1
|
McVeigh MS, Sorrentino JP, Hands AT, Garg NK. Access to Complex Scaffolds Through [2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Strained Cyclic Allenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15420-15427. [PMID: 38768558 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We report the strain-induced [2 + 2] cycloadditions of cyclic allenes for the assembly of highly substituted cyclobutanes. By judicious choice of trapping agent, complex scaffolds bearing heteroatoms, fused rings, contiguous stereocenters, spirocycles, and quaternary centers are ultimately accessible. Moreover, we show that the resulting cycloadducts can undergo thermal isomerization. This study provides an alternative strategy to photochemical [2 + 2] cycloadditions for accessing highly functionalized cyclobutanes, while validating the use of underexplored strained intermediates for the assembly of complex architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S McVeigh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacob P Sorrentino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Allison T Hands
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdollahzadeh Hamzekalayi MR, Hooshyari Ardakani M, Moeini Z, Rezaei R, Hamidi N, Rezaei Somee L, Zolfaghar M, Darzi R, Kamalipourazad M, Riazi G, Meknatkhah S. A systematic review of novel cannabinoids and their targets: Insights into the significance of structure in activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176679. [PMID: 38821167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
To provide a comprehensive framework of the current information on the potency and efficacy of interaction between phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids and their respective receptors, an electronic search of the PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE literature was performed. Experimental studies included reports of mechanistic data providing affinity, efficacy, and half-maximal effective concentration (EC50). Among the 108 included studies, 174 structures, and 16 targets were extracted. The most frequent ligands belonged to the miscellaneous category with 40.2% followed by phytocannabinoid-similar, indole-similar, and pyrrole-similar structures with an abundance of 17.8%, 16.6%, and 12% respectively. 64.8% of structures acted as agonists, 17.1 % appeared as inverse agonists, 10.8% as antagonists, and 7.2% of structures were reported with antagonist/inverse agonist properties. Our outcomes identify the affinity, EC50, and efficacy of the interactions between cannabinoids and their corresponding receptors and the subsequent response, evaluated in the available evidence. Considering structures' significance and very important effects of on the activities, the obtained results also provide clues to drug repurposing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zahra Moeini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Hamidi
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Rezaei Somee
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdis Zolfaghar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Darzi
- Department of Plant Science, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kamalipourazad
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sogol Meknatkhah
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kosar M, Sarott RC, Sykes DA, Viray AEG, Vitale RM, Tomašević N, Li X, Ganzoni RLZ, Kicin B, Reichert L, Patej KJ, Gómez-Bouzó U, Guba W, McCormick PJ, Hua T, Gruber CW, Veprintsev DB, Frank JA, Grether U, Carreira EM. Flipping the GPCR Switch: Structure-Based Development of Selective Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Inverse Agonists. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:956-968. [PMID: 38799662 PMCID: PMC11117691 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We report a blueprint for the rational design of G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands with a tailored functional response. The present study discloses the structure-based design of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) selective inverse agonists (S)-1 and (R)-1, which were derived from privileged agonist HU-308 by introduction of a phenyl group at the gem-dimethylheptyl side chain. Epimer (R)-1 exhibits high affinity for CB2R with Kd = 39.1 nM and serves as a platform for the synthesis of a wide variety of probes. Notably, for the first time these fluorescent probes retain their inverse agonist functionality, high affinity, and selectivity for CB2R independent of linker and fluorophore substitution. Ligands (S)-1, (R)-1, and their derivatives act as inverse agonists in CB2R-mediated cAMP as well as G protein recruitment assays and do not trigger β-arrestin-receptor association. Furthermore, no receptor activation was detected in live cell ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Ca2+-release assays. Confocal fluorescence imaging experiments with (R)-7 (Alexa488) and (R)-9 (Alexa647) probes employing BV-2 microglial cells visualized CB2R expressed at endogenous levels. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations corroborate the initial docking data in which inverse agonists restrict movement of toggle switch Trp2586.48 and thereby stabilize CB2R in its inactive state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kosar
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roman C. Sarott
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David A. Sykes
- Faculty
of Medicine & Health Sciences, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham
and University of Nottingham, https://www.birmingham-nottingham.ac.uk/compare
| | - Alexander E. G. Viray
- Department
of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, United States
| | - Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research
Council, Via Campi Flegrei
34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Nataša Tomašević
- Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse
17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoting Li
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rudolf L. Z. Ganzoni
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bilal Kicin
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Reichert
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kacper J. Patej
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Uxía Gómez-Bouzó
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Guba
- Roche
Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel,
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter J. McCormick
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Liverpool, Ashton
Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, U.K.
| | - Tian Hua
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse
17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dmitry B. Veprintsev
- Faculty
of Medicine & Health Sciences, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham
and University of Nottingham, https://www.birmingham-nottingham.ac.uk/compare
| | - James A. Frank
- Department
of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, United States
- Vollum
Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, United States
| | - Uwe Grether
- Roche
Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel,
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paronis C, Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas C, Papanastasiou I, Makriyannis A, Bergman J, Nikas SP. Evidence for spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:184-194. [PMID: 35288509 PMCID: PMC8924453 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the behavioral effects of acute and chronic exposure to cannabinoids have been extensively studied in mice, spontaneous withdrawal following exposure to cannabinoids has not been well characterized in this species. To address this issue, different groups of mice were treated for 5 days with saline, 20-36 mg/kg/day of the CB partial agonist Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), or 0.06-0.1 mg/kg/day of the CB high-efficacy agonist AM2389. Initial studies assessed changes in observable behavior (paw tremors) that were scored from the recordings taken at 4 or 24 h after the last injection. Subsequently, radiotelemetry was used to continuously measure body temperature and locomotor activity before (baseline), during, and after the 5-day dosing regimens. Results show that increases in paw tremors occurred following 5-day exposure to AM2389 or Δ9-THC. In telemetry studies, acute AM2389 or THC decreased both temperature and activity. Rapid tolerance occurred to the hypothermic effects of the cannabinoids, whereas locomotor activity continued to be suppressed following each drug injection. In contrast, increases in locomotor activity were evident 12-72 h after discontinuing daily injections of either 0.06 or 0.1 mg/kg/day AM2389. Increases in locomotor activity were also noted in mice treated daily with 30 or 36, but not 20 mg/kg/day Δ9-THC; these effects were smaller and appeared later than effects seen in AM2389-treated mice. These results indicate that the discontinuation of daily treatment with a CB high-efficacy agonist will yield evidence of spontaneous withdrawal that may reflect prior dependence, and that the degree of cannabinoid dependence may vary in relation to the dose or efficacy of the agonist injected daily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Paronis
- Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology, McLean Hospital
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Makriyannis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jack Bergman
- Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology, McLean Hospital
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van der Kolk MR, Jansen MACH, Rutjes FPJT, Blanco-Ania D. CYCLOBUTANES IN SMALL MOLECULE DRUG CANDIDATES. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200020. [PMID: 35263505 PMCID: PMC9314592 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclobutanes are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry in the search for relevant biological properties. Important characteristics of the cyclobutane ring include its unique puckered structure, longer C−C bond lengths, increased C−C π‐character and relative chemical inertness for a highly strained carbocycle. This review will focus on contributions of cyclobutane rings in drug candidates to arrive at favorable properties. Cyclobutanes have been employed for improving multiple factors such as preventing cis/trans‐isomerization by replacing alkenes, replacing larger cyclic systems, increasing metabolic stability, directing key pharmacophore groups, inducing conformational restriction, reducing planarity, as aryl isostere and filling hydrophobic pockets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marnix R van der Kolk
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
| | - Mathilde A C H Jansen
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
| | - Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Radboud University, Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Heyendaalaseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farah SI, Hilston S, Tran N, Zvonok N, Makriyannis A. 1-, 2- and 3-AG as substrates of the endocannabinoid enzymes and endogenous ligands of the cannabinoid receptor 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 591:31-36. [PMID: 34995983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most potent and abundant endocannabinoid that acts as a full agonist at the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) receptors. It serves as a substrate for several serine hydrolases, including monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), α/β hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). However, 2-AG's rapid conversion to 1-AG (the S stereoisomer) and 3-AG (the R stereoisomer) complicates in vivo signaling. Here, we present the interaction profiles of 2-AG and its isomerization products, 1- and 3-AG, with the endocannabinoid MGL, ABHD6 and FAAH enzymes as well as the CB1 receptor. The 1- and 3-AG enantiomers are less prone to isomerization, and their affinities to endocannabinoid enzymes and potencies at CB1 receptor are quite different compared to 2-AG. Although MGL is the principal hydrolytic enzyme of 2-AG, 3-AG (the R isomer) appears to be the best substrate for hMGL. Contrarily, 1-AG (the S isomer) demonstrates the worst substrate profile, indicating that the stereochemistry of 1(3)-monoacylglycerols is very important for MGL enzyme. On the other hand, both 1- and 3-AG (the sn1 monoacylglycerols) are efficiently hydrolyzed by hABHD6 without preference, while 2-AG (the sn2 monoacylglycerol) has the lowest rate of hydrolysis. FAAH, the principal hydrolytic enzyme for arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide, AEA), catalyzes the hydrolysis of all three isomers with similar efficiencies. In a functional cAMP assay at CB1 receptor, all three isomers behaved as agonists, with 2-AG being the most potent, followed by 3-AG then 1-AG. The presented data provides stereochemical insights to design chemically stable AG analogs with preferential stability against enzymes of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrouq I Farah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samantha Hilston
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ngan Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nikolai Zvonok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang S, Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas C, Tong F, Brust CA, Keenan CM, Raghav JG, Hua T, Wu S, Ho JH, Wu Y, Grim TW, Zvonok N, Thakur GA, Liu ZJ, Sharkey KA, Bohn LM, Nikas SP, Makriyannis A. Novel Functionalized Cannabinoid Receptor Probes: Development of Exceptionally Potent Agonists. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3870-3884. [PMID: 33761251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of novel cannabinergic probes that can stabilize the cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) through tight binding interactions. Ligand design involves the introduction of select groups at a judiciously chosen position within the classical hexahydrocannabinol template (monofunctionalized probes). Such groups include the electrophilic isothiocyanato, the photoactivatable azido, and the polar cyano moieties. These groups can also be combined to produce bifunctionalized probes potentially capable of interacting at two distinct sites within the CBR-binding domains. These novel compounds display remarkably high binding affinities for CBRs and are exceptionally potent agonists. A key ligand (27a, AM11245) exhibits exceptionally high potency in both in vitro and in vivo assays and was designated as "megagonist," a property attributed to its tight binding profile. By acting both centrally and peripherally, 27a distinguishes itself from our previously reported "megagonist" AM841, whose functions are restricted to the periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christina A Brust
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Catherine M Keenan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | - Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Jo-Hao Ho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Travis W Grim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | | | | | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Navaratne PV, Wilkerson JL, Ranasinghe KD, Semenova E, Felix JS, Ghiviriga I, Roitberg A, McMahon LR, Grenning AJ. Axially Chiral Cannabinols: A New Platform for Cannabinoid‐Inspired Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:728-732. [PMID: 32061146 PMCID: PMC10173896 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytocannabinoids (and synthetic analogs thereof) are gaining significant attention as promising leads in modern medicine. Considering this, new directions for the design of phytocannabinoid-inspired molecules is of immediate interest. In this regard, we have hypothesized that axially-chiral-cannabinols (ax-CBNs), unnatural and unknown isomers of cannabinol (CBN) may be valuable scaffolds for cannabinoid-inspired drug discovery. There are two main factors directing our interest to these scaffolds: (a) ax-CBNs would have ground-state three-dimensionality; ligand-receptor interactions can be more significant with complimentary 3D-topology, and (b) ax-CBNs at their core structure are biaryl molecules, generally attractive platforms for pharmaceutical development due to their ease of functionalization and stability. Herein we report a synthesis of ax-CBNs, examine physical properties experimentally and computationally, and perform a comparative analysis of ax-CBN and THC in mice behavioral studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny L. Wilkerson
- Department of PharmacodynamicsUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | | | - Evgeniya Semenova
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Jasmine S. Felix
- Department of PharmacodynamicsUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Adrian Roitberg
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Lance R. McMahon
- Department of PharmacodynamicsUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hua T, Li X, Wu L, Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas C, Wang Y, Wu M, Shen L, Brust CA, Nikas SP, Song F, Song X, Yuan S, Sun Q, Wu Y, Jiang S, Grim TW, Benchama O, Stahl EL, Zvonok N, Zhao S, Bohn LM, Makriyannis A, Liu ZJ. Activation and Signaling Mechanism Revealed by Cannabinoid Receptor-G i Complex Structures. Cell 2020; 180:655-665.e18. [PMID: 32004463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human endocannabinoid systems modulate multiple physiological processes mainly through the activation of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Their high sequence similarity, low agonist selectivity, and lack of activation and G protein-coupling knowledge have hindered the development of therapeutic applications. Importantly, missing structural information has significantly held back the development of promising CB2-selective agonist drugs for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain without the psychoactivity of CB1. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy structures of synthetic cannabinoid-bound CB2 and CB1 in complex with Gi, as well as agonist-bound CB2 crystal structure. Of important scientific and therapeutic benefit, our results reveal a diverse activation and signaling mechanism, the structural basis of CB2-selective agonists design, and the unexpected interaction of cholesterol with CB1, suggestive of its endogenous allosteric modulating role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Xiaoting Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Yuxia Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Meng Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ling Shen
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Christina A Brust
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Song
- School of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiyong Song
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- The Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Travis W Grim
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Othman Benchama
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward L Stahl
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Nikolai Zvonok
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Ji L, Eno M, Kudalkar S, Li AL, Schimpgen M, Benchama O, Morales P, Xu S, Hurst D, Wu S, Mohammad KA, Wood JT, Zvonok N, Papahatjis DP, Zhou H, Honrao C, Mackie K, Reggio P, Hohmann AG, Marnett LJ, Makriyannis A, Nikas SP. ( R)- N-(1-Methyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-13-( S)-methyl-arachidonamide (AMG315): A Novel Chiral Potent Endocannabinoid Ligand with Stability to Metabolizing Enzymes. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8639-8657. [PMID: 30196704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of potent metabolically stable endocannabinoids is challenging. Here we report a chiral arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) analogue, namely, (13 S,1' R)-dimethylanandamide (AMG315, 3a), a high affinity ligand for the CB1 receptor ( Ki of 7.8 ± 1.4 nM) that behaves as a potent CB1 agonist in vitro (EC50 = 0.6 ± 0.2 nM). (13 S,1' R)-dimethylanandamide is the first potent AEA analogue with significant stability for all endocannabinoid hydrolyzing enzymes as well as the oxidative enzymes COX-2. When tested in vivo using the CFA-induced inflammatory pain model, 3a behaved as a more potent analgesic when compared to endogenous AEA or its hydrolytically stable analogue AM356. This novel analogue will serve as a very useful endocannabinoid probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingpeng Liu
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Lipin Ji
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Marsha Eno
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Shalley Kudalkar
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States
| | - Ai-Ling Li
- Department of Biological and Brain Sciences , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Marion Schimpgen
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vass. Constantinou , Athens 116-35 , Greece
| | - Othman Benchama
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Paula Morales
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Shu Xu
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States
| | - Dow Hurst
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Simiao Wu
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Khadijah A Mohammad
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - JodiAnne T Wood
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Nikolai Zvonok
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Demetris P Papahatjis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vass. Constantinou , Athens 116-35 , Greece
| | - Han Zhou
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Chandrashekhar Honrao
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Biological and Brain Sciences , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Patricia Reggio
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Department of Biological and Brain Sciences , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Malamas MS, Raghav JG, Ma X, Honrao C, Wood JT, Benchama O, Zhou H, Mallipeddi S, Makriyannis A. Oximes short-acting CB1 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4963-4970. [PMID: 30122284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
New oximes short-acting CB1 agonists were explored by the introduction of an internal oxime and polar groups at the C3 alkyl tail of Δ8-THC. The scope of the research was to drastically alter two important physicochemical properties hydrophobicity (log P) and topological surface area (tPSA) of the compound, which play a critical role in tissue distribution and sequestration (depot effect). Key synthesized analogs demonstrated sub-nanomolar affinity for CB1, marked reduction in hydrophobicity (ClogP∼2.5-3.5 vs 9.09 of Δ8-THC-DMH), and found to function as either agonists (trans-oximes) or neutral antagonists (cis-oximes) in a cAMP functional assay. All oxime analogs showed comparable affinity at the CB2 receptor, but surprisingly they were found to function as inverse agonists for CB2. In behavioral studies (i.e. analgesia, hypothermia) trans-oxime 8a exhibited a predictable fast onset (∼20 min) and short duration of pharmacological action (∼180 min), in contrast to the very prolonged duration of Δ8-THC-DMH (>24 h), thus limiting the potential for severe psychotropic side-effects associated with persistent activation of the CB1 receptor. We have conducted 100 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of CB1 complexes with AM11542 (CB1 agonist) and both trans-8a and cis-8b isomeric oximes. These studies revealed that the C3 alkyl tail of cis-8b orientated within the CB1 binding pocket in a manner that triggered a conformational change that stabilized the CB1 receptor at its inactive-state (antagonistic functional effect). In contrast, the trans-8a isomer's conformation was coincided with that of the AM11542 CB1 agonist-bound structure, stabilizing the CB1 receptor at the active-state (agonistic functional effect). We have selected oxime trans-8a based on its potency for CB1, and favorable pharmacodynamic profile, such as fast onset and predictable duration of pharmacological action, for evaluation in pre-clinical models of anorexia nervosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Malamas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Jimit Girish Raghav
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar Honrao
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - JodiAnne T Wood
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Othman Benchama
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Han Zhou
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Srikrishnan Mallipeddi
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miller S, Kulkarni S, Ciesielski A, Nikas SP, Mackie K, Makriyannis A, Straiker A. Controlled-Deactivation CB1 Receptor Ligands as a Novel Strategy to Lower Intraocular Pressure. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:E50. [PMID: 29786643 PMCID: PMC6027315 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly half a century has passed since the demonstration that cannabis and its chief psychoactive component Δ⁸-THC lowers intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP remains the chief hallmark and therapeutic target for glaucoma, a condition that places millions at risk of blindness. It is likely that Δ⁸-THC exerts much of its IOP-lowering effects via the activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors. However, the initial promise of CB1 as a target for treating glaucoma has not thus far translated into a credible therapeutic strategy. We have recently shown that blocking monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), an enzyme that breaks the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), substantially lowers IOP. Another strategy is to develop cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists that are optimized for topical application to the eye. Recently we have reported on a controlled-deactivation approach where the "soft" drug concept of enzymatic deactivation was combined with a "depot effect" that is commonly observed with Δ⁸-THC and other lipophilic cannabinoids. This approach allowed us to develop novel cannabinoids with a predictable duration of action and is particularly attractive for the design of CB1 activators for ophthalmic use with limited or no psychoactive effects. We have tested a novel class of compounds using a combination of electrophysiology in autaptic hippocampal neurons, a well-characterized model of endogenous cannabinoid signaling, and measurements of IOP in a mouse model. We now report that AM7410 is a reasonably potent and efficacious agonist at CB1 in neurons and that it substantially (30%) lowers IOP for as long as 5 h after a single topical treatment. This effect is absent in CB1 knockout mice. Our results indicate that the direct targeting of CB1 receptors with controlled-deactivation ligands is a viable approach to lower IOP in a murine model and merits further study in other model systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Miller
- The Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, The Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Shashank Kulkarni
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alex Ciesielski
- The Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, The Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ken Mackie
- The Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, The Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alex Straiker
- The Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, The Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zanato C, Pelagalli A, Marwick KFM, Piras M, Dall'Angelo S, Spinaci A, Pertwee RG, Wyllie DJA, Hardingham GE, Zanda M. Synthesis, radio-synthesis and in vitro evaluation of terminally fluorinated derivatives of HU-210 and HU-211 as novel candidate PET tracers. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:2086-2096. [PMID: 28210722 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02796b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of terminally fluorinated HU-210 and HU-211 analogues (HU-210F and HU-211F, respectively) and their biological evaluation as ligands of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). [18F]-labelled HU-210F was radiosynthesised from the bromo-substituted precursor. In vitro assays showed that both HU-210F and HU-211F retain the potent pharmacological profile of HU-210 and HU-211, suggesting that [18F]-radiolabelled HU-210F and HU-211F could have potential as PET tracers for in vivo imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zanato
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
| | - Alessia Pelagalli
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
| | - Katie F M Marwick
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK
| | - Monica Piras
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
| | - Roger G Pertwee
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
| | - David J A Wyllie
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK. and C.N.R. - I.C.R.M., via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kulkarni AR, Garai S, Janero DR, Thakur GA. Design and Synthesis of Cannabinoid 1 Receptor (CB1R) Allosteric Modulators: Drug Discovery Applications. Methods Enzymol 2017; 593:281-315. [PMID: 28750808 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Also expressed in various peripheral tissues, the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) is the predominant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in brain, where it is responsible for retrograde control of neurotransmitter release. Cellular signaling mediated by CB1R is involved in numerous physiological processes, and pharmacological CB1R modulation is considered a tenable therapeutic approach for diseases ranging from substance-use disorders and glaucoma to metabolic syndrome. Despite the design and synthesis of a variety of bioactive small molecules targeted to the CB1R orthosteric ligand-binding site, the potential of CB1R as a therapeutic GPCR has been largely unrealized due to adverse events associated with typical orthosteric CB1R agonists and antagonists/inverse agonists. Modulation of CB1R-mediated signal transmission by targeting alternative allosteric ligand-binding site(s) on the receptor has garnered interest as a potentially safer and more effective therapeutic modality. This chapter highlights the design and synthesis of novel, pharmacologically active CB1R allosteric modulators and emphasizes how their molecular properties and the positive and negative allosteric control they exert can lead to improved CB1R-targeted pharmacotherapeutics, as well as designer covalent probes that can be used to map CB1R allosteric binding domains and inform structure-based drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit R Kulkarni
- School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sumanta Garai
- School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David R Janero
- School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Health Sciences Entrepreneurs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ganesh A Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo YA, Zhao M, Xu Z, Ye T. Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Actinoranone. Chemistry 2017; 23:3572-3576. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-an Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; Engineering Laboratory for Chiral Drug Synthesis; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Xili, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; Engineering Laboratory for Chiral Drug Synthesis; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Xili, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhengshuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; Engineering Laboratory for Chiral Drug Synthesis; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Xili, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Tao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; Engineering Laboratory for Chiral Drug Synthesis; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Xili, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
[INCREMENT]9-Tetrahydrocannabinol discriminative stimulus effects of AM2201 and related aminoalkylindole analogs in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 27:211-4. [PMID: 26397760 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The recent recreational use of synthetic cannabinoid ligands, collectively referred to as 'Spice', has raised concerns about their safety and possible differences in their biological effect(s) from marijuana/Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). AM2201, a highly efficacious, potent cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) agonist, is a recently detected compound in 'Spice' preparations. Furthermore, structural analogs of AM2201 are now being found in 'Spice'. The present studies were conducted to investigate their Δ-THC-like effects using drug (Δ-THC) discrimination in rats. Results show that the tested compounds were potent cannabinergics that generalized to the response to Δ-THC, with AM2201 being most potent, exhibiting a 14-fold potency difference over Δ-THC. The other analogs were between 2.5-fold and 4-fold more potent than THC. Surmountable antagonism of AM2201 with the selective CB1R antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant also established that the discrimination is CB1R dependent. Time-course data reveal that AM2201 likely peaks rapidly with an in-vivo functional half-life of only 60 min. The present data confirm and extend previous observations regarding Δ-THC-like effects of 'Spice' components.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kulkarni S, Nikas SP, Sharma R, Jiang S, Paronis CA, Leonard MZ, Zhang B, Honrao C, Mallipeddi S, Raghav JG, Benchama O, Jarbe TUC, Bergman J, Makriyannis A. Novel C-Ring-Hydroxy-Substituted Controlled Deactivation Cannabinergic Analogues. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6903-19. [PMID: 27367336 PMCID: PMC5532543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In pursuit of safer controlled-deactivation cannabinoids with high potency and short duration of action, we report the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of novel C9- and C11-hydroxy-substituted hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) analogues in which a seven atom long side chain, with or without 1'-substituents, carries a metabolically labile 2',3'-ester group. Importantly, in vivo studies validated our controlled deactivation approach in rodents and non-human primates. The lead molecule identified here, namely, butyl-2-[(6aR,9R,10aR)-1-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-3-yl]-2-methylpropanoate (AM7499), was found to exhibit remarkably high in vitro and in vivo potency with shorter duration of action than the currently existing classical cannabinoid agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kulkarni
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Spyros P. Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shan Jiang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Carol A. Paronis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- McLean Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Belmont,
Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Michael Z. Leonard
- McLean Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Belmont,
Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar Honrao
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Srikrishnan Mallipeddi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jimit Girish Raghav
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Othman Benchama
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Torbjorn U. C. Jarbe
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jack Bergman
- McLean Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Belmont,
Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22254, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bow EW, Rimoldi JM. The Structure-Function Relationships of Classical Cannabinoids: CB1/CB2 Modulation. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 8:17-39. [PMID: 27398024 PMCID: PMC4927043 DOI: 10.4137/pmc.s32171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoids are members of a deceptively simple class of terpenophenolic secondary metabolites isolated from Cannabis sativa highlighted by (-)-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), eliciting distinct pharmacological effects mediated largely by cannabinoid receptor (CB1 or CB2) signaling. Since the initial discovery of THC and related cannabinoids, synthetic and semisynthetic classical cannabinoid analogs have been evaluated to help define receptor binding modes and structure-CB1/CB2 functional activity relationships. This perspective will examine the classical cannabinoids, with particular emphasis on the structure-activity relationship of five regions: C3 side chain, phenolic hydroxyl, aromatic A-ring, pyran B-ring, and cyclohexenyl C-ring. Cumulative structure-activity relationship studies to date have helped define the critical structural elements required for potency and selectivity toward CB1 and CB2 and, more importantly, ushered the discovery and development of contemporary nonclassical cannabinoid modulators with enhanced physicochemical and pharmacological profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Bow
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - John M. Rimoldi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Laprairie RB, Kulkarni AR, Kulkarni PM, Hurst DP, Lynch D, Reggio PH, Janero DR, Pertwee RG, Stevenson LA, Kelly MEM, Denovan-Wright EM, Thakur GA. Mapping Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Allosteric Site(s): Critical Molecular Determinant and Signaling Profile of GAT100, a Novel, Potent, and Irreversibly Binding Probe. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:776-98. [PMID: 27046127 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most abundant G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in brain, the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R), is a tractable therapeutic target for treating diverse psychobehavioral and somatic disorders. Adverse on-target effects associated with small-molecule CB1R orthosteric agonists and inverse agonists/antagonists have plagued their translational potential. Allosteric CB1R modulators offer a potentially safer modality through which CB1R signaling may be directed for therapeutic benefit. Rational design of candidate, druglike CB1R allosteric modulators requires greater understanding of the architecture of the CB1R allosteric endodomain(s) and the capacity of CB1R allosteric ligands to tune the receptor's information output. We have recently reported the synthesis of a focused library of rationally designed, covalent analogues of Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1, two prototypic CB1R negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). Among the novel, pharmacologically active CB1R NAMs reported, the isothiocyanate GAT100 emerged as the lead by virtue of its exceptional potency in the [(35)S]GTPγS and β-arrestin signaling assays and its ability to label CB1R as a covalent allosteric probe with significantly reduced inverse agonism in the [(35)S]GTPγS assay as compared to Org27569. We report here a comprehensive functional profiling of GAT100 across an array of important downstream cell-signaling pathways and analysis of its potential orthosteric probe-dependence and signaling bias. The results demonstrate that GAT100 is a NAM of the orthosteric CB1R agonist CP55,940 and the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide for β-arrestin1 recruitment, PLCβ3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cAMP accumulation, and CB1R internalization in HEK293A cells overexpressing CB1R and in Neuro2a and STHdh(Q7/Q7) cells endogenously expressing CB1R. Distinctively, GAT100 was a more potent and efficacious CB1R NAM than Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1 in all signaling assays and did not exhibit the inverse agonism associated with Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1. Computational docking studies implicate C7.38(382) as a key feature of GAT100 ligand-binding motif. These data help inform the engineering of newer-generation, druggable CB1R allosteric modulators and demonstrate the utility of GAT100 as a covalent probe for mapping structure-function correlates characteristic of the druggable CB1R allosteric space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dow P. Hurst
- Center
for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Diane Lynch
- Center
for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Patricia H. Reggio
- Center
for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | | | - Roger G. Pertwee
- School of
Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill,
Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland
| | - Lesley A. Stevenson
- School of
Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill,
Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shih JL, Nguyen TS, May JA. Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Heteroaryl and Aryl Trifluoroborates: a Synthetic Strategy for Discoipyrrole D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9931-5. [PMID: 26074014 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bis-heteroaryl or bis-aryl stereocenters were formed by an organocatalytic enantioselective conjugate addition using the respective trifluoroborate salts as nucleophiles. Control studies suggested that fluoride dissociation is necessary in the anhydrous conditions. This strategy is applicable to the synthesis of discoipyrrole D, an inhibitor of BR5 fibroblast migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Le Shih
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, TX 77204-5003 (USA)
| | - Thien S Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, TX 77204-5003 (USA)
| | - Jeremy A May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, TX 77204-5003 (USA).
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shih JL, Nguyen TS, May JA. Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Heteroaryl and Aryl Trifluoroborates: a Synthetic Strategy for Discoipyrrole D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
22
|
Ogawa G, Tius MA, Zhou H, Nikas SP, Halikhedkar A, Mallipeddi S, Makriyannis A. 3'-functionalized adamantyl cannabinoid receptor probes. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3104-16. [PMID: 25760146 DOI: 10.1021/jm501960u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aliphatic side chain plays a pivotal role in determining the cannabinergic potency of tricyclic classical cannabinoids, and we have previously shown that this chain could be substituted successfully by adamantyl or other polycyclic groups. In an effort to explore the pharmacophoric features of these conformationally fixed groups, we have synthesized a series of analogues in which the C3 position is substituted directly with an adamantyl group bearing functionality at one of the tertiary carbon atoms. These substituents included the electrophilic isothiocyanate and photoactivatable azido groups, both of which are capable of covalent attachment with the target protein. Our results show that substitution at the 3'-adamantyl position can lead to ligands with improved affinities and CB1/CB2 selectivities. Our work has also led to the development of two successful covalent probes with high affinities for both cannabinoid receptors, namely, the electrophilic isothiocyanate AM994 and the photoactivatable aliphatic azido AM993 analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Go Ogawa
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Marcus A Tius
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Han Zhou
- ‡Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- ‡Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aneetha Halikhedkar
- ‡Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Srikrishnan Mallipeddi
- ‡Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- ‡Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,§King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22254, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nikas SP, Sharma R, Paronis CA, Kulkarni S, Thakur GA, Hurst D, Wood JT, Gifford RS, Rajarshi G, Liu Y, Raghav JG, Guo JJ, Järbe TUC, Reggio PH, Bergman J, Makriyannis A. Probing the carboxyester side chain in controlled deactivation (-)-δ(8)-tetrahydrocannabinols. J Med Chem 2014; 58:665-81. [PMID: 25470070 PMCID: PMC4306527 DOI: 10.1021/jm501165d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We
recently reported on a controlled deactivation/detoxification approach
for obtaining cannabinoids with improved druggability. Our design
incorporates a metabolically labile ester group at strategic positions
within the THC structure. We have now synthesized a series of (−)-Δ8-THC analogues encompassing a carboxyester group within the
3-alkyl chain in an effort to explore this novel cannabinergic chemotype
for CB receptor binding affinity, in vitro and in vivo potency and
efficacy, as well as controlled deactivation by plasma esterases.
We have also probed the chain’s polar characteristics with
regard to fast onset and short duration of action. Our lead molecule,
namely 2-[(6aR,10aR)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-3-yl]-2-methyl-propanoic
acid 3-cyano-propyl ester (AM7438), showed picomolar affinity for
CB receptors and is deactivated by plasma esterases while the respective
acid metabolite is inactive. In further in vitro and in vivo experiments,
the compound was found to be a remarkably potent and efficacious CB1
receptor agonist with relatively fast onset/offset of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Janero DR, Makriyannis A. Terpenes and lipids of the endocannabinoid and transient-receptor-potential-channel biosignaling systems. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:1097-106. [PMID: 24866555 DOI: 10.1021/cn5000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocananbnoid-system G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are critical components of cellular biosignaling networks. These plasma-membrane proteins are pleiotropic in their ability to interact with and engage structurally diverse ligands. The endocannabinoid and TRP signaling systems overlap in their recognition properties with respect to select naturally occurring plant-derived ligands that belong to the terpene and lipid chemical classes, the overlap establishing a physiological connectivity between these two ubiquitous cell-signaling systems. Identification and pharmacological profiling of phytochemicals engaged by cannabinoid GPCRs and/or TRP channels has inspired the synthesis of novel designer ligands that interact with cannabinoid receptors and/or TRP channels as xenobiotics. Functional interplay between the endocannabinoid and TRP-channel signaling systems is responsible for the antinocifensive action of some synthetic cananbinoids (WIN55,212-2 and AM1241), vasorelaxation by the endocannabinoid N-arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide), and the pain-relief afforded by the synthetic anandamide analogue N-arachidonoylaminophenol (AM404), the active metabolite of the widely used nonprescription analgesic and antipyretic acetaminophen (paracetamol). The biological actions of some plant-derived cannabinoid-receptor (e.g., Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol) or TRP-channel (e.g,, menthol) ligands either carry abuse potential themselves or promote the use of other addictive substances, suggesting the therapeutic potential for modulating these signaling systems for abuse-related disorders. The pleiotropic nature of and therapeutically relevant interactions between cananbinergic and TRP-channel signaling suggest the possibility of dual-acting ligands as drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Janero
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22254, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Makriyannis A. 2012 Division of medicinal chemistry award address. Trekking the cannabinoid road: a personal perspective. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3891-911. [PMID: 24707904 DOI: 10.1021/jm500220s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
My involvement with the field of cannabinoids spans close to 3 decades and covers a major part of my scientific career. It also reflects the robust progress in this initially largely unexplored area of biology. During this period of time, I have witnessed the growth of modern cannabinoid biology, starting from the discovery of its two receptors and followed by the characterization of its endogenous ligands and the identification of the enzyme systems involved in their biosynthesis and biotransformation. I was fortunate enough to start at the beginning of this new era and participate in a number of the new discoveries. It has been a very exciting journey. With coverage of some key aspects of my work during this period of "modern cannabinoid research," this Award Address, in part historical, intends to give an account of how the field grew, the key discoveries, and the most promising directions for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sharma R, Nikas SP, Guo JJ, Mallipeddi S, Wood JT, Makriyannis A. C-ring cannabinoid lactones: a novel cannabinergic chemotype. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:400-4. [PMID: 24900848 DOI: 10.1021/ml4005304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As a part of our controlled-deactivation ligand development project, we recently disclosed a series of (-)-Δ(8)-tetrahydrocannabinols (THCs) with a metabolically labile ester group at the 2'-position of the side chain. Now, we have replaced the C-ring in the classical THC structure with a hydrolyzable seven-membered lactone. One of the synthesized analogues binds with high affinity to the CB1 receptor (K i = 4.6 nM) and exhibits much lower affinities for the mCB2 and the hCB2. Also, in vitro functional characterization found the compound to be an agonist at rCB1. Consistent with our rational design, the lead cannabinergic lactone identified here is susceptible to metabolic inactivation by plasma esterases, while the respective acid metabolite is inactive at CB receptors. These results are highlighted with molecular modeling of the two regiosomeric lactones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Center for Drug Discovery
and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Spyros P. Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery
and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jason Jianxin Guo
- Center for Drug Discovery
and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Srikrishnan Mallipeddi
- Center for Drug Discovery
and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - JodiAnne T. Wood
- Center for Drug Discovery
and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery
and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|