1
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Ge H, Ji B, Fang J, Wang J, Li J, Wang J. Discovery of Potent and Selective CB2 Agonists Utilizing a Function-Based Computational Screening Protocol. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3941-3958. [PMID: 37823773 PMCID: PMC10623575 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the identification of agonists and antagonists represents a great challenge in computer-aided drug design. In this work, we developed a computational protocol enabling us to design/screen novel chemicals that are likely to serve as selective CB2 agonists. The principle of this protocol is that by calculating the ligand-residue interaction profile (LRIP) of a ligand binding to a specific target, the agonist-antagonist function of a compound is then able to be determined after statistical analysis and free energy calculations. This computational protocol was successfully applied in CB2 agonist development starting from a lead compound, and a success rate of 70% was achieved. The functions of the synthesized derivatives were determined by in vitro functional assays. Moreover, the identified potent CB2 agonists and antagonists strongly interact with the key residues identified using the already known potent CB2 agonists/antagonists. The analysis of the interaction profile of compound 6, a potent agonist, showed strong interactions with F2.61, I186, and F2.64, while compound 39, a potent antagonist, showed strong interactions with L17, W6.48, V6.51, and C7.42. Still, some residues including V3.32, T3.33, S7.39, F183, W5.43, and I3.29 are hotspots for both CB2 agonists and antagonists. More significantly, we identified three hotspot residues in the loop, including I186 for agonists, L17 for antagonists, and F183 for both. These hotspot residues are typically not considered in CB1/CB2 rational ligand design. In conclusion, LRIP is a useful concept in rationally designing a compound to possess a certain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Ge
- School
of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Beihong Ji
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening
Center, School of Pharmacy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jiahui Fang
- Chinese
Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National
Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiayang Wang
- School
of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Chinese
Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National
Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening
Center, School of Pharmacy, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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2
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Raïch I, Rebassa JB, Lillo J, Cordomi A, Rivas-Santisteban R, Lillo A, Reyes-Resina I, Franco R, Navarro G. Antagonization of OX 1 Receptor Potentiates CB 2 Receptor Function in Microglia from APP Sw/Ind Mice Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12801. [PMID: 36361598 PMCID: PMC9656664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microdialysis assays demonstrated a possible role of orexin in the regulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aß) levels in the hippocampal interstitial fluid in the APP transgenic model. CB2R is overexpressed in activated microglia, showing a neuroprotective effect. These two receptors may interact, forming CB2-OX1-Hets and becoming a new target to combat Alzheimer's disease. Aims: Demonstrate the potential role of CB2-OX1-Hets expression and function in microglia from animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Receptor heteromer expression was detected by immunocytochemistry, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and proximity ligation assay (PLA) in transfected HEK-293T cells and microglia primary cultures. Quantitation of signal transduction events in a heterologous system and in microglia cells was performed using the AlphaScreen® SureFire® kit, western blot, the GCaMP6 calcium sensor and the Lance Ultra cAMP kit (PerkinElmer). The formation of CB2-OX1 receptor complexes in transfected HEK-293T cells has been demonstrated. The tetrameric complex is constituted by one CB2R homodimer, one OX1R homodimer and two G proteins, a Gi and a Gq. The use of TAT interfering peptides showed that the CB2-OX1 receptor complex interface is TM4-TM5. At the functional level it has been observed that the OX1R antagonist, SB334867, potentiates the action induced by CB2R agonist JWH133. This effect is observed in transfected HEK-293T cells and microglia, and it is stronger in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal model APPSw/Ind where the expression of the complex assessed by the proximity ligation assay indicates an increase in the number of complexes compared to resting microglia. The CB2-OX1 receptor complex is overexpressed in microglia from AD animal models where OX1R antagonists potentiate the neuroprotective actions of CB2R activation. Taken together, these results point to OX1R antagonists as drugs with therapeutic potential to combat AD. Data access statement: Raw data will be provided by the corresponding author upon reasonable requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iu Raïch
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Biel Rebassa
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Teng Q, Sun G, Luo S, Wang K, Liang F. Design, syntheses and antitumor activities evaluation of 1,5‐diaryl substituted pyrazole secnidazole ester derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Hu Teng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Gui‐Xia Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Shu‐Ying Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Fu‐Pei Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
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4
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Tricyclic Pyrazole-Based Compounds as Useful Scaffolds for Cannabinoid CB 1/CB 2 Receptor Interaction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082126. [PMID: 33917187 PMCID: PMC8068016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids comprise different classes of compounds, which aroused interest in recent years because of their several pharmacological properties. Such properties include analgesic activity, bodyweight reduction, the antiemetic effect, the reduction of intraocular pressure and many others, which appear correlated to the affinity of cannabinoids towards CB1 and/or CB2 receptors. Within the search aiming to identify novel chemical scaffolds for cannabinoid receptor interaction, the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist pyrazole-based derivative rimonabant has been modified, giving rise to several tricyclic pyrazole-based compounds, most of which endowed of high affinity and selectivity for CB1 or CB2 receptors. The aim of this review is to present the synthesis and summarize the SAR study of such tricyclic pyrazole-based compounds, evidencing, for some derivatives, their potential in the treatment of neuropathic pain, obesity or in the management of glaucoma.
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhang TJ, Li XY, Liang JW, Tu S, Xu HL, Xue WH, Qian XH, Zhang ZH, Zhang X, Meng FH. 2-((1-Phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one derivatives: Simplification and modification of aconitine scaffold for the discovery of novel anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112988. [PMID: 33189438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a promising target for cancer therapy. Natural product aconitine is a potential Hsp90 inhibitor reported in our previous work. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of 2-((1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one derivatives as potent Hsp90 inhibitors by simplifying and modifying aconitine scaffold. Among these compounds, 14t exhibited an excellent antiproliferative activity against LoVo cells with an IC50 value of 0.02 μM and a significant Hsp90α inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.71 nM. Molecular docking studies provided a rational binding model of 14t in complex with Hsp90α. The following cell cycle and apoptosis assays revealed that compound 14t could arrest cell cycle at G1/S phase and induce cell apoptosis via up-regulation of bax and cleaved-caspase 3 protein expressions while inhibiting the expressions of bcl-2. Moreover, 14t could inhibit cell migration in LoVo and SW620 cell lines. Consistent with in vitro results, 14t significantly repressed tumor growth in the SW620 xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ting-Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xin-Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jing-Wei Liang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shun Tu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Hai-Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wen-Han Xue
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xin-Hua Qian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhen-Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Fan-Hao Meng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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6
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Isawi IH, Morales P, Sotudeh N, Hurst DP, Lynch DL, Reggio PH. GPR6 Structural Insights: Homology Model Construction and Docking Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030725. [PMID: 32046081 PMCID: PMC7037797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR6 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that has been associated with the cannabinoid family because of its recognition of a sub-set of cannabinoid ligands. The high abundance of GPR6 in the central nervous system, along with high constitutive activity and a link to several neurodegenerative diseases make GPR6 a promising biological target. In fact, diverse research groups have demonstrated that GPR6 represents a possible target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Several patents have claimed the use of a wide range of pyrazine derivatives as GPR6 inverse agonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease symptoms and other dyskinesia syndromes. However, the full pharmacological importance of GPR6 has not yet been fully explored due to the lack of high potency, readily available ligands targeting GPR6. The long-term goal of the present study is to develop such ligands. In this paper, we describe our initial steps towards this goal. A human GPR6 homology model was constructed using a suite of computational techniques. This model permitted the identification of unique GPR6 structural features and the exploration of the GPR6 binding crevice. A subset of patented pyrazine analogs were docked in the resultant GPR6 inactive state model to validate the model, rationalize the structure-activity relationships from the reported patents and identify the key residues in the binding crevice for ligand recognition. We will take this structural knowledge into the next phase of GPR6 project, in which scaffold hopping will be used to design new GPR6 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa H. Isawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (I.H.I.); (D.P.H.); (D.L.L.)
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Medica (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Noori Sotudeh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Dow P. Hurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (I.H.I.); (D.P.H.); (D.L.L.)
| | - Diane L. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (I.H.I.); (D.P.H.); (D.L.L.)
| | - Patricia H. Reggio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (I.H.I.); (D.P.H.); (D.L.L.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Ragusa G, Bencivenni S, Morales P, Callaway T, Hurst DP, Asproni B, Merighi S, Loriga G, Pinna GA, Reggio PH, Gessi S, Murineddu G. Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Docking Studies of Novel Pyridazinone-Based Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Ligands. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1102-1114. [PMID: 29575721 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2 R) have emerged as promising therapeutic targets in a wide variety of diseases. Selective ligands of CB2 R are devoid of the psychoactive effects typically observed for CB1 R ligands. Based on our recent studies on a class of pyridazinone 4-carboxamides, further structural modifications of the pyridazinone core were made to better investigate the structure-activity relationships for this promising scaffold with the aim to develop potent CB2 R ligands. In binding assays, two of the new synthesized compounds [6-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-cis-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carboxamide (2) and 6-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-cis-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-3-oxo-2-pentyl-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carboxamide (22)] showed high CB2 R affinity, with Ki values of 2.1 and 1.6 nm, respectively. In addition, functional assays of these compounds and other new active related derivatives revealed their pharmacological profiles as CB2 R inverse agonists. Compound 22 displayed the highest CB2 R selectivity and potency, presenting a favorable in silico pharmacokinetic profile. Furthermore, a molecular modeling study revealed how 22 produces inverse agonism through blocking the movement of the toggle-switch residue, W6.48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ragusa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Serena Bencivenni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paula Morales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Tyra Callaway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Dow P Hurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Battistina Asproni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loriga
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 09010 Pula, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gerard A Pinna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Patricia H Reggio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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8
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Tuo W, Bollier M, Leleu-Chavain N, Lemaire L, Barczyk A, Dezitter X, Klupsch F, Szczepanski F, Spencer J, Chavatte P, Millet R. Development of novel oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines as competitive CB2 neutral antagonists based on scaffold hopping. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Brylinski M. Aromatic interactions at the ligand-protein interface: Implications for the development of docking scoring functions. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:380-390. [PMID: 28816025 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to design and fine-tune non-covalent interactions between organic ligands and proteins is indispensable to rational drug development. Aromatic stacking has long been recognized as one of the key constituents of ligand-protein interfaces. In this communication, we employ a two-parameter geometric model to conduct a large-scale statistical analysis of aromatic contacts in the experimental and computer-generated structures of ligand-protein complexes, considering various combinations of aromatic amino acid residues and ligand rings. The geometry of interfacial π-π stacking in crystal structures accords with experimental and theoretical data collected for simple systems, such as the benzene dimer. Many contemporary ligand docking programs implicitly treat aromatic stacking with van der Waals and Coulombic potentials. Although this approach generally provides a sufficient specificity to model aromatic interactions, the geometry of π-π contacts in high-scoring docking conformations could still be improved. The comprehensive analysis of aromatic geometries at ligand-protein interfaces lies the foundation for the development of type-specific statistical potentials to more accurately describe aromatic interactions in molecular docking. A Perl script to detect and calculate the geometric parameters of aromatic interactions in ligand-protein complexes is available at https://github.com/michal-brylinski/earomatic. The dataset comprising experimental complex structures and computer-generated models is available at https://osf.io/rztha/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Brylinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,Center for Computation & Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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10
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Ragusa G, Gómez-Cañas M, Morales P, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Pazos MR, Asproni B, Cichero E, Fossa P, Pinna GA, Jagerovic N, Fernández-Ruiz J, Murineddu G. New pyridazinone-4-carboxamides as new cannabinoid receptor type-2 inverse agonists: Synthesis, pharmacological data and molecular docking. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:398-412. [PMID: 28088085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R) selective ligands have shown a great potential as novel therapeutic drugs in several diseases. With the aim of discovering new selective cannabinoid ligands, a series of pyridazinone-4-carboxamides was designed and synthesized, and the new derivatives tested for their affinity toward the hCB1R and hCB2R. The 6-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N-(cis-4-methylcyclohexyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carboxamide (9) displayed high CB2-affinity (KiCB2 = 2.0 ± 0.81 nM) and a notable selectivity (KiCB1/KiCB2 > 2000). In addition, 9 and other active new synthesized entities have demonstrated to behave as CB2R inverse agonists in [35S]-GTPγS binding assay. ADME predictions of the newly synthesized CB2R ligands suggest a favourable pharmacokinetic profile. Docking studies disclosed the specific pattern of interactions of these derivatives. Our results support that pyridazinone-4-carboxamides represent a new promising scaffold for the development of potent and selective CB2R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ragusa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - María Gómez-Cañas
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cueto
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María R Pazos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Battistina Asproni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gerard A Pinna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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11
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Dore A, Asproni B, Scampuddu A, Gessi S, Murineddu G, Cichero E, Fossa P, Merighi S, Bencivenni S, Pinna GA. Synthesis, molecular modeling and SAR study of novel pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridines as CB 2 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5291-5301. [PMID: 27624523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for the affinity at CB1 and CB2 receptors. Based on the AgOTf and proline-cocatalyzed multicomponent methodology, the ethyl 5-(p-tolyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylate (12) and ethyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylate (13) intermediates were synthesized from the appropriate o-alkynylaldehydes, p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide and ethyl pyruvate. Most of the novel compounds feature a p-tolyl (8a-i) or a 2,4-dichlorophenyl (8j) motif at the C5-position of the tricyclic pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine scaffold. Structural variation on the carboxamide moiety at the C2-position includes basic monocyclic, terpenoid and adamantine-based amines. Among these derivatives, compound 8h (N-adamant-1-yl-5-(p-tolyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxamide) exhibited the highest CB2 receptor affinity (Ki=33nM) and a high degree of selectivity (KiCB1/KiCB2=173:1), whereas a similar trend in the near nM range was seen for the bornyl analogue (compound 8f, Ki=53nM) and the myrtanyl derivative 8j (Ki=67nM). Effects of 8h, 8f and 8j on forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels were determined, showing antagonist/inverse agonist properties for such compounds. Docking studies conducted for these derivatives and the reference antagonist/inverse agonist compound 4 (SR144528) disclosed the specific pattern of interactions probably related to the pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine scaffold as CB2 inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dore
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Battistina Asproni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alessia Scampuddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Serena Bencivenni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gérard A Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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12
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Lazzari P, Distinto R, Manca I, Baillie G, Murineddu G, Pira M, Falzoi M, Sani M, Morales P, Ross R, Zanda M, Jagerovic N, Pinna GA. A critical review of both the synthesis approach and the receptor profile of the 8-chloro-1-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-N-piperidin-1-yl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide and analogue derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:194-208. [PMID: 27240274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
8-Chloro-1-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-N-piperidin-1-yl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide 9a was discovered as potent and selective CB1 antagonist by part of our group few years ago. In particular it was reported to have an affinity towards the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), expressed as Ki, of 0.00035 nM. Nevertheless significantly divergent data were reported for the same compound from other laboratories. To unequivocally define the receptor profile of 9a, we have critically reviewed both its synthesis approach and binding data. Here we report that, in contrast to our previously reported data, 9a showed a Ki value for CB1R in the order of nanomolar rather than of fentomolar range. The new determined receptor profile of 9a was also ascertained for analogue derivatives 9b-i, as well as for 12. Moreover, the structural features of the synthesized compounds necessary for CB1R were investigated. Amongst the novel series, effects on CB1R intrinsic activity was highlighted due to the substituents at the position 3 of the pyrazole ring of the 1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole scaffold. Although the cannabinoid receptor profile of 9a was reviewed in this work, the relevance of this compound in CB1R antagonist based drug discovery is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lazzari
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, CA, Italy.
| | - Rita Distinto
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Ilaria Manca
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Gemma Baillie
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marilena Pira
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Matteo Falzoi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Lab. Genetica, Università di Cagliari, Via T.Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Monica Sani
- KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, CA, Italy; C.N.R. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Ross
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; C.N.R. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gérard Aimè Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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13
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Wahl JM, Pöthig A, Bach T. Pyrrole as a Directing Group: Regioselective Pd(II)-Catalyzed Alkylation and Benzylation at the Benzene Core of 2-Phenylpyrroles. Org Lett 2016; 18:852-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M. Wahl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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14
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Ragusa G, Gómez-Cañas M, Morales P, Hurst DP, Deligia F, Pazos R, Pinna GA, Fernández-Ruiz J, Goya P, Reggio PH, Jagerovic N, García-Arencibia M, Murineddu G. Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and docking studies of pyrrole structure-based CB2 receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26209834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the last years, there has been a continuous interest in the development of cannabinoid receptor ligands that may serve as therapeutic agents and/or as experimental tools. This prompted us to design and synthesize analogues of the CB2 receptor antagonist N-fenchyl-5-(4-chloro-3-methyl-phenyl)-1-(4-methyl-benzyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR144528). The structural modifications involved the bioisosteric replacement of the pyrazole ring by a pyrrole ring and variations on the amine carbamoyl substituents. Two of these compounds, the fenchyl pyrrole analogue 6 and the myrtanyl derivative 10, showed high affinity (Ki in the low nM range) and selectivity for the CB2 receptor and both resulted to be antagonists/inverse agonists in [(35)S]-GTPγS binding analysis and in an in vitro CB2 receptor bioassay. Cannabinoid receptor binding data of the series allowed identifying steric constraints within the CB2 binding pocket using a study of Van der Waals' volume maps. Glide docking studies revealed that all docked compounds bind in the same region of the CB2 receptor inactive state model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ragusa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - María Gómez-Cañas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI-Moncloa), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dow P Hurst
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Francesco Deligia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ruth Pazos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI-Moncloa), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard A Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI-Moncloa), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Goya
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia H Reggio
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Moisés García-Arencibia
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI-Moncloa), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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15
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Picone RP, Kendall DA. Minireview: From the bench, toward the clinic: therapeutic opportunities for cannabinoid receptor modulation. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:801-13. [PMID: 25866875 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of cannabinoids have been known for centuries and over the past several decades two G protein-coupled receptors, CB1 and CB2, that are responsible for their activity have been identified. Endogenous lipid-derived cannabinergic agents have been found, biosynthetic and catabolic machinery has been characterized, and synthetic agents have been designed to modulate these receptors. Selective agents including agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists, and novel allosteric modulators targeting either CB1 or CB2 have been developed to inhibit or augment their basal tone. As a result, the role these receptors play in human physiology and their potential therapeutic applications in disease states are being elucidated. The CB1 receptor, although ubiquitous, is densely expressed in the brain, and CB2 is largely found on cells of immune origin. This minireview highlights the role of CB1 in excitotoxic assaults in the brain and its potential to limit addiction liability. In addition, it will examine the relationship between receptor activity and stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic β-cells, insulin resistance, and feeding behavior leading toward obesity. The roles of CB2 in the neuropathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in the central manifestations of chronic HIV infection potentially converge at inflammatory cell activation, thereby providing an opportunity for intervention. Last, CB2 modulation is discussed in the context of an experimental model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Achieving exquisite receptor selectivity and elucidating the mechanisms underlying receptor inhibition and activation will be essential for the development of the next generation of cannabinergic-based therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Picone
- Clinical Development (R.P.P.), Medical and Regulatory Affairs, Novo Nordisk Inc, Plainsboro, New Jersey 08536; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.A.K.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092
| | - Debra A Kendall
- Clinical Development (R.P.P.), Medical and Regulatory Affairs, Novo Nordisk Inc, Plainsboro, New Jersey 08536; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.A.K.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092
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16
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Bertini S, Parkkari T, Savinainen JR, Arena C, Saccomanni G, Saguto S, Ligresti A, Allarà M, Bruno A, Marinelli L, Di Marzo V, Novellino E, Manera C, Macchia M. Synthesis, biological activity and molecular modeling of new biphenylic carboxamides as potent and selective CB2 receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:526-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Cichero E, Menozzi G, Guariento S, Fossa P. Ligand-based homology modelling of the human CB2 receptor SR144528 antagonist binding site: a computational approach to explore the 1,5-diaryl pyrazole scaffold. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00333d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SR144528 docking mode into the LBHM of the human CB2 receptor antagonist binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Genoa
- 3 - 16132 Genoa
- Italy
| | - Giulia Menozzi
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Genoa
- 3 - 16132 Genoa
- Italy
| | - Sara Guariento
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Genoa
- 3 - 16132 Genoa
- Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Genoa
- 3 - 16132 Genoa
- Italy
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18
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Feng Z, Alqarni MH, Yang P, Tong Q, Chowdhury A, Wang L, Xie XQ. Modeling, molecular dynamics simulation, and mutation validation for structure of cannabinoid receptor 2 based on known crystal structures of GPCRs. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2483-99. [PMID: 25141027 PMCID: PMC4170816 DOI: 10.1021/ci5002718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) plays an important role in the immune system. Although a few of GPCRs crystallographic structures have been reported, it is still challenging to obtain functional transmembrane proteins and high resolution X-ray crystal structures, such as for the CB2 receptor. In the present work, we used 10 reported crystal structures of GPCRs which had high sequence identities with CB2 to construct homology-based comparative CB2 models. We applied these 10 models to perform a prescreen by using a training set consisting of 20 CB2 active compounds and 980 compounds randomly selected from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) database. We then utilized the known 170 cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) or CB2 selective compounds for further validation. Based on the docking results, we selected one CB2 model (constructed by β1AR) that was most consistent with the known experimental data, revealing that the defined binding pocket in our CB2 model was well-correlated with the training and testing data studies. Importantly, we identified a potential allosteric binding pocket adjacent to the orthosteric ligand-binding site, which is similar to the reported allosteric pocket for sodium ion Na(+) in the A2AAR and the δ-opioid receptor. Our studies in correlation of our data with others suggested that sodium may reduce the binding affinities of endogenous agonists or its analogs to CB2. We performed a series of docking studies to compare the important residues in the binding pockets of CB2 with CB1, including antagonist, agonist, and our CB2 neutral compound (neutral antagonist) XIE35-1001. Then, we carried out 50 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for the CB2 docked with SR144528 and CP55940, respectively. We found that the conformational changes of CB2 upon antagonist/agonist binding were congruent with recent reports of those for other GPCRs. Based on these results, we further examined one known residue, Val113(3.32), and predicted two new residues, Phe183 in ECL2 and Phe281(7.35), that were important for SR144528 and CP55940 binding to CB2. We then performed site-directed mutation experimental study for these residues and validated the predictions by radiometric binding affinity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Feng
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, Computational Drug Abuse Research
Center, Drug Discovery Institute, and Department of Computational Biology and Department
of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mohammed Hamed Alqarni
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, Computational Drug Abuse Research
Center, Drug Discovery Institute, and Department of Computational Biology and Department
of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Peng Yang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, Computational Drug Abuse Research
Center, Drug Discovery Institute, and Department of Computational Biology and Department
of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Qin Tong
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, Computational Drug Abuse Research
Center, Drug Discovery Institute, and Department of Computational Biology and Department
of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ananda Chowdhury
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, Computational Drug Abuse Research
Center, Drug Discovery Institute, and Department of Computational Biology and Department
of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, Computational Drug Abuse Research
Center, Drug Discovery Institute, and Department of Computational Biology and Department
of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, Computational Drug Abuse Research
Center, Drug Discovery Institute, and Department of Computational Biology and Department
of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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