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Tetrahydroquinoline: an efficient scaffold as mTOR inhibitor for the treatment of lung cancer. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1789-1809. [PMID: 36538021 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts have been made to find an efficient scaffold (and its substitution) that can be used for the treatment of lung cancer via mTOR inhibition. A detailed literature search was carried out for previously reported mTOR inhibitors. The present review is focused on lung cancer; therefore, descriptions of some mTOR inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of lung cancer are provided. Based on previous research findings, tetrahydroquinoline was found to be the most efficient scaffold to be explored for the treatment of lung cancer. A possible efficient substitution of the tetrahydroquinoline scaffold could also be beneficial for the treatment of lung cancer.
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2
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Yu P, Cao W, Yang S, Wang Y, Xia A, Tan X, Wang L. Design, synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel quinazoline analogs in hepatocellular carcinoma cell. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Mao B, Zhang Q, Ma L, Zhao DS, Zhao P, Yan P. Overview of Research into mTOR Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165295. [PMID: 36014530 PMCID: PMC9413691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase (PIKK) family. The kinase exists in the forms of two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and it participates in cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. The kinase activity is closely related to the occurrence and development of multiple human diseases. Inhibitors of mTOR block critical pathways to produce antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and other effects, and they have been applied to research in cancer, inflammation, central nervous system diseases and viral infections. Existing mTOR inhibitors are commonly divided into mTOR allosteric inhibitors, ATP-competitive inhibitors and dual binding site inhibitors, according to their sites of action. In addition, there exist several dual-target mTOR inhibitors that target PI3K, histone deacetylases (HDAC) or ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad-3 related (ATR) kinases. This review focuses on the structure of mTOR protein and related signaling pathways as well as the structure and characteristics of various mTOR inhibitors. Non-rapalog allosteric inhibitors will open new directions for the development of new therapeutics specifically targeting mTORC1. The applications of ATP-competitive inhibitors in central nervous system diseases, viral infections and inflammation have laid the foundation for expanding the indications of mTOR inhibitors. Both dual-binding site inhibitors and dual-target inhibitors are beneficial in overcoming mTOR inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (P.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (P.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Peizheng Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (P.Z.); (P.Y.)
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Frederickson M, Selvam IR, Evangelopoulos D, McLean KJ, Katariya MM, Tunnicliffe RB, Campbell B, Kavanagh ME, Charoensutthivarakul S, Blankley RT, Levy CW, de Carvalho LPS, Leys D, Munro AW, Coyne AG, Abell C. A new strategy for hit generation: Novel in cellulo active inhibitors of CYP121A1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis via a combined X-ray crystallographic and phenotypic screening approach (XP screen). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114105. [PMID: 35065413 PMCID: PMC8856928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for new drugs against tuberculosis (TB) to combat the growing resistance to current antituberculars. Herein a novel strategy is described for hit generation against promising TB targets involving X-ray crystallographic screening in combination with phenotypic screening. This combined approach (XP Screen) affords both a validation of target engagement as well as determination of in cellulo activity. The utility of this method is illustrated by way of an XP Screen against CYP121A1, a cytochrome P450 enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) championed as a validated drug discovery target. A focused screening set was synthesized and tested by such means, with several members of the set showing promising activity against Mtb strain H37Rv. One compound was observed as an X-ray hit against CYP121A1 and showed improved activity against Mtb strain H37Rv under multiple assay conditions (pan-assay activity). Data obtained during X-ray crystallographic screening were utilized in a structure-based campaign to design a limited number of analogues (less than twenty), many of which also showed pan-assay activity against Mtb strain H37Rv. These included the benzo[b][1,4]oxazine derivative (MIC90 6.25 μM), a novel hit compound suitable as a starting point for a more involved hit to lead candidate medicinal chemistry campaign. CYP121 from M.tuberculosis has been previously shown to be a crucial target for the survival of the mycobacteria. Strategies previously employed have identified high affinity inhibitors however these have lacked activity on M.tuberculosis. The strategy reported here uses a combination of X-ray crystallography and phenotypic screening (XP Screen) to identify compounds. The XP screen approach identified a number of compounds which show good affinity (up to 3.2 μM) and MIC against M.tuberculosis (up to 6.25 μM).
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5
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Inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention and Intervention. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081195. [PMID: 34452154 PMCID: PMC8400324 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway has been suggested to have connections with the malignant transformation, growth, proliferation, and metastasis of various cancers and solid tumors. Relevant connections between the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, cell survival, and prostate cancer (PC) provide a great therapeutic target for PC prevention or treatment. Recent studies have focused on small-molecule mTOR inhibitors or their usage in coordination with other therapeutics for PC treatment that are currently undergoing clinical testing. In this study, the function of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, the consequence of its dysregulation, and the development of mTOR inhibitors, either as an individual substance or in combination with other agents, and their clinical implications are discussed. The rationale for targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and specifically the application and potential utility of natural agents involved in PC treatment is described. In addition to the small-molecule mTOR inhibitors, there are evidence that several natural agents are able to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in prostatic neoplasms. These natural mTOR inhibitors can interfere with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway through multiple mechanisms; however, inhibition of Akt and suppression of mTOR 1 activity are two major therapeutic approaches. Combination therapy improves the efficacy of these inhibitors to either suppress the PC progression or circumvent the resistance by cancer cells.
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6
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Zhang M, Wei W, Peng C, Ma X, He X, Zhang H, Zhou M. Discovery of novel pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives as potent mTOR/HDAC bi-functional inhibitors via pharmacophore-merging strategy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 49:128286. [PMID: 34314844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mTOR and HDAC dual suppression is meaningful for counteracting drug resistance resulted from kinase mutation and bypass mechanisms. Herein, we communicate our recent discovery of a novel structural series of mTOR/HDAC bi-functional inhibitors featuring the pyrazolopyrimidine core via pharmacophore-merging strategy. More than half of them exerted potent dual-target inhibitory activities. In particular, compound 50 exhibited IC50 values of 0.49 and 0.91 nM against mTOR and HDAC1, respectively, along with remarkably enhanced anti-proliferative activity (IC50 = 1.74 μM) against MV4-11 cell line than mTOR inhibitor MLN-0128 (IC50 = 5.84 μM) and HDAC inhibitor SAHA (IC50 = 8.44 μM). Its intracellular intervention of both mTOR signaling and HDAC was validated by the Western blot analysis. Moreover, as the first disclosed mTOR/HDAC dual inhibitor with selectivity for some specific HDAC subtypes, it has the potential to alleviate the adverse effects resulted from pan-HDAC inhibition. Attributed to its favorable in vitro performance, compound 50 is valuable for further functional investigation as a polypharmacological anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Chengjun Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Xiao He
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Mingkang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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7
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Xu T, Sun D, Chen Y, Ouyang L. Targeting mTOR for fighting diseases: A revisited review of mTOR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Tian C, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wang X, Liu J. Design and synthesis of (2-(phenylamino)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone analogues as potent anti-tubulin polymerization agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Abdel-Maksoud MS, El-Gamal MI, Benhalilou DR, Ashraf S, Mohammed SA, Oh CH. Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin: Recent pathological aspects and inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:631-664. [PMID: 30251347 DOI: 10.1002/med.21535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as the mechanistic target of rapamycin, regulates many normal cell processes such as transcription, cell growth, and autophagy. Overstimulation of mTOR by its ligands, amino acids, sugars, and/or growth factors leads to physiological disorders, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we reviewed the recent advances regarding the mechanism that involves mTOR in cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. The chemical and biological properties of recently reported small molecules that function as mTOR kinase inhibitors, including adenosine triphosphate-competitive inhibitors and dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors, have also been reviewed. We focused on the reports published in the literature from 2012 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia Reyane Benhalilou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandy Ashraf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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10
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Tian C, Han Z, Li Y, Wang M, Yang J, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,6-disubstituted-9H-purine, 2,4-disubstitued-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine and -7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues as novel CHK1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:836-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Liu Y, Wan WZ, Li Y, Zhou GL, Liu XG. Recent development of ATP-competitive small molecule phosphatidylinostitol-3-kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7181-7200. [PMID: 27769061 PMCID: PMC5351699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinostitol-3-kinase (PI3K) is the potential anticancer target in the PI3K/Akt/ mTOR pathway. Here we reviewed the ATP-competitive small molecule PI3K inhibitors in the past few years, including the pan Class I PI3K inhibitors, the isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors and/or the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China.,Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Zhu Wan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Lian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
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12
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3D-QSAR, molecular dynamics simulations, and molecular docking studies on pyridoaminotropanes and tetrahydroquinazoline as mTOR inhibitors. Mol Divers 2017; 21:741-759. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Mao B, Gao S, Weng Y, Zhang L, Zhang L. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives as mTOR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 129:135-150. [PMID: 28235701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors have been studied as potential antitumor agents. Based on the structure-activity relationship of known mTOR inhibitors, a series of novel imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives were synthesized and characterized. The anti-proliferative activities of these compounds were evaluated by SRB assay against six human cancer cell lines. Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine diaryl urea derivatives A15-A24 exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity especially against non-small cell lung cancer A549 and H460 with IC50 values ranging from 0.02 μM to 20.7 μM. Among them, compounds A17 and A18 showed mTOR inhibitory activity with IC50 of 0.067 μM and 0.062 μM, respectively. A more detailed analysis of compounds A17 and A18 showed that they induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest and suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT and S6 at cellular level. Moreover, obvious anticancer effect of A17 in vivo was observed in established nude mice A549 xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Shanyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yiran Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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14
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Zhou HJ, Wang J, Yao B, Wong S, Djakovic S, Kumar B, Rice J, Valle E, Soriano F, Menon MK, Madriaga A, Kiss von Soly S, Kumar A, Parlati F, Yakes FM, Shawver L, Le Moigne R, Anderson DJ, Rolfe M, Wustrow D. Discovery of a First-in-Class, Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of the p97 AAA ATPase (CB-5083). J Med Chem 2015; 58:9480-97. [PMID: 26565666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The AAA-ATPase p97 plays vital roles in mechanisms of protein homeostasis, including ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) mediated protein degradation, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), and autophagy. Herein we describe our lead optimization efforts focused on in vitro potency, ADME, and pharmaceutical properties that led to the discovery of a potent, ATP-competitive, D2-selective, and orally bioavailable p97 inhibitor 71, CB-5083. Treatment of tumor cells with 71 leads to significant accumulation of markers associated with inhibition of UPS and ERAD functions, which induces irresolvable proteotoxic stress and cell death. In tumor bearing mice, oral administration of 71 causes rapid accumulation of markers of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and subsequently induces apoptosis leading to sustained antitumor activity in in vivo xenograft models of both solid and hematological tumors. 71 has been taken into phase 1 clinical trials in patients with multiple myeloma and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jie Zhou
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Bing Yao
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Steve Wong
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Stevan Djakovic
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Brajesh Kumar
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Julie Rice
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Eduardo Valle
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Ferdie Soriano
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Mary-Kamala Menon
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Antonett Madriaga
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | | | - Abhinav Kumar
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Francesco Parlati
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - F Michael Yakes
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Laura Shawver
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Ronan Le Moigne
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Daniel J Anderson
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Mark Rolfe
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - David Wustrow
- Cleave Biosciences Inc. , 866 Malcom Road, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
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15
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Ma X, Lv X, Qiu N, Yang B, He Q, Hu Y. Discovery of novel quinoline-based mTOR inhibitors via introducing intra-molecular hydrogen bonding scaffold (iMHBS): The design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7585-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Zhu W, Sun C, Xu S, Wu C, Wu J, Xu M, Zhao H, Chen L, Zeng W, Zheng P. Design, synthesis, anticancer activity and docking studies of novel 4-morpholino-7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as mTOR inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 22:6746-54. [PMID: 25468038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives (7a-q, 10a-q) were designed, synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and HRMS spectrum.All the compounds were evaluated for the inhibitory activity against mTOR kinase at 10 μM level. Five selected compounds (7b, 7e, 7h, 10b and 10e) were further evaluated for the inhibitory activity against PI3Ka at 10 μM level, and the IC50 values against mTOR kinase and two cancer cell lines. Twelve of the target compounds exhibited moderate antitumor activities. The most promising compound 7e showed strong antitumor activities against mTOR kinase, H460 and PC-3 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.80 ± 0.15 μM, 7.43 ± 1.45 μM and 11.90 ± 0.94 μM, which were 1.28 to 1.71-fold more active than BMCL-200908069-1 (1.37 ± 0.07 μM, 9.52 ± 0.29 μM, 16.27 ± 0.54 μM), respectively. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) and docking studies indicated that the thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds exerted little effect on antitumor activities of target compounds. Substitutions of aryl group at C-4 position had a significant impact on the antitumor activities, and 4-OH substitution produced the best potency.
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhang K, Zhao M, Zhang L, Qin M, Guo S, Zhao Y, Gong P. Discovery of a novel class anti-proliferative agents and potential inhibitors of EGFR tyrosine kinases based on 4-anilinotetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold: Design, synthesis and biological evaluations. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4591-4607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Andrs M, Korabecny J, Jun D, Hodny Z, Bartek J, Kuca K. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) inhibitors: importance of the morpholine ring. J Med Chem 2014; 58:41-71. [PMID: 25387153 DOI: 10.1021/jm501026z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs) are two related families of kinases that play key roles in regulation of cell proliferation, metabolism, migration, survival, and responses to diverse stresses including DNA damage. To design novel efficient strategies for treatment of cancer and other diseases, these kinases have been extensively studied. Despite their different nature, these two kinase families have related origin and share very similar kinase domains. Therefore, chemical inhibitors of these kinases usually carry analogous structural motifs. The most common feature of these inhibitors is a critical hydrogen bond to morpholine oxygen, initially present in the early nonspecific PI3K and PIKK inhibitor 3 (LY294002), which served as a valuable chemical tool for development of many additional PI3K and PIKK inhibitors. While several PI3K pathway inhibitors have recently shown promising clinical responses, inhibitors of the DNA damage-related PIKKs remain thus far largely in preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andrs
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 81, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Pasquier B, El-Ahmad Y, Filoche-Rommé B, Dureuil C, Fassy F, Abecassis PY, Mathieu M, Bertrand T, Benard T, Barrière C, El Batti S, Letallec JP, Sonnefraud V, Brollo M, Delbarre L, Loyau V, Pilorge F, Bertin L, Richepin P, Arigon J, Labrosse JR, Clément J, Durand F, Combet R, Perraut P, Leroy V, Gay F, Lefrançois D, Bretin F, Marquette JP, Michot N, Caron A, Castell C, Schio L, McCort G, Goulaouic H, Garcia-Echeverria C, Ronan B. Discovery of (2S)-8-[(3R)-3-Methylmorpholin-4-yl]-1-(3-methyl-2-oxobutyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-one: A Novel Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Vps34 for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. J Med Chem 2014; 58:376-400. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5013352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jérôme Arigon
- Lead Generation Candidate Realization (LGCR C&BD), Sanofi, 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Robert Labrosse
- Lead Generation Candidate Realization (LGCR C&BD), Sanofi, 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Clément
- Lead Generation Candidate Realization (LGCR C&BD), Sanofi, 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Durand
- Lead Generation Candidate Realization (LGCR C&BD), Sanofi, 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Combet
- Lead Generation Candidate Realization (LGCR C&BD), Sanofi, 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Perraut
- Lead Generation Candidate Realization (LGCR C&BD), Sanofi, 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
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20
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Multimodal microvascular imaging reveals that selective inhibition of class I PI3K is sufficient to induce an antivascular response. Neoplasia 2014; 15:694-711. [PMID: 23814482 DOI: 10.1593/neo.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a central mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-driven angiogenesis. The discovery of small molecule inhibitors that selectively target PI3K or PI3K and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) provides an opportunity to pharmacologically determine the contribution of these key signaling nodes in VEGF-A-driven tumor angiogenesis in vivo. This study used an array of micro-vascular imaging techniques to monitor the antivascular effects of selective class I PI3K, mTOR, or dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in colorectal and prostate cancer xenograft models. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) angiography, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), vessel size index (VSI) MRI, and DCE ultrasound (DCE-U/S) were employed to quantitatively evaluate the vascular (structural and physiological) response to these inhibitors. GDC-0980, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, was found to reduce micro-CT angiography vascular density, while VSI MRI demonstrated a significant reduction in vessel density and an increase in mean vessel size, consistent with a loss of small functional vessels and a substantial antivascular response. DCE-MRI showed that GDC-0980 produces a strong functional response by decreasing the vascular permeability/perfusion-related parameter, K (trans). Interestingly, comparable antivascular effects were observed for both GDC-980 and GNE-490 (a selective class I PI3K inhibitor). In addition, mTOR-selective inhibitors did not affect vascular density, suggesting that PI3K inhibition is sufficient to generate structural changes, characteristic of a robust antivascular response. This study supports the use of noninvasive microvascular imaging techniques (DCE-MRI, VSI MRI, DCE-U/S) as pharmacodynamic assays to quantitatively measure the activity of PI3K and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in vivo.
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21
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Lee W, Ortwine DF, Bergeron P, Lau K, Lin L, Malek S, Nonomiya J, Pei Z, Robarge KD, Schmidt S, Sideris S, Lyssikatos JP. A hit to lead discovery of novel N-methylated imidazolo-, pyrrolo-, and pyrazolo-pyrimidines as potent and selective mTOR inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5097-104. [PMID: 23932790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-7-methyl-imidazolopyrimidine inhibitors of the mTOR kinase have been designed and prepared, based on the hypothesis that the N-7-methyl substituent on imidazolopyrimidine would impart selectivity for mTOR over the related PI3Kα and δ kinases. The corresponding N-Me substituted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines also show potent mTOR inhibition with selectivity toward both PI3α and δ kinases. The most potent compound synthesized is pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine 21c. Compound 21c shows a Ki of 2 nM against mTOR inhibition, remarkable selectivity (>2900×) over PI3 kinases, and excellent potency in cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Lee
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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22
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Lv X, Ma X, Hu Y. Furthering the design and the discovery of small molecule ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors as an effective cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:991-1012. [PMID: 23668243 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.800479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase, which is the key component of two distinct signaling complexes in cells; these complexes are the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and the mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Given the importance of these complexes in cellular growth, survival, motility, proliferation, protein synthesis and transcription, it is not surprising that they are impacted in multiple types of cancer. Studies on a number of ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors have suggested that these inhibitors have a therapeutic superiority to rapalogs (rapamycin analogs) in a number of cancers. AREAS COVERED This review provides insight into the binding of mTOR inhibitors with the ATP-binding site, for the benefit of future mTOR inhibitor design and discovery. The authors, furthermore, deduce that a hypothetical binding mode is from docking studies, co-crystal structures and the structure-activity relationships (SARs). The authors also highlight the preclinical and clinical development of hit/lead compounds, and the selectivity for representative mTOR inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION The structural analysis of mTOR is hampered by its large size and complexity. Further exploration of mTOR inhibitors may therefore require the combination of structure-based drug design (SBDD, based on the mTOR homology models), fragment-based drug design (FBDD) and analog synthesis. Recent studies suggested that the global inhibition of PI3Ks may be harmful to organisms. Therefore, the future discovery of dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors needs to ensure that inhibitors are both efficacious and have reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lv
- Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Hangzhou 310058, China
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23
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Estrada AA, Shore DG, Blackwood E, Chen YH, Deshmukh G, Ding X, DiPasquale AG, Epler JA, Friedman LS, Koehler MFT, Liu L, Malek S, Nonomiya J, Ortwine DF, Pei Z, Sideris S, St-Jean F, Trinh L, Truong T, Lyssikatos JP. Pyrimidoaminotropanes as Potent, Selective, and Efficacious Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR). J Med Chem 2013; 56:3090-101. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400194n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio G. DiPasquale
- X-ray Crystallographic Facility, University of California—Berkeley, 32 Lewis
Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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24
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Pei Z, Blackwood E, Liu L, Malek S, Belvin M, Koehler MT, Ortwine DF, Chen H, Cohen F, Kenny JR, Bergeron P, Lau K, Ly C, Zhao X, Estrada A, Truong T, Epler JA, Nonomiya J, Trinh L, Sideris S, Lesnick J, Bao L, Vijapurkar U, Mukadam S, Tay S, Deshmukh G, Chen YH, Ding X, Friedman L, Lyssikatos JP. Discovery and Biological Profiling of Potent and Selective mTOR Inhibitor GDC-0349. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:103-7. [PMID: 24900569 PMCID: PMC4027466 DOI: 10.1021/ml3003132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway has been observed in human tumors and tumor cell lines, indicating that these protein kinases may be attractive therapeutic targets for treating cancer. Optimization of advanced lead 1 culminated in the discovery of clinical development candidate 8h, GDC-0349, a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR. GDC-0349 demonstrates pathway modulation and dose-dependent efficacy in mouse xenograft cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Pei
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Elizabeth Blackwood
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lichuan Liu
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shiva Malek
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marcia Belvin
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Michael
F. T. Koehler
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel F. Ortwine
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Huifen Chen
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Frederick Cohen
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jane R. Kenny
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Philippe Bergeron
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Lau
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cuong Ly
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xianrui Zhao
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Anthony
A. Estrada
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tom Truong
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Epler
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jim Nonomiya
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lan Trinh
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steve Sideris
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Lesnick
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Linda Bao
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ulka Vijapurkar
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sophie Mukadam
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Suzanne Tay
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gauri Deshmukh
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiao Ding
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lori
S. Friedman
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph P. Lyssikatos
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Translational Oncology, DMPK, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
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