. In the present study, structure-activity relations for a series of phenylalanine derivatives carrying selected hydrogen bond acceptors were investigated on the functional properties of human α1-GLYR expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The results indicate that one particular substitution position appeared to be of special importance for control of ligand activity. Among tested ligands (1-8), the biphenyl derivative (2) provided the most promising antagonistic effect on α1-GLYRs, while its phenylbenzyl analogue (5) exhibited the highest potentiation effect. Moreover, ligand 5 with most promising potentiating effect showed in-vivo moderate protection when tested in strychnine (STR)-induced seizure model in male adult rats, whereas ligand 2 with highest antagonistic effect failed to provide appreciable anti(pro)convulsant effect. Furthermore, ligands 2 and 5 with the most promising effects on human α1-GLYRs were examined for their toxicity and potential neuroprotective effect against neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The results show that ligands 2 and 5 possessed neither significant antiproliferative effects, nor necrotic and mitochondrial toxicity (up to concentration of 50μM). Moreover, ligand 2 showed weak neuroprotective effect at the 50μM against 100μM toxic dose of 6-OHDA. Our results indicate that modulatory effects of ligands 2 and 5 on human α1-GLYRs as well as on STR-induced convulsion can provide further insights for the design of therapeutic agents in treatment of epilepsy and other pathological conditions requiring enhanced activity of inhibitory glycine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Murat Oz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Syed M Nurulain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; Department of Bioscience, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Petrilla Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Szymańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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7
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Krogsgaard-Larsen N, Delgar CG, Koch K, Brown PMGE, Møller C, Han L, Huynh THV, Hansen SW, Nielsen B, Bowie D, Pickering DS, Kastrup JS, Frydenvang K, Bunch L. Design and Synthesis of a Series of l-trans-4-Substituted Prolines as Selective Antagonists for the Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors Including Functional and X-ray Crystallographic Studies of New Subtype Selective Kainic Acid Receptor Subtype 1 (GluK1) Antagonist (2S,4R)-4-(2-Carboxyphenoxy)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic Acid. J Med Chem 2016; 60:441-457. [PMID: 28005385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists are valuable tool compounds for studies of neurological pathways in the central nervous system. On the basis of rational ligand design, a new class of selective antagonists, represented by (2S,4R)-4-(2-carboxyphenoxy)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (1b), for cloned homomeric kainic acid receptors subtype 1 (GluK1) was attained (Ki = 4 μM). In a functional assay, 1b displayed full antagonist activity with IC50 = 6 ± 2 μM. A crystal structure was obtained of 1b when bound in the ligand binding domain of GluK1. A domain opening of 13-14° was seen compared to the structure with glutamate, consistent with 1b being an antagonist. A structure-activity relationship study showed that the chemical nature of the tethering atom (C, O, or S) linking the pyrrolidine ring and the phenyl ring plays a key role in the receptor selectivity profile and that substituents on the phenyl ring are well accommodated by the GluK1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patricia M G E Brown
- Bowie Lab, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Derek Bowie
- Bowie Lab, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
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8
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Szymańska E, Chałupnik P, Szczepańska K, Cuñado Moral AM, Pickering DS, Nielsen B, Johansen TN, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel phenylalanine-based amino acids as kainate receptors ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5568-5572. [PMID: 27765511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new series of carboxyaryl-substituted phenylalanines was designed, synthesized and pharmacologically characterized in vitro at native rat ionotropic glutamate receptors as well as at cloned homomeric kainate receptors GluK1-GluK3. Among them, six compounds bound to GluK1 receptor subtypes with reasonable affinity (Ki values in the range of 4.9-7.5μM). A structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the obtained series, focused mainly on the pharmacological effect of structural modifications in the 4- and 5-position of the phenylalanine ring, was established. To illustrate the results, molecular docking of the synthesized series to the X-ray structure of GluK1 ligand binding core was performed. The influence of individual substituents at the phenylalanine ring for both the affinity and selectivity at AMPA, GluK1 and GluK3 receptors was analyzed, giving directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szymańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paulina Chałupnik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ana Maria Cuñado Moral
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Tommy N Johansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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9
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Szymanska E, Frydenvang K, Pickering DS, Krintel C, Nielsen B, Kooshki A, Zachariassen LG, Olsen L, Kastrup JS, Johansen TN. Studies on Aryl-Substituted Phenylalanines: Synthesis, Activity, and Different Binding Modes at AMPA Receptors. J Med Chem 2015; 59:448-61. [PMID: 26653877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of racemic aryl-substituted phenylalanines was synthesized and evaluated in vitro at recombinant rat GluA1-3, at GluK1-3, and at native AMPA receptors. The individual enantiomers of two target compounds, (RS)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dichloro-5-(5-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid 37 and (RS)-2-amino-3-(3'-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)propanoic acid 38, were characterized. (S)-37 and (R)-38 were identified as the only biologically active isomers, both being antagonists at GluA2 receptors with Kb of 1.80 and 3.90 μM, respectively. To address this difference in enantiopharmacology, not previously seen for amino acid-based AMPA receptor antagonists, X-ray crystal structures of both eutomers in complex with the GluA2 ligand binding domain were solved. The cocrystal structures of (S)-37 and (R)-38 showed similar interactions of the amino acid parts but unexpected and different orientations and interactions of the biaromatic parts of the ligands inside the binding site, with (R)-38 having a binding mode not previously identified for amino acid-based antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szymanska
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Krintel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ayesheh Kooshki
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda G Zachariassen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette S Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tommy N Johansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Krogsgaard-Larsen N, Storgaard M, Møller C, Demmer CS, Hansen J, Han L, Monrad RN, Nielsen B, Tapken D, Pickering DS, Kastrup JS, Frydenvang K, Bunch L. Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist (2S,3R)-3-(3-Carboxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic Acid. J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Krogsgaard-Larsen
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Morten Storgaard
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Møller
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Charles S. Demmer
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Hansen
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Liwei Han
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Rune N. Monrad
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tapken
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, ‡Biostructural Research
Group, §Medicinal
Chemistry Group, ∥Molecular, Cellular Pharmacology Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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11
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Sköld N, Nielsen B, Olsen J, Han L, Olsen L, Madsen U, Kristensen JL, Pickering DS, Johansen TN. Design, synthesis and in vitro pharmacology of GluK1 and GluK3 antagonists. Studies towards the design of subtype-selective antagonists through 2-carboxyethyl-phenylalanines with substituents interacting with non-conserved residues in the GluK binding sites. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5368-77. [PMID: 25172149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify compounds selective for the GluK1 and GluK3 subtypes of kainate receptors we have designed and synthesized a series of (S)-2-amino-3-((2-carboxyethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid analogs with hydrogen bond donating and accepting substituents on the aromatic ring. Based on crystal structures of GluK1 in complex with related ligands, the compounds were designed to explore possible interactions with non-conserved residues outside the glutamate ligand binding site and challenge the water binding network. Apart from obtaining GluK1 selective antagonists one analog with a phenyl-substituted urea (compound 31) showed some preference for GluK3 over GluK1-receptors. Docking studies indicate that this preference may be attributed to contacts between the NH of the urea substituent and non-conserved Ser741 and Ser761 residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Sköld
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Olsen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liwei Han
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Olsen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulf Madsen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Kristensen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tommy N Johansen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Rosenberg MG, Billing P, Brecker L, Brinker UH. Bromination and Accompanying Rearrangement of the Polycyclic Oxetane 2,4-Oxytwistane. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8786-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5016129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murray G. Rosenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, United States
| | - Peter Billing
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Udo H. Brinker
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, United States
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13
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Latacz G, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Biotransformation of new racemic (R,S)-5-benzylhydantoin derivatives by D-hydantoinases from adzuki bean. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2014.893578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Liu X, Sun B, Xie Z, Qin X, Liu L, Lou H. Manganese Dioxide–Methanesulfonic Acid Promoted Direct Dehydrogenative Alkylation of sp3 C–H Bonds Adjacent to a Heteroatom. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3104-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xigong Liu
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡National Glycoengineering Research
Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡National Glycoengineering Research
Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Xie
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡National Glycoengineering Research
Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Qin
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡National Glycoengineering Research
Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡National Glycoengineering Research
Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡National Glycoengineering Research
Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
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15
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Poulie CBM, Bunch L. Heterocycles as nonclassical bioisosteres of α-amino acids. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:205-15. [PMID: 23322633 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioisosterism of α-amino acids is often accomplished by replacing the α-carboxylate with one of the many known carboxylic acid bioisosteres. However, bioisosterism of the whole α-amino acid moiety is accomplished with heterocyclic bioisosteres that often display an acidic function. In this Minireview, we summarized the reported heterocycles as nonclassical bioisosteres of α-amino acids, which include quinoxaline-2,4(1H)-dione, quinoxaline-2,3(1H)-dione and quinolin-2(1H)-one, azagrevellin and azepine-derived structures. The binding mode of the crystalized bioisosteres were compared with those of the crystalized α-amino acids that bind in the same domain, and where no data on the crystal structure were available, the displacement studies of known orthosteric ligands were used. The reported bioisosteres share the following essential structural features for mimicking α-amino acids: an aromatic ring system joined to a lactam ring system with an acidic feature next to the lactam carbonyl, where this acidic feature together with the lactam carbonyl can mimic the α-carboxylate, and the lactam nitrogen together with the aromatic ring system can mimic the α-ammonium. The majority of these heterocycles can be prepared from three common corresponding starting materials: the corresponding anilines, isatins or anthranilic esters. The data collected here show the potential of this class of bioisosteres in the design of glutamate receptor ligands and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B M Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Billing P, Brinker UH. Mild one-step synthesis of dibromo compounds from cyclic ethers. J Org Chem 2012; 77:11227-31. [PMID: 23151041 DOI: 10.1021/jo302360t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel one-step method for mildly converting cyclic ethers into dibromo compounds is reported. Alcohols, oximes, aldehydes, and ketones are known to react under Appel or Corey-Fuchs reaction conditions, but apparently these have never been applied to oxetanes or larger cyclic ethers. Treatment of 3,3-dimethyloxetane (1) with tetrabromomethane and triphenylphosphine gave the corresponding dibromo compound 1,3-dibromo-2,2-dimethylpropane (2). The less-strained homologue oxolane (6) was also reacted giving 1,4-dibromobutane (7) in a 93% yield. Mechanistic interpretations are offered to explain the observed reaction rates of the conversions described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Billing
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Venskutonytė R, Frydenvang K, Valadés EA, Szymańska E, Johansen TN, Kastrup JS, Pickering DS. Structural and pharmacological characterization of phenylalanine-based AMPA receptor antagonists at kainate receptors. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1793-8. [PMID: 22407805 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Continued efforts into the discovery of ligands that target ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are important for studies of the physiological roles of the various iGluR subtypes as well as for the search for drugs that can be used in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system. A new series of phenylalanine derivatives that target iGluRs was reported to bind AMPA receptors. Herein we report our studies of these compounds at the kainate receptors GluK1-3. Several compounds bind with micromolar affinity at GluK1 and GluK3, but do not bind GluK2. The crystal structure of the most potent compound in the ligand binding domain of GluK1 revealed different modes of binding to GluK1 and GluA2, due primarily to residues Ser741 (GluK1) and Met729 (GluA2). The compound was shown to be slightly more potent at GluK1 than at AMPA receptors and to induce a domain closure similar to that observed in GluK1 structures with partial agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raminta Venskutonytė
- Department Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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